[Marinir] Schumann Van Creveld: PEPERA/ACT OF FREE CHOICE IN PAPUA
Zaenal Arief
combat at melsa.net.id
Wed Aug 10 05:38:40 CEST 2005
iya kemaren di TV saya liat peringatan hari pribumi ??? itu pernyataanya
sama gayanya tolol sekali sambil megang bendera PBB dan tulisan SOS .....
mereka merasa dijajah apa?? kalo merdeka sendiri paling nggak jauh dari
nasib Tim Tim jadi Timor Leste...malah jelas-jelas dijajah bule...
----- Original Message -----
From: "Yap Hong Gie" <ouwehoer at centrin.net.id>
To: "Mailing List Marinir TNI/AL" <marinir at polarhome.com>
Sent: Wednesday, August 10, 2005 10:03 AM
Subject: Re: [Marinir] Schumann Van Creveld: PEPERA/ACT OF FREE CHOICE IN
PAPUA
> Pak Zainal,
>
> Sudah lama ada "taskforce" AS, AUS dan EU (dalam baju-baju LSM), untuk
> Irian Barat, misinya adalah menggerakan agar Papua merdeka.
>
> Pernah LSM kita ada pertemuan (06/11/'03) dengan KASUM TNI Letjen Chaniago
> bersama dengan Kapuspen TNI Mayjen Syafri Syamsudin di Mabes TNI, kita
> sudah menyampaikan hal ini.
> Juga dalam pertemuan (18/05/'05) dengan KASAD Jenderal TNI Djoko Santoso
> sudah kita ingatkan di Irian terjadi perang a-symetris (inconventional)
> yang intensitas ancamannya jauh lebih sulit dan berbahaya.
>
> Best regards, yhg.
> ------------------
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Zaenal Arief" <combat at melsa.net.id>
> To: "Mailing List Marinir TNI/AL" <marinir at polarhome.com>
> Sent: Tuesday, August 09, 2005 9:11 AM
> Subject: Re: [Marinir] Schumann Van Creveld: PEPERA/ACT OF FREE CHOICE IN
> PAPUA
>
>
>> Pak Yap,
>>
>> Jadi kalo dibaca Papua itu udah sah kan secara internasional .... terus
>> orang US mau apa lagi ....?
>>
>> Zaenal
>>
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: "Yap Hong Gie" <ouwehoer at centrin.net.id>
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>> Cc: "Sharif Dayan" <bimasena at ksatrian.or.id>; "Jerry Gray"
>> <kusuma71 at cbn.net.id>; "Hasan M. Soedjono" <hms at cbn.net.id>; "Wuryastuti
>> Sunario" <tbsc-strategy at indo.net.id>; "Henry Biantoro"
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>> Sent: Monday, August 08, 2005 8:32 PM
>> Subject: [Marinir] Schumann Van Creveld: PEPERA/ACT OF FREE CHOICE IN
>> PAPUA
>>
>>
>>>
>>> PEPERA / ACT OF FREE CHOICE IN PAPUA.
>>> ---------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> SCHUMANN VAN CREVELD, PhD
>>> Analyst of Indonesia, Chicago, IL.
>>>
>>> I. Chronology of Free of Act choice / 1969 in Papua
>>>
>>> Act of Free choice / Act of Self-Determination, known as PEPERA in
>>> Indonesia
>>> has widely been regarded as legitimate and historic democratic process
>>> in
>>> the history of Indonesia. Indonesia, officially known as the Unitary
>>> State
>>> of Indonesia.
>>>
>>> Once Indonesia was the colony of Dutch. The independence proclaimed on
>>> August 17 August 1945 bringing the dispute of Papua (or West New Guinea
>>> or
>>> Irian Jaya) territory. This territory once was used to be a part of
>>> Indonesia (based on Dutch document, Papua was the part of Mollucas
>>> territory).
>>>
>>> Finally the agreement was reached when Indonesian government and Dutch
>>> government agreed to conduct PEPERA in 1969 as the result of New York
>>> Agreement, 1962.
>>>
>>> The conduction and result of PEPERA had been done together with UN and
>>> endorsed by UN with Resolution 2504 (XXIV). It then was followed by the
>>> condition of integration of Papua with Indonesia.
>>>
>>>
>>> A. The chronology of Act of Free choice / PEPERA is as follows:
>>>
>>>
>>> 1828: West Papua was the part of Dutch colony since 1828
>>>
>>> 1949: Dutch admitted the Indonesian independence in 1949, instead of
>>> 1945
>>>
>>> 1949 (November): Indonesian and Dutch government agreed to answer the
>>> question of political status of Papua through later negotiations.
>>>
>>> 1954: After 5 years, there was no progress from Dutch regarding the
>>> Papua.
>>> Indonesia appealed to UN in 1954.
>>>
>>> 1954: UN Secretary General, U-Thant appointed US Ambassador Elsworth
>>> Bunker as mediator between Indonesian and Dutch government.
>>>
>>> 1962, 15 August: Finally agreement was reached. Both nations agreed to
>>> sign
>>> the so-called New York Agreement on 15 August 1962. Indonesia was
>>> represented by Subandrio, while Dutch by Dutch Ambassador for UN,
>>> Van Roijen and Schurmann.
>>>
>>> 1962, 21 September: The agreement of New York was officially listed with
>>> resolution number 1752-about New York agreement-21 September 1962.
>>>
>>> The agreement was monitored internationally and officially by UN,
>>> International Community and US government.
>>>
>>> The New York agreement contained 29 chapters with 3 main contents:
>>>
>>> · Transfer of administration from Dutch to UN (Ch 2- 11)
>>> · Transfer of administration from UN to Indonesia (Ch 12-13)
>>> · Self-Determination (Ch 14-21)
>>>
>>> The execution of UN to Papua was done by UNTEA.
>>>
>>> Dutch surrendered Papua to UN on 1 October 1962.
>>>
>>> 1962, 1 October - 1963, 1 May: 2 sequences of replacing Dutch officers
>>> with non-Dutch officers.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> B. The Legality and UN-officially full standard of Self-Determination
>>> (PEPERA)
>>>
>>>
>>> Based on New York agreement, after complete replacement, the self
>>> determination will be executed. The guiding of self-determination is as
>>> follows:
>>>
>>> a. The execution of self-determination must be under / accompanied by
>>> advice, assistance and participating of UN.
>>> b. The procedures must be negotiated with municipal representatives
>>> c. The conduct must fulfill international practice benchmark
>>> d. UN and Indonesia must report the execution to GA of UN
>>> e. Indonesia and Dutch must obey and subjected to the result of
>>> PEPERA
>>>
>>> New York agreement never mentions One Man One Vote.
>>> Instead, New York agreement was made officially to guarantee
>>> transparency
>>> in Self-Determination by involving the instruments of advice,
>>> assistances,
>>> participations of UN and International Community.
>>> Then, also by the official reports to GA of UN.
>>>
>>> In order to conduct the legality and mandate given to UN, UN had
>>> appointed
>>> UN Ambassador from Bolivia, Fernando Ortiz Sanz.
>>>
>>> 1968, 12 August: The arrival of UN Ambassador from Bolivia, Fernando
>>> Ortiz
>>> Sanz to provide advice, assistance, participation, and reports of
>>> self-determination conduction.
>>> 1968, 22 August: The opening of UN Representative in Jayapura
>>> 1969, 4 August: The closing of UN Representative in Jayapura
>>>
>>>
>>> C. Important Notices regarding the dispute of PEPERA legality:
>>>
>>> The New York agreement never specifically mentioned of procedures and
>>> ways to conduct the self-determination.
>>> Therefore the procedures and ways were conducted according the condition
>>> by that time. The condition was considered from the dimensions of social
>>> development, economy, culture, and geography.
>>> The New York agreement did not oblige the system of one man one vote.
>>> There is no any international documents in international law obliging
>>> the
>>> self-determination by one man one vote system.
>>> In order to determine the best way to conduct self-determination in
>>> Papua,
>>> Indonesia had discussed with UN in Jakarta and New York. Based on that
>>> negotiation, Indonesia had sent the official letter to Ambassador
>>> Fernando
>>> Ortiz Sanz by 18 February 1969 regarding the ideas about conduction of
>>> PEPERA
>>>
>>> a. PEPERA was to be conducted by democratic means, using the
>>> consultative in all regional of Papua.
>>>
>>> b. The people consultative is divided by:
>>>
>>> · Regions elected directly by people
>>> · Functional representing political, social, culture, religion
>>> · Traditional contained of directly elected tribes
>>> representatives
>>>
>>> c. This method must be consulted with people of Papua as mentioned
>>> in
>>> New York agreement.
>>>
>>> Based on this idea, UN had declared its readiness to cooperate and
>>> participate in conduction of PEPERA. UN had fully involved in process of
>>> consultation between government and people of Papua regarding PEPERA.
>>>
>>> Finally this method was decided as the best method in conduction of
>>> PEPERA.
>>>
>>> The Djakarta Times / 26 February 1969 issued the headline "UN and the
>>> Netherlands approve Indonesian Policy on Act of Free Choice. It means
>>> The UN
>>> and Dutch Government have approved the policy of Indonesian government
>>> on
>>> the act of free choice in West Irian by way of consultations and not by
>>> the
>>> one-man-one vote system.
>>>
>>> Based on that, PEPERA was done by representatives system.
>>> During the PEPERA from 14 July - 2 August 1969, Vice Secretary General
>>> of UN
>>> had participated actively as stipulated by New York agreement. Before
>>> the
>>> General Assembly of UN, he declared that:
>>>
>>> "The petitions opposing annexation to Indonesia.. Show that without
>>> doubt
>>> certain elements of the population of West Irian held firm convictions
>>> in
>>> favour of independence. Nevertheless the answer given by consultative
>>> assemblies to the questions put to them was a unanimous consensus in
>>> favor
>>> of remaining with Indonesia
>>> Finally on the basis of the facts presented in this report and the
>>> documents
>>> referred to, it can be stated that with the limitations imposed by
>>> geographical characteristics of the territory and the general political
>>> situations in the area, an act of free choice has taken place in West
>>> Irian
>>> in accordance with Indonesian practice, in which the representatives of
>>> the
>>> population have expressed their wish to remain with Indonesia.
>>>
>>> Finally GA of UN / 19 November 1969 had accepted resolution (XXIV).
>>> Then the GA endorsed the conduction of PEPERA in Irian Jaya as agreed
>>> in New York agreement.
>>>
>>>
>>> The resolution is:...
>>> Bearing in the mind that, in accordance with article XX1 paragraph 2
>>> both
>>> parties to the agreement have recognized these results and abide by them
>>> Takes not of the report of the secretary general and acknowledges with
>>> appreciation the fulfillment by the secretary general and his
>>> representative
>>> of the tasks entrusted to them under the agreement of 15 August 1962
>>> between
>>> Republic of Indonesia and Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning West New
>>> Guinea (West Irian)
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Marinir mailing list
>>> Marinir at polarhome.com
>>> http://www.polarhome.com/mailman/listinfo/marinir
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
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