CDFS man page on Plan9

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CDFS(4)								       CDFS(4)

NAME
       cdfs,  cddb  -  optical disc (CD, DVD, BD) track reader and writer file
       system

SYNOPSIS
       cdfs [ -d sddev ] [ -m mtpt ]
       grep aux/cddb /mnt/cd/ctl | rc
       aux/cddb [ -DTt ] [ -s server ] query diskid ntracks track0id ...

DESCRIPTION
       Cdfs serves a one and a half level directory mounted at	mtpt  (default
       /mnt/cd) that provides access to the tracks on discs placed in the disc
       reader or writer named by sddev (default /dev/sdD0,  see	 sd(3)).   Any
       MMC-compliant compact disc (CD), DVD, or Blu-ray disc (BD) drive should
       work.  On DVDs and BDs, access to data tracks only is implemented.

       The top level directory contains one file per disc  track.   The	 files
       are  named  cNNN, where c is a type character (a for audio tracks and d
       for data tracks) and NNN is the track number.

       If the device can write discs and contains a writable  disc,  the  top-
       level  directory also contains an empty directory wd and, for CDs only,
       an empty directory wa.  Files created in these  directories  appear  in
       the  top-level  directory  as  new  data or audio tracks, respectively,
       regardless of name.

       At any time, any number of tracks may be open for reading or  a	single
       track  may  be open for writing.	 Writing a disc track is a quasi-real-
       time operation: the disc writer should be kept saturated with new  data
       to  avoid buffer underruns, but modern drives will be told to cope with
       underruns transparently.	 To ensure saturation,	copying	 from  a  file
       system stored on local disk or memory is recommended.

       BD-R  discs are `formatted' upon first use, for sequential writing with
       spare sectors for hardware defect management, so BD drives  should  not
       report  errors  when  writing BD-R discs; any such errors may be a sign
       that the laser of an old drive is fading.

       To fixate a disc (close a recordable disc by writing its permanent  ta‐
       ble  of contents), simply remove the wa or wd directory.	 The directory
       removed selects whether the disc is fixated as an audio or  data	 disc;
       since  each  track  carries  its own type information, very few readers
       care which fixation type was used.  Rewritable  discs  do  not  require
       fixation.

       The  top	 level	directory also contains a ctl file, into which control
       messages may be echoed.	The current control messages are:

       format Format the rewritable disc (-RW or -RE) in the drive before ini‐
	      tial use.

       blank  Blank the entire rewritable disc in the drive.

       quickblank
	      Blank  only  the table of contents on the rewritable disc in the
	      drive.

       eject  Eject the disc in the drive.

       ingest Ingest a disc into the drive.

       speed kbps
	      Set  the	reading	 and  writing  speed  to  use,	in  units   of
	      1,000-bytes-per-second.	A  value of requests the optimal speed
	      for the current drive and disc.  CD speed is 154; DVD  speed  is
	      1350;  BD speed is 4608.	Drives may round down the speed to one
	      they support.  To set reading  and  writing  speeds  separately,
	      prefix  the speeds with read or write, as in speed write 8192 or
	      speed read 16384 write 8192.  Note that most  drives  reset  the
	      reading and writing speed each time a new disc is inserted.

       Reading	the ctl file yields information about the drive.  If the drive
       contains an audio CD, the first line will be an aux/cddb	 command  that
       can be run to query an internet CD database to get a table of contents.
       Subsequent lines contain the current and maximum	 reading  and  writing
       speeds.	Additional lines may further describe the current disc.

       Aux/cddb	 takes 4 optional arguments.  The -s option makes aux/cddb use
       server for the query instead of The -D option causes the	 raw  database
       response	 from  the  server  to	be  dumped to standard output.	The -t
       option causes the time of each track to be appended to the normal  out‐
       put.  -T is like -t but prints a final line with the total time.

EXAMPLES
       Backup to a BD-R disc:

	      9fs boot
	      cdfs
	      tar cf /mnt/cd/wd/x /n/boot

       Copy the audio tracks from a CD:

	      cdfs -d /dev/sd05
	      mkdir /tmp/songs
	      cp /mnt/cd/a* /tmp/songs

       Copy  the tracks onto a blank CD inserted in the drive, and then fixate
       the disk as an audio CD.

	      cp /tmp/songs/* /mnt/cd/wa
	      rm /mnt/cd/wa

SOURCE
       /sys/src/cmd/cdfs

SEE ALSO
       pump(1), sd(3), 9660srv (in dossrv(4)), mk9660(8)
       http://www.t10.org
	      optical disc interface standards, notably	 Multi-Media  Commands
	      (MMC)

BUGS
       Fixating	 a  BD-R  disc records only the first track in the disc's TOC.
       Any other tracks are still there and their data accessible  via	sd(3).
       There's	no  need  to  fixate  data discs, except to prevent adding new
       tracks.

       Closing a just-written DVD-R track can take  minutes  while  the	 drive
       burns  the  unused  part of the track reservation (for the whole disc).
       Thus only a single DVD-R track can be written  on  a  DVD-R  disc;  use
       other media if you need more than one track per disc.

       There  are  too	many  combinations  of optical media, each with unique
       quirks, approximately the cross-product of these tuples: (CD DVD-  DVD+
       BD),  (-ROM -R -RW), (single-layer dual-layer), plus oddities like DVD-
       RAM.  Triple- and quad-layer  BD	 drives	 and  discs  are  starting  to
       appear.

       Only MMC-compliant disc readers and writers are supported, but it would
       be easy to add support for early CD writers if desired.

       Cdfs can take some seconds to figure out that it has a BD in the	 drive
       and how many layers are on the disc.

								       CDFS(4)
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