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INDENT(1)		  BSD General Commands Manual		     INDENT(1)

NAME
     indent — indent and format C program source

SYNOPSIS
     indent [input-file [output-file]] [-bad | -nbad] [-bap | -nbap]
	    [-bbb | -nbbb] [-bc | -nbc] [-bl] [-br] [-cn] [-cdn]
	    [-cdb | -ncdb] [-ce | -nce] [-cin] [-clin] [-dn] [-din]
	    [-fc1 | -nfc1] [-in] [-ip | -nip] [-ln] [-lcn] [-lp | -nlp]
	    [-npro] [-pcs | -npcs] [-psl | -npsl] [-sc | -nsc] [-sob | -nsob]
	    [-st] [-troff] [-v | -nv]

DESCRIPTION
     Indent is a C program formatter.  It reformats the C program in the
     input-file according to the switches.  The switches which can be speci‐
     fied are described below. They may appear before or after the file names.

     NOTE: If you only specify an input-file, the formatting is done `in-
     place', that is, the formatted file is written back into input-file and a
     backup copy of input-file is written in the current directory.  If
     input-file is named ‘/blah/blah/file’, the backup file is named file.BAK.

     If output-file is specified, indent checks to make sure it is different
     from input-file.

     The options listed below control the formatting style imposed by indent.

     -bad, -nbad     If -bad is specified, a blank line is forced after every
		     block of declarations.  Default: -nbad.

     -bap, -nbap     If -bap is specified, a blank line is forced after every
		     procedure body.  Default: -nbap.

     -bbb, -nbbb     If -bbb is specified, a blank line is forced before every
		     block comment.  Default: -nbbb.

     -bc, -nbc	     If -bc is specified, then a newline is forced after each
		     comma in a declaration.  -nbc turns off this option.  The
		     default is -bc.

     -br, -bl	     Specifying -bl lines up compound statements like this:

			   if (...)
			   {
			     code
			   }

		     Specifying -br (the default) makes them look like this:

			   if (...) {
			     code
			   }

     -c -n	     The column in which comments on code start.  The default
		     is 33.

     -cd -n	     The column in which comments on declarations start.  The
		     default is for these comments to start in the same column
		     as those on code.

     -cdb, -ncdb     Enables (disables) the placement of comment delimiters on
		     blank lines.  With this option enabled, comments look
		     like this:

				   /*
				   * this is a comment
				   */

		     Rather than like this:

				   /* this is a comment */

		     This only affects block comments, not comments to the
		     right of code.  The default is -cdb.

     -ce, -nce	     Enables (disables) forcing `else's to cuddle up to the
		     immediately preceding `}'.	 The default is -ce.

     -cin	     Sets the continuation indent to be n.  Continuation lines
		     will be indented that far from the beginning of the first
		     line of the statement.  Parenthesized expressions have
		     extra indentation added to indicate the nesting, unless
		     -lp is in effect.	-ci defaults to the same value as -i.

     -clin	     Causes case labels to be indented n tab stops to the
		     right of the containing switch statement.	-cli0 -.5
		     causes case labels to be indented half a tab stop.	 The
		     default is -cli0.

     -dn	     Controls the placement of comments which are not to the
		     right of code.  The default -d1 means that such comments
		     are placed one indentation level to the left of code.
		     Specifying -d0 lines up these comments with the code.
		     See the section on comment indentation below.

     -din	     Specifies the indentation, in character positions, from a
		     declaration keyword to the following identifier.  The
		     default is -di16.

     -dj, -ndj	     -dj left justifies declarations.  -ndj indents declara‐
		     tions the same as code.  The default is -ndj.

     -ei, -nei	     Enables (disables) special else-if processing.  If it's
		     enabled, an if following an else will have the same
		     indentation as the preceding if statement.

     -fc1, -nfc1     Enables (disables) the formatting of comments that start
		     in column 1.  Often, comments whose leading `/' is in
		     column 1 have been carefully hand formatted by the pro‐
		     grammer.  In such cases, -nfc1 should be used.  The
		     default is -fc1.

     -in	     The number of spaces for one indentation level.  The
		     default is 4.

     -ip, -nip	     Enables (disables) the indentation of parameter declara‐
		     tions from the left margin.  The default is -ip.

     -ln	     Maximum length of an output line.	The default is 75.

     -lp, -nlp	     Lines up code surrounded by parenthesis in continuation
		     lines.  If a line has a left paren which is not closed on
		     that line, then continuation lines will be lined up to
		     start at the character position just after the left
		     paren.  For example, here is how a piece of continued
		     code looks with -nlp in effect:

			   p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
			     third_procedure(p4,p5));

		     With -lp in effect (the default) the code looks somewhat
		     clearer:

			   p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
						third_procedure(p4,p5));

		     Inserting two more newlines we get:

			   p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,
								 p3),
						third_procedure(p4
								p5));

     -npro	     Causes the profile files, ‘./.indent.pro’ and
		     ‘~/.indent.pro’, to be ignored.

     -pcs, -npcs     If true (-pcs) all procedure calls will have a space
		     inserted between the name and the `('.  The default is
		     -npcs.

     -psl, -npsl     If true (-psl) the names of procedures being defined are
		     placed in column 1 - their types, if any, will be left on
		     the previous lines.  The default is -psl.

     -sc, -nsc	     Enables (disables) the placement of asterisks (`*'s) at
		     the left edge of all comments.

     -sob, -nsob     If -sob is specified, indent will swallow optional blank
		     lines.  You can use this to get rid of blank lines after
		     declarations.  Default: -nsob.

     -st	     Causes indent to take its input from stdin, and put its
		     output to stdout.

     -Ttypename	     Adds typename to the list of type keywords.  Names accu‐
		     mulate: -T can be specified more than once.  You need to
		     specify all the typenames that appear in your program
		     that are defined by typedef - nothing will be harmed if
		     you miss a few, but the program won't be formatted as
		     nicely as it should.  This sounds like a painful thing to
		     have to do, but it's really a symptom of a problem in C:
		     typedef causes a syntactic change in the language and
		     indent can't find all instances of typedef.

     -troff	     Causes indent to format the program for processing by
		     troff(1).	It will produce a fancy listing in much the
		     same spirit as vgrind(1).	If the output file is not
		     specified, the default is standard output, rather than
		     formatting in place.

     -v, -nv	     -v turns on `verbose' mode; -nv turns it off.  When in
		     verbose mode, indent reports when it splits one line of
		     input into two or more lines of output, and gives some
		     size statistics at completion. The default is -nv.

     You may set up your own `profile' of defaults to indent by creating a
     file called .indent.pro in your login directory and/or the current direc‐
     tory and including whatever switches you like.  A `.indent.pro' in the
     current directory takes precedence over the one in your login directory.
     If indent is run and a profile file exists, then it is read to set up the
     program's defaults.  Switches on the command line, though, always over‐
     ride profile switches.  The switches should be separated by spaces, tabs
     or newlines.

   Comments
     ‘Box’ comments.  Indent assumes that any comment with a dash or star
     immediately after the start of comment (that is, `/*-' or `/**') is a
     comment surrounded by a box of stars.  Each line of such a comment is
     left unchanged, except that its indentation may be adjusted to account
     for the change in indentation of the first line of the comment.

     Straight text.  All other comments are treated as straight text.  Indent
     fits as many words (separated by blanks, tabs, or newlines) on a line as
     possible.	Blank lines break paragraphs.

   Comment indentation
     If a comment is on a line with code it is started in the `comment col‐
     umn', which is set by the -cn command line parameter.  Otherwise, the
     comment is started at n indentation levels less than where code is cur‐
     rently being placed, where n is specified by the -dn command line parame‐
     ter.  If the code on a line extends past the comment column, the comment
     starts further to the right, and the right margin may be automatically
     extended in extreme cases.

   Preprocessor lines
     In general, indent leaves preprocessor lines alone.  The only reformat‐
     ting that it will do is to straighten up trailing comments.  It leaves
     embedded comments alone.  Conditional compilation (#ifdef...#endif) is
     recognized and indent attempts to correctly compensate for the syntactic
     peculiarities introduced.

   C syntax
     Indent understands a substantial amount about the syntax of C, but it has
     a `forgiving' parser.  It attempts to cope with the usual sorts of incom‐
     plete and misformed syntax.  In particular, the use of macros like:

	   #define forever for(;;)

     is handled properly.

ENVIRONMENT
     Indent uses the HOME environment variable.

FILES
     ./.indent.pro  profile file
     ~/.indent.pro  profile file

HISTORY
     The indent command appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS
     Indent has even more switches than ls(1).

     A common mistake that often causes grief is typing:

	   indent *.c

     to the shell in an attempt to indent all the C programs in a directory.
     This is probably a bug, not a feature.

4.2 Berkeley Distribution	 July 1, 1993	     4.2 Berkeley Distribution
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