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Japanese(5)							   Japanese(5)

NAME
       Japanese, japanese - Introduction to Japanese language support

DESCRIPTION
       There  are  two	national standards that specify the Japanese character
       sets used for information interchange. The JIS X0201 standard specifies
       a single-byte character set that consists of Roman letters and Katakana
       characters.  The JIS X0208 standard specifies a primary set of Japanese
       ideographic  characters.	  The operating system supports both standards
       with coded character sets (codesets), locales, device, and other	 kinds
       of system files.

   Codesets
       There are several codesets available to support Japanese. The following
       list describes both the codesets and the	 strings  that	represent  the
       codesets	 in  the  names	 of  locales, codeset converters, or both: See
       deckanji(5) for more information about the  DEC	Kanji  codeset.	  This
       codeset,	 which	is similar to ISO 2022-JP, is handled by conversion to
       Tru64 UNIX Japanese codesets.  This Fujitsu codeset is handled by  con‐
       version	to  Tru64  UNIX	 Japanese  codesets. See iconv_JEF(5) for more
       information.  This Hitachi codeset is handled by	 conversion  to	 Tru64
       UNIX  Japanese  codesets. See iconv_KEIS(5) for more information.  This
       IBM mainframe codeset is handled by conversion to Tru64	UNIX  Japanese
       codesets.  See iconv_ibmkanji(5) for more information.  The default Ja‐
       panese codeset. See eucJP(5) for more information  about	 the  Japanese
       EUC codeset.  See sdeckanji(5) for more information about the Super DEC
       Kanji codeset.  The Shift JIS encoding format is identical to  the  Mi‐
       crosoft code-page (cp932) format used on PC systems. Therefore, you can
       use codeset converters whose names contain SJIS to convert data to  and
       from cp932 format.

	      See  shiftjis(5)	for more information about the Shift JIS code‐
	      set.  JIS KANJI characters  can  be  either  JIS7	 (representing
	      characters  in  7-bit bytes) or JIS8 (representing characters in
	      8-bit bytes). Depending on the kana input value, the string that
	      represents  the  JIS7  codeset  in  a  codeset converter name is
	      either jis7, JIS7, or jiskanji7.

	      JIS KANJI codesets are supported only for conversion  operations
	      as  indicated  by	 the  following table.	These codesets are not
	      supported by locales or for direct input and output.

	      ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
	      Codeset	  Codeset Conversion   Terminal Code Conversion
	      ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
	      jis7	  Yes		       Yes
	      jiskanji7	  Yes		       No
	      jis8	  No		       Yes
	      ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

	      See jiskanji(5) for more information about JIS  KANJI  codesets,
	      stty(1)  for  information	 about	terminal  code conversion, and
	      iconv_intro(5) for information about  codeset  conversion.   The
	      ISO 2022-JP codeset is supported only for codeset conversion. It
	      is not supported by locales, for terminal	 code  conversion,  or
	      for direct input and output.

	      See  ISO-2022-JP(5)  for	more information about the ISO 2022-JP
	      codeset.	The ISO 2022-JPext codeset (which is an extended  ver‐
	      sion  of	ISO 2022-JP) is supported only for codeset conversion.
	      It is not supported by locales, for terminal code conversion, or
	      for direct input and output.

	      See  ISO-2022-JP(5)  for more information about the Extended ISO
	      2022-JP codeset.	These  encoding	 formats  are  supported  only
	      through  locales	or  codeset  converters, not for terminal code
	      conversion or for direct input and output.

	      See Unicode(5) for more information about UCS formats.  See Uni‐
	      code(5) for more information about UTF-8.

   Locales
       The  following  list specifies Japanese locales for Japan and the code‐
       sets they support:

       ja_JP.deckanji, for DEC Kanji
       ja_JP.eucJP, for Japanese EUC (the default Japanese locale)
       ja_JP.sdeckanji, for Super DEC Kanji
       ja_JP.SJIS, for Shift JIS
       ja_JP.UTF-8, for UTF-8

       The ja_JP.deckanji@ucs4 and ja_JP.SJIS@ucs4 locale variants  exist  for
       applications that need to convert file data in deckanji and SJIS format
       to UCS-4 process code to perform certain character-classification oper‐
       ations.	 The  ja_JP.UTF-8  locale  also	 uses UCS-4 format for process
       code, but supports file code that conforms to the Unicode and ISO 10646
       standards.

       You  can use the locale command (see locale(1)) to display the names of
       locales installed on your system. See i18n_intro(5) for information  on
       setting locale from the operating system command line.

       In  the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), you also need to set the ses‐
       sion language. To do this, use the Language menu that is accessed  from
       the Options button of the Login window.

   Japanese-Specific Character Properties
       The  Japanese locales (including the @ucs4 variants) define the follow‐
       ing properties (or classes) for characters: Characters  for  which  the
       isascii()  function  returns  a	nonzero	 (TRUE) value English-language
       characters as defined by the System V Multi-National Language  Specifi‐
       cation  (MNLS)  User-defined  and  vendor-defined  characters (UDCs and
       VDCs) Ideographic characters as defined by the System V	Multi-National
       Language	 Specification (MNLS) Digit characters as defined by JIS X0208
       Katakana characters and the voiced,  semivoiced,	 and  prolonged	 sound
       marks  as  defined  by  JIS X0201 Hiragana characters as defined by JIS
       X0208 All printable characters as defined by JIS X0201  All  printable,
       right-hand  side characters as defined by JIS X0201 All printable char‐
       acters as defined by JIS X0208 All printable characters as  defined  by
       JIS  X012  Kanji	 characters as defined by JIS X0208 and JIS X0212, the
       Kanji iteration mark as defined in JIS X 0208, and the Han-numeral zero
       as defined by JIS X0208 Katakana characters as defined by JIS X0201 and
       JIS X0208; the voiced, semivoiced, and prolonged sound marks as defined
       by  JIS X0208 and JIS X0201; the Katakana iteration marks as defined by
       JIS X0208 Kana bracket characters as  defined  by  JIS  X0201  and  the
       parentheses  characters	as defined by JIS X0208 The space character as
       defined by JIS X0208 Line-drawing characters as defined	by  JIS	 X0208
       Numbers	as  defined by the System V Multi-National Language Specifica‐
       tion (MNLS) Parentheses and other paired	 symbols  as  defined  by  JIS
       X0201  and  JIS	X0208  Phonograms  as  defined	by the System V Multi-
       National Language Specification (MNLS) Special characters as defined by
       the  System V Multi-National Language Specification (MNLS) User-defined
       characters Vendor-defined characters

       These properties supplement the ones specified  by  the	XSH  standard.
       Refer  to locale(4), wctype(3), and iswctype(3) for general information
       about how characters are assigned properties in locales and how	appli‐
       cations test characters for supplemental properties.

   Keyboards, Servers, and Input Methods
       The operating system supports the following Japanese keyboards: A Japa‐
       nese version of the LK411 keyboard.  This model does not	 have  special
       keys  for Japanese input methods.  A Japanese version of the LK411 key‐
       board.  A Japanese version of the LK411 keyboard.  This model  provides
       UNIX  layout  and  special keys for Japanese input methods.  A Japanese
       version of the LK97W keyboard.  This model has special keys  for	 Japa‐
       nese input methods.  A Japanese version of the PC keyboard.  This model
       has special keys for Japanese input methods.

       For the Motif environment, the  operating  system  provides  the	 dxjim
       input server to support Japanese input methods. For a CDE session, this
       input server is started automatically if your session language  is  set
       to  Japanese  at	 login time. Refer to the dxjim(1X) reference page for
       more information about this input server and how to start it  from  the
       command line.

       There  are  two	main mechanisms for entering Japanese characters: Kana
       input, for entering Kana characters

	      The Kana input mechanism is provided by the firmware of Japanese
	      video  terminals	(see  the  Japanese Terminals section).	 Input
	      methods, for entering two-byte Kanji  characters,	 Kana  charac‐
	      ters,  letters,  and symbols defined in JIS X0208. Input methods
	      allow characters to be entered and converted  to	other  charac‐
	      ters. The four input methods are as follows:

	      Romaji-to-Kanji
	      Kana-to-Kanji
	      Internal Code
	      JIS Ku-ten Code

       In  the	Motif  environment, you must load a Japanese key mapping table
       (keymap) that is appropriate for your  keyboard.	 See  keyboard(5)  for
       information on loading a keymap.

       All  the	 Japanese  keyboards  and  keymaps  support locking-shift mode
       switching.  In other words, you can enter  English  characters  in  the
       Mode  Switch Off state and Kana characters in the Mode Switch On state.
       The keys used to toggle the input mode differ according to whether  you
       are  using  a  Japanese	VT  terminal or, in the Motif environment, the
       keymap that has been loaded.  For Japanese VT terminals, press the Com‐
       pose  key.  In the Motif environment press the Compose, or Comp, key if
       there is one. Otherwise, press the  right  Ctrl	key.  These  keys  are
       defaults and can be changed by the user.

   Japanese Terminals
       The  operating system supports the VT282-J, VT382-J, and VT383-J termi‐
       nals for Japanese.

   Running Motif Applications
       X or Motif applications require non-ASCII  fonts	 to  display  Japanese
       characters.  This  means	 that  the font path must be set appropriately
       before starting an application that displays  Japanese  characters.  An
       application can find Japanese fonts in either of the following directo‐
       ries: /usr/i18n/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/75dpi, for low resolution  display
       /usr/i18n/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/100dpi, for high resolution display

       For  applications running under CDE, Japanese screen fonts are found as
       long as they are installed on the system or made	 available  through  a
       remote font server. In other environments, you may need to use the fol‐
       lowing command to check the font path before running a Japanese	appli‐
       cation: % xset q

       If  one	of  the	 directories  in the preceding list is not in the font
       path, the following example shows how to add  the  directory.  You  can
       substitute 100dp for 75dpi if you want high resolution display.	% xset
       +fp /usr/i18n/lib/X11/decwin/75dpi/ % xset fp rehash

   Printers
       The operating system supports  the  following  Japanese	printers.  The
       associated  print  filter is noted in parentheses following the printer
       name.  Japanese dot-matrix printers

	      LA84-J (la84of)
	      LA86-J (la86of)
	      LA90-J (la90of)
	      LA280-J (la280of)
	      Japanese graphic line printers

	      LA380-J (la380of)
	      Japanese laser printers

	      LN03-J (ln03jaof)
	      LN05-J (ln05jaof)
	      Japanese PostScript printers

	      LN82R (ln82rof)

       PostScript fonts for Japanese printers are printer resident.  To	 print
       Japanese text on generic PostScript printers, you can customize a print
       filter to convert Japanese bitmap fonts to  PostScript  font  encoding.
       Refer to wwpsof(8) for more information.

       See  i18n_printing(5)  for  a  general  discussion  of  printer support
       options.

SEE ALSO
       Commands: asort(1),  locale(1),	lp(1),	lpr(1),	 dxjim(1X),  xset(1X),
       lpd(8), lprsetup(8)

       Files: printcap(4)

       Others: code_page(5), deckanji(5), eucJP(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_print‐
       ing(5), iconv_ibmkanji(5), iconv_intro(5), iconv_JEF(5), iconv_KEIS(5),
       iso2022jp(5),  jiskanji(5),  keyboard(5),  l10n_intro(5), sdeckanji(5),
       shiftjis(5), Unicode(5)

       Using International Software

								   Japanese(5)
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