MALLOC_INFO man page on Gentoo

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MALLOC_INFO(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		MALLOC_INFO(3)

NAME
       malloc_info - export malloc state to a stream

SYNOPSIS
       #include <malloc.h>

       int malloc_info(int options, FILE *fp);

DESCRIPTION
       The  malloc_info()  function  exports  an XML string that describes the
       current state of the memory-allocation implementation  in  the  caller.
       The  string  is	printed	 on  the  file stream fp.  The exported string
       includes information about all arenas (see malloc(3)).

       As currently implemented, options must be zero.

RETURN VALUE
       On success, malloc_info() returns 0; on	error,	it  returns  -1,  with
       errno set to indicate the cause.

ERRORS
       EINVAL options was nonzero.

VERSIONS
       malloc_info() was added to glibc in version 2.10.

CONFORMING TO
       This function is a GNU extension.

NOTES
       The  memory-allocation information is provided as an XML string (rather
       than a C structure)  because  the  information  may  change  over  time
       (according  to  changes	in the underlying implementation).  The output
       XML string includes a version field.

       The open_memstream(3) function can be used to send the output  of  mal‐
       loc_info() directly into a buffer in memory, rather than to a file.

       The  malloc_info() function is designed to address deficiencies in mal‐
       loc_stats(3) and mallinfo(3).

EXAMPLE
       The program below takes up to four command-line arguments, of which the
       first  three are mandatory.  The first argument specifies the number of
       threads that the program should create.	All of the threads,  including
       the  main  thread, allocate the number of blocks of memory specified by
       the second argument.  The third	argument  controls  the	 size  of  the
       blocks  to  be allocated.  The main thread creates blocks of this size,
       the second thread created by the program allocates blocks of twice this
       size,  the  third thread allocates blocks of three times this size, and
       so on.

       The program calls malloc_info() twice to display the  memory-allocation
       state.	The  first  call takes place before any threads are created or
       memory allocated.  The second call is performed after all threads  have
       allocated memory.

       In  the	following example, the command-line arguments specify the cre‐
       ation of one additional thread, and both the main thread and the	 addi‐
       tional  thread  allocate	 10000	blocks of memory.  After the blocks of
       memory have been allocated, malloc_info() shows the state of two	 allo‐
       cation arenas.

	   $ getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION
	   glibc 2.13
	   $ ./a.out 1 10000 100
	   ============ Before allocating blocks ============
	   <malloc version="1">
	   <heap nr="0">
	   <sizes>
	   </sizes>
	   <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <system type="current" size="135168"/>
	   <system type="max" size="135168"/>
	   <aspace type="total" size="135168"/>
	   <aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/>
	   </heap>
	   <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <system type="current" size="135168"/>
	   <system type="max" size="135168"/>
	   <aspace type="total" size="135168"/>
	   <aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/>
	   </malloc>

	   ============ After allocating blocks ============
	   <malloc version="1">
	   <heap nr="0">
	   <sizes>
	   </sizes>
	   <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <system type="current" size="1081344"/>
	   <system type="max" size="1081344"/>
	   <aspace type="total" size="1081344"/>
	   <aspace type="mprotect" size="1081344"/>
	   </heap>
	   <heap nr="1">
	   <sizes>
	   </sizes>
	   <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <system type="current" size="1032192"/>
	   <system type="max" size="1032192"/>
	   <aspace type="total" size="1032192"/>
	   <aspace type="mprotect" size="1032192"/>
	   </heap>
	   <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
	   <system type="current" size="2113536"/>
	   <system type="max" size="2113536"/>
	   <aspace type="total" size="2113536"/>
	   <aspace type="mprotect" size="2113536"/>
	   </malloc>

   Program source
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <pthread.h>
       #include <malloc.h>
       #include <errno.h>

       static size_t blockSize;
       static int numThreads, numBlocks;

       #define errExit(msg)    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
			       } while (0)

       static void *
       thread_func(void *arg)
       {
	   int j;
	   int tn = (int) arg;

	   /* The multiplier '(2 + tn)' ensures that each thread (including
	      the main thread) allocates a different amount of memory */

	   for (j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++)
	       if (malloc(blockSize * (2 + tn)) == NULL)
		   errExit("malloc-thread");

	   sleep(100);	       /* Sleep until main thread terminates */
	   return NULL;
       }

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
	   int j, tn, sleepTime;
	   pthread_t *thr;

	   if (argc < 4) {
	       fprintf(stderr,
		       "%s num-threads num-blocks block-size [sleep-time]\n",
		       argv[0]);
	       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	   }

	   numThreads = atoi(argv[1]);
	   numBlocks = atoi(argv[2]);
	   blockSize = atoi(argv[3]);
	   sleepTime = (argc > 4) ? atoi(argv[4]) : 0;

	   thr = calloc(numThreads, sizeof(pthread_t));
	   if (thr == NULL)
	       errExit("calloc");

	   printf("============ Before allocating blocks ============\n");
	   malloc_info(0, stdout);

	   /* Create threads that allocate different amounts of memory */

	   for (tn = 0; tn < numThreads; tn++) {
	       errno = pthread_create(&thr[tn], NULL, thread_func,
				      (void *) tn);
	       if (errno != 0)
		   errExit("pthread_create");

	       /* If we add a sleep interval after the start-up of each
		  thread, the threads likely won't contend for malloc
		  mutexes, and therefore additional arenas won't be
		  allocated (see malloc(3)). */

	       if (sleepTime > 0)
		   sleep(sleepTime);
	   }

	   /* The main thread also allocates some memory */

	   for (j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++)
	       if (malloc(blockSize) == NULL)
		   errExit("malloc");

	   sleep(2);	       /* Give all threads a chance to
				  complete allocations */

	   printf("\n============ After allocating blocks ============\n");
	   malloc_info(0, stdout);

	   exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO
       mallinfo(3), malloc(3), malloc_stats(3), mallopt(3), open_memstream(3)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 3.63 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, and information about reporting  bugs,  can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU				  2013-04-19			MALLOC_INFO(3)
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