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ACCESS(2)							     ACCESS(2)

NAME
       access - determine accessibility of file

SYNOPSIS
       #include <libc.h>  /* POSIX applications #include <unistd.h> */

       #define R_OK    4/* test for read permission */
       #define W_OK    2/* test for write permission */
       #define X_OK    1/* test for execute (search) permission */
       #define F_OK    0/* test for presence of file */

       int access(const char *path, int mode);

DESCRIPTION
       The  access function checks the accessibility of the file whose name is
       given by path for the file access permissions indicated by mode.

       The value of mode is either the bitwise	inclusive  OR  of  the	access
       permissions  (R_OK, W_OK and X_OK), or the existence test (F_OK), which
       cause access to check whether the directories leading to the  file  can
       be searched and the file exists.

       The  real  user	ID and the group access list (including the real group
       ID) are used in verifying permission, so this call is useful to set-UID
       programs.

       Notice that only access bits are checked.  A directory may be indicated
       as writable by access but an attempt to open it for writing  will  fail
       (although  files may be created there); a file may look executable, but
       execve(2) will fail unless it is in proper format.

RETURN VALUE
       If path cannot be found or if any of the desired access modes would not
       be  granted,  then  a -1 value is returned and errno is set to indicate
       the error.  Otherwise, a value of zero is returned.

ERRORS
       If any of the following conditions occurs, access returns -1  and  sets
       errno to the corresponding value:

       [EACCES]	      Permission  bits	of  the	 file  mode  do not permit the
		      requested access, or search permission is	 denied	 on  a
		      component	 of  the path prefix.  The owner of a file has
		      permission checked with respect to the  ``owner''	 read,
		      write,  and  execute  mode  bits,	 members of the file's
		      group other than the owner have permission checked  with
		      respect  to the ``group'' mode bits, and all others have
		      permissions checked with respect to the  ``other''  mode
		      bits.

       [EFAULT]	      The path argument points outside the process's allocated
		      address space.

       [EINVAL]	      The pathname contains a character	 with  the  high-order
		      bit set.

       [EIO]	      An  I/O  error occurred while reading from or writing to
		      the file system.

       [ELOOP]	      Too many symbolic links were encountered in  translating
		      the pathname.

       [ENAMETOOLONG] A	 component  of	path  exceeds  255  characters, or the
		      entire pathname  exceeds	1023  characters.   For	 POSIX
		      applications  these  values  are	given by the constants
		      {NAME_MAX} and {PATH_MAX}, respectively.

       [ENOENT]	      The named file does not exist or path points to an empty
		      string.

       [ENOTDIR]      A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

       [EROFS]	      Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file
		      system.

       [ETXTBSY]      Write access is requested for a pure  procedure  (shared
		      text) file that is being executed.

SEE ALSO
       chmod(2), stat(2) or stat(2P)

4th Berkeley Distribution	August 1, 1992			     ACCESS(2)
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