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AS(1)			     GNU Development Tools			 AS(1)

NAME
       AS - the portable GNU assembler.

SYNOPSIS
       as [-a[cdghlns][=file]] [--alternate] [-D]
	[--compress-debug-sections]  [--nocompress-debug-sections]
	[--debug-prefix-map old=new]
	[--defsym sym=val] [-f] [-g] [--gstabs]
	[--gstabs+] [--gdwarf-2] [--help] [-I dir] [-J]
	[-K] [-L] [--listing-lhs-width=NUM]
	[--listing-lhs-width2=NUM] [--listing-rhs-width=NUM]
	[--listing-cont-lines=NUM] [--keep-locals] [-o
	objfile] [-R] [--reduce-memory-overheads] [--statistics]
	[-v] [-version] [--version] [-W] [--warn]
	[--fatal-warnings] [-w] [-x] [-Z] [@FILE]
	[--size-check=[error|warning]]
	[--target-help] [target-options]
	[--|files ...]

       Target Alpha options:
	  [-mcpu]
	  [-mdebug | -no-mdebug]
	  [-replace | -noreplace]
	  [-relax] [-g] [-Gsize]
	  [-F] [-32addr]

       Target ARC options:
	  [-marc[5|6|7|8]]
	  [-EB|-EL]

       Target ARM options:
	  [-mcpu=processor[+extension...]]
	  [-march=architecture[+extension...]]
	  [-mfpu=floating-point-format]
	  [-mfloat-abi=abi]
	  [-meabi=ver]
	  [-mthumb]
	  [-EB|-EL]
	  [-mapcs-32|-mapcs-26|-mapcs-float|
	   -mapcs-reentrant]
	  [-mthumb-interwork] [-k]

       Target Blackfin options:
	  [-mcpu=processor[-sirevision]]
	  [-mfdpic]
	  [-mno-fdpic]
	  [-mnopic]

       Target CRIS options:
	  [--underscore | --no-underscore]
	  [--pic] [-N]
	  [--emulation=criself | --emulation=crisaout]
	  [--march=v0_v10 | --march=v10 | --march=v32 |
       --march=common_v10_v32]

       Target D10V options:
	  [-O]

       Target D30V options:
	  [-O|-n|-N]

       Target H8/300 options:
	  [-h-tick-hex]

       Target i386 options:
	  [--32|--64] [-n]
	  [-march=CPU[+EXTENSION...]] [-mtune=CPU]

       Target i960 options:
	  [-ACA|-ACA_A|-ACB|-ACC|-AKA|-AKB|
	   -AKC|-AMC]
	  [-b] [-no-relax]

       Target IA-64 options:
	  [-mconstant-gp|-mauto-pic]
	  [-milp32|-milp64|-mlp64|-mp64]
	  [-mle|mbe]
	  [-mtune=itanium1|-mtune=itanium2]
	  [-munwind-check=warning|-munwind-check=error]
	  [-mhint.b=ok|-mhint.b=warning|-mhint.b=error]
	  [-x|-xexplicit] [-xauto] [-xdebug]

       Target IP2K options:
	  [-mip2022|-mip2022ext]

       Target M32C options:
	  [-m32c|-m16c] [-relax] [-h-tick-hex]

       Target M32R options:
	  [--m32rx|--[no-]warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts|
	  --W[n]p]

       Target M680X0 options:
	  [-l] [-m68000|-m68010|-m68020|...]

       Target M68HC11 options:
	  [-m68hc11|-m68hc12|-m68hcs12]
	  [-mshort|-mlong]
	  [-mshort-double|-mlong-double]
	  [--force-long-branches] [--short-branches]
	  [--strict-direct-mode] [--print-insn-syntax]
	  [--print-opcodes] [--generate-example]

       Target MCORE options:
	  [-jsri2bsr] [-sifilter] [-relax]
	  [-mcpu=[210|340]] Target MICROBLAZE options:

       Target MIPS options:
	  [-nocpp] [-EL] [-EB] [-O[optimization level]]
	  [-g[debug level]] [-G num] [-KPIC] [-call_shared]
	  [-non_shared] [-xgot [-mvxworks-pic]
	  [-mabi=ABI] [-32] [-n32] [-64] [-mfp32] [-mgp32]
	  [-march=CPU] [-mtune=CPU] [-mips1] [-mips2]
	  [-mips3] [-mips4] [-mips5] [-mips32] [-mips32r2]
	  [-mips64] [-mips64r2]
	  [-construct-floats] [-no-construct-floats]
	  [-trap] [-no-break] [-break] [-no-trap]
	  [-mips16] [-no-mips16]
	  [-msmartmips] [-mno-smartmips]
	  [-mips3d] [-no-mips3d]
	  [-mdmx] [-no-mdmx]
	  [-mdsp] [-mno-dsp]
	  [-mdspr2] [-mno-dspr2]
	  [-mmt] [-mno-mt]
	  [-mfix7000] [-mno-fix7000]
	  [-mfix-vr4120] [-mno-fix-vr4120]
	  [-mfix-vr4130] [-mno-fix-vr4130]
	  [-mdebug] [-no-mdebug]
	  [-mpdr] [-mno-pdr]

       Target MMIX options:
	  [--fixed-special-register-names] [--globalize-symbols]
	  [--gnu-syntax] [--relax] [--no-predefined-symbols]
	  [--no-expand] [--no-merge-gregs] [-x]
	  [--linker-allocated-gregs]

       Target PDP11 options:
	  [-mpic|-mno-pic] [-mall] [-mno-extensions]
	  [-mextension|-mno-extension]
	  [-mcpu] [-mmachine]

       Target picoJava options:
	  [-mb|-me]

       Target PowerPC options:
	  [-a32|-a64]
	  [-mpwrx|-mpwr2|-mpwr|-m601|-mppc|-mppc32|-m603|-m604|-m403|-m405|
	   -m440|-m464|-m476|-m7400|-m7410|-m7450|-m7455|-m750cl|-mppc64|
	   -m620|-me500|-e500x2|-me500mc|-me500mc64|-mppc64bridge|-mbooke|
	   -mpower4|-mpr4|-mpower5|-mpwr5|-mpwr5x|-mpower6|-mpwr6|
	   -mpower7|-mpw7|-ma2|-mcell|-mspe|-mtitan|-me300|-mcom]
	  [-many] [-maltivec|-mvsx]
	  [-mregnames|-mno-regnames]
	  [-mrelocatable|-mrelocatable-lib|-K PIC] [-memb]
	  [-mlittle|-mlittle-endian|-le|-mbig|-mbig-endian|-be]
	  [-msolaris|-mno-solaris]
	  [-nops=count]

       Target RX options:
	  [-mlittle-endian|-mbig-endian]
	  [-m32bit-ints|-m16bit-ints]
	  [-m32bit-doubles|-m64bit-doubles]

       Target s390 options:
	  [-m31|-m64] [-mesa|-mzarch] [-march=CPU]
	  [-mregnames|-mno-regnames]
	  [-mwarn-areg-zero]

       Target SCORE options:
	  [-EB][-EL][-FIXDD][-NWARN]
	  [-SCORE5][-SCORE5U][-SCORE7][-SCORE3]
	  [-march=score7][-march=score3]
	  [-USE_R1][-KPIC][-O0][-G num][-V]

       Target SPARC options:
	  [-Av6|-Av7|-Av8|-Asparclet|-Asparclite
	   -Av8plus|-Av8plusa|-Av9|-Av9a]
	  [-xarch=v8plus|-xarch=v8plusa] [-bump]
	  [-32|-64]

       Target TIC54X options:
	[-mcpu=54[123589]|-mcpu=54[56]lp] [-mfar-mode|-mf]
	[-merrors-to-file <filename>|-me <filename>]

       Target TIC6X options:
	  [-march=arch] [-matomic|-mno-atomic]
	  [-mbig-endian|-mlittle-endian] [-mdsbt|-mno-dsbt]
	  [-mpid=no|-mpid=near|-mpid=far] [-mpic|-mno-pic]

       Target Z80 options:
	 [-z80] [-r800]
	 [ -ignore-undocumented-instructions] [-Wnud]
	 [ -ignore-unportable-instructions] [-Wnup]
	 [ -warn-undocumented-instructions] [-Wud]
	 [ -warn-unportable-instructions] [-Wup]
	 [ -forbid-undocumented-instructions] [-Fud]
	 [ -forbid-unportable-instructions] [-Fup]

       Target Xtensa options:
	[--[no-]text-section-literals] [--[no-]absolute-literals]
	[--[no-]target-align] [--[no-]longcalls]
	[--[no-]transform]
	[--rename-section oldname=newname]

DESCRIPTION
       GNU as is really a family of assemblers.	 If you use (or have used) the
       GNU assembler on one architecture, you should find a fairly similar
       environment when you use it on another architecture.  Each version has
       much in common with the others, including object file formats, most
       assembler directives (often called pseudo-ops) and assembler syntax.

       as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler
       "gcc" for use by the linker "ld".  Nevertheless, we've tried to make as
       assemble correctly everything that other assemblers for the same
       machine would assemble.	Any exceptions are documented explicitly.
       This doesn't mean as always uses the same syntax as another assembler
       for the same architecture; for example, we know of several incompatible
       versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.

       Each time you run as it assembles exactly one source program.  The
       source program is made up of one or more files.	(The standard input is
       also a file.)

       You give as a command line that has zero or more input file names.  The
       input files are read (from left file name to right).  A command line
       argument (in any position) that has no special meaning is taken to be
       an input file name.

       If you give as no file names it attempts to read one input file from
       the as standard input, which is normally your terminal.	You may have
       to type ctl-D to tell as there is no more program to assemble.

       Use -- if you need to explicitly name the standard input file in your
       command line.

       If the source is empty, as produces a small, empty object file.

       as may write warnings and error messages to the standard error file
       (usually your terminal).	 This should not happen when  a compiler runs
       as automatically.  Warnings report an assumption made so that as could
       keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a grave problem that
       stops the assembly.

       If you are invoking as via the GNU C compiler, you can use the -Wa
       option to pass arguments through to the assembler.  The assembler
       arguments must be separated from each other (and the -Wa) by commas.
       For example:

	       gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c

       This passes two options to the assembler: -alh (emit a listing to
       standard output with high-level and assembly source) and -L (retain
       local symbols in the symbol table).

       Usually you do not need to use this -Wa mechanism, since many compiler
       command-line options are automatically passed to the assembler by the
       compiler.  (You can call the GNU compiler driver with the -v option to
       see precisely what options it passes to each compilation pass,
       including the assembler.)

OPTIONS
       @file
	   Read command-line options from file.	 The options read are inserted
	   in place of the original @file option.  If file does not exist, or
	   cannot be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not
	   removed.

	   Options in file are separated by whitespace.	 A whitespace
	   character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
	   option in either single or double quotes.  Any character (including
	   a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be
	   included with a backslash.  The file may itself contain additional
	   @file options; any such options will be processed recursively.

       -a[cdghlmns]
	   Turn on listings, in any of a variety of ways:

	   -ac omit false conditionals

	   -ad omit debugging directives

	   -ag include general information, like as version and options passed

	   -ah include high-level source

	   -al include assembly

	   -am include macro expansions

	   -an omit forms processing

	   -as include symbols

	   =file
	       set the name of the listing file

	   You may combine these options; for example, use -aln for assembly
	   listing without forms processing.  The =file option, if used, must
	   be the last one.  By itself, -a defaults to -ahls.

       --alternate
	   Begin in alternate macro mode.

       --compress-debug-sections
	   Compress DWARF debug sections using zlib.  The debug sections are
	   renamed to begin with .zdebug, and the resulting object file may
	   not be compatible with older linkers and object file utilities.

       --nocompress-debug-sections
	   Do not compress DWARF debug sections.  This is the default.

       -D  Ignored.  This option is accepted for script compatibility with
	   calls to other assemblers.

       --debug-prefix-map old=new
	   When assembling files in directory old, record debugging
	   information describing them as in new instead.

       --defsym sym=value
	   Define the symbol sym to be value before assembling the input file.
	   value must be an integer constant.  As in C, a leading 0x indicates
	   a hexadecimal value, and a leading 0 indicates an octal value.  The
	   value of the symbol can be overridden inside a source file via the
	   use of a ".set" pseudo-op.

       -f  "fast"---skip whitespace and comment preprocessing (assume source
	   is compiler output).

       -g
       --gen-debug
	   Generate debugging information for each assembler source line using
	   whichever debug format is preferred by the target.  This currently
	   means either STABS, ECOFF or DWARF2.

       --gstabs
	   Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line.  This
	   may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.

       --gstabs+
	   Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line, with
	   GNU extensions that probably only gdb can handle, and that could
	   make other debuggers crash or refuse to read your program.  This
	   may help debugging assembler code.  Currently the only GNU
	   extension is the location of the current working directory at
	   assembling time.

       --gdwarf-2
	   Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line.
	   This may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle
	   it.	Note---this option is only supported by some targets, not all
	   of them.

       --size-check=error
       --size-check=warning
	   Issue an error or warning for invalid ELF .size directive.

       --help
	   Print a summary of the command line options and exit.

       --target-help
	   Print a summary of all target specific options and exit.

       -I dir
	   Add directory dir to the search list for ".include" directives.

       -J  Don't warn about signed overflow.

       -K  Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long
	   displacements.

       -L
       --keep-locals
	   Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols.  These symbols start with
	   system-specific local label prefixes, typically .L for ELF systems
	   or L for traditional a.out systems.

       --listing-lhs-width=number
	   Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for an
	   assembler listing to number.

       --listing-lhs-width2=number
	   Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for
	   continuation lines in an assembler listing to number.

       --listing-rhs-width=number
	   Set the maximum width of an input source line, as displayed in a
	   listing, to number bytes.

       --listing-cont-lines=number
	   Set the maximum number of lines printed in a listing for a single
	   line of input to number + 1.

       -o objfile
	   Name the object-file output from as objfile.

       -R  Fold the data section into the text section.

	   Set the default size of GAS's hash tables to a prime number close
	   to number.  Increasing this value can reduce the length of time it
	   takes the assembler to perform its tasks, at the expense of
	   increasing the assembler's memory requirements.  Similarly reducing
	   this value can reduce the memory requirements at the expense of
	   speed.

       --reduce-memory-overheads
	   This option reduces GAS's memory requirements, at the expense of
	   making the assembly processes slower.  Currently this switch is a
	   synonym for --hash-size=4051, but in the future it may have other
	   effects as well.

       --statistics
	   Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds) used
	   by assembly.

       --strip-local-absolute
	   Remove local absolute symbols from the outgoing symbol table.

       -v
       -version
	   Print the as version.

       --version
	   Print the as version and exit.

       -W
       --no-warn
	   Suppress warning messages.

       --fatal-warnings
	   Treat warnings as errors.

       --warn
	   Don't suppress warning messages or treat them as errors.

       -w  Ignored.

       -x  Ignored.

       -Z  Generate an object file even after errors.

       -- | files ...
	   Standard input, or source files to assemble.

       The following options are available when as is configured for an ARC
       processor.

       -marc[5|6|7|8]
	   This option selects the core processor variant.

       -EB | -EL
	   Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the ARM
       processor family.

       -mcpu=processor[+extension...]
	   Specify which ARM processor variant is the target.

       -march=architecture[+extension...]
	   Specify which ARM architecture variant is used by the target.

       -mfpu=floating-point-format
	   Select which Floating Point architecture is the target.

       -mfloat-abi=abi
	   Select which floating point ABI is in use.

       -mthumb
	   Enable Thumb only instruction decoding.

       -mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 | -mapcs-float | -mapcs-reentrant
	   Select which procedure calling convention is in use.

       -EB | -EL
	   Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

       -mthumb-interwork
	   Specify that the code has been generated with interworking between
	   Thumb and ARM code in mind.

       -k  Specify that PIC code has been generated.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the
       Blackfin processor family.

       -mcpu=processor[-sirevision]
	   This option specifies the target processor.	The optional
	   sirevision is not used in assembler.

       -mfdpic
	   Assemble for the FDPIC ABI.

       -mno-fdpic
       -mnopic
	   Disable -mfdpic.

       See the info pages for documentation of the CRIS-specific options.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a D10V
       processor.

       -O  Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a D30V
       processor.

       -O  Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

       -n  Warn when nops are generated.

       -N  Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is generated.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the Intel
       80960 processor.

       -ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC
	   Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.

       -b  Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.

       -no-relax
	   Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long
	   displacements; error if necessary.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the
       Ubicom IP2K series.

       -mip2022ext
	   Specifies that the extended IP2022 instructions are allowed.

       -mip2022
	   Restores the default behaviour, which restricts the permitted
	   instructions to just the basic IP2022 ones.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the
       Renesas M32C and M16C processors.

       -m32c
	   Assemble M32C instructions.

       -m16c
	   Assemble M16C instructions (the default).

       -relax
	   Enable support for link-time relaxations.

       -h-tick-hex
	   Support H'00 style hex constants in addition to 0x00 style.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the
       Renesas M32R (formerly Mitsubishi M32R) series.

       --m32rx
	   Specify which processor in the M32R family is the target.  The
	   default is normally the M32R, but this option changes it to the
	   M32RX.

       --warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wp
	   Produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are
	   encountered.

       --no-warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wnp
	   Do not produce warning messages when questionable parallel
	   constructs are encountered.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the
       Motorola 68000 series.

       -l  Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of
	   two.

       -m68000 | -m68008 | -m68010 | -m68020 | -m68030
       | -m68040 | -m68060 | -m68302 | -m68331 | -m68332
       | -m68333 | -m68340 | -mcpu32 | -m5200
	   Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target.  The
	   default is normally the 68020, but this can be changed at
	   configuration time.

       -m68881 | -m68882 | -mno-68881 | -mno-68882
	   The target machine does (or does not) have a floating-point
	   coprocessor.	 The default is to assume a coprocessor for 68020,
	   68030, and cpu32.  Although the basic 68000 is not compatible with
	   the 68881, a combination of the two can be specified, since it's
	   possible to do emulation of the coprocessor instructions with the
	   main processor.

       -m68851 | -mno-68851
	   The target machine does (or does not) have a memory-management unit
	   coprocessor.	 The default is to assume an MMU for 68020 and up.

       For details about the PDP-11 machine dependent features options, see
       PDP-11-Options.

       -mpic | -mno-pic
	   Generate position-independent (or position-dependent) code.	The
	   default is -mpic.

       -mall
       -mall-extensions
	   Enable all instruction set extensions.  This is the default.

       -mno-extensions
	   Disable all instruction set extensions.

       -mextension | -mno-extension
	   Enable (or disable) a particular instruction set extension.

       -mcpu
	   Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular
	   CPU, and disable all other extensions.

       -mmachine
	   Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular
	   machine model, and disable all other extensions.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a
       picoJava processor.

       -mb Generate "big endian" format output.

       -ml Generate "little endian" format output.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the
       Motorola 68HC11 or 68HC12 series.

       -m68hc11 | -m68hc12 | -m68hcs12
	   Specify what processor is the target.  The default is defined by
	   the configuration option when building the assembler.

       -mshort
	   Specify to use the 16-bit integer ABI.

       -mlong
	   Specify to use the 32-bit integer ABI.

       -mshort-double
	   Specify to use the 32-bit double ABI.

       -mlong-double
	   Specify to use the 64-bit double ABI.

       --force-long-branches
	   Relative branches are turned into absolute ones. This concerns
	   conditional branches, unconditional branches and branches to a sub
	   routine.

       -S | --short-branches
	   Do not turn relative branches into absolute ones when the offset is
	   out of range.

       --strict-direct-mode
	   Do not turn the direct addressing mode into extended addressing
	   mode when the instruction does not support direct addressing mode.

       --print-insn-syntax
	   Print the syntax of instruction in case of error.

       --print-opcodes
	   print the list of instructions with syntax and then exit.

       --generate-example
	   print an example of instruction for each possible instruction and
	   then exit.  This option is only useful for testing as.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the SPARC
       architecture:

       -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite
       -Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a
	   Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC architecture.

	   -Av8plus and -Av8plusa select a 32 bit environment.	-Av9 and -Av9a
	   select a 64 bit environment.

	   -Av8plusa and -Av9a enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with
	   UltraSPARC extensions.

       -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa
	   For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler.  These options are
	   equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively.

       -bump
	   Warn when the assembler switches to another architecture.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the 'c54x
       architecture.

       -mfar-mode
	   Enable extended addressing mode.  All addresses and relocations
	   will assume extended addressing (usually 23 bits).

       -mcpu=CPU_VERSION
	   Sets the CPU version being compiled for.

       -merrors-to-file FILENAME
	   Redirect error output to a file, for broken systems which don't
	   support such behaviour in the shell.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a MIPS
       processor.

       -G num
	   This option sets the largest size of an object that can be
	   referenced implicitly with the "gp" register.  It is only accepted
	   for targets that use ECOFF format, such as a DECstation running
	   Ultrix.  The default value is 8.

       -EB Generate "big endian" format output.

       -EL Generate "little endian" format output.

       -mips1
       -mips2
       -mips3
       -mips4
       -mips5
       -mips32
       -mips32r2
       -mips64
       -mips64r2
	   Generate code for a particular MIPS Instruction Set Architecture
	   level.  -mips1 is an alias for -march=r3000, -mips2 is an alias for
	   -march=r6000, -mips3 is an alias for -march=r4000 and -mips4 is an
	   alias for -march=r8000.  -mips5, -mips32, -mips32r2, -mips64, and
	   -mips64r2 correspond to generic MIPS V, MIPS32, MIPS32 Release 2,
	   MIPS64, and MIPS64 Release 2 ISA processors, respectively.

       -march=CPU
	   Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu.

       -mtune=cpu
	   Schedule and tune for a particular MIPS cpu.

       -mfix7000
       -mno-fix7000
	   Cause nops to be inserted if the read of the destination register
	   of an mfhi or mflo instruction occurs in the following two
	   instructions.

       -mdebug
       -no-mdebug
	   Cause stabs-style debugging output to go into an ECOFF-style
	   .mdebug section instead of the standard ELF .stabs sections.

       -mpdr
       -mno-pdr
	   Control generation of ".pdr" sections.

       -mgp32
       -mfp32
	   The register sizes are normally inferred from the ISA and ABI, but
	   these flags force a certain group of registers to be treated as 32
	   bits wide at all times.  -mgp32 controls the size of general-
	   purpose registers and -mfp32 controls the size of floating-point
	   registers.

       -mips16
       -no-mips16
	   Generate code for the MIPS 16 processor.  This is equivalent to
	   putting ".set mips16" at the start of the assembly file.
	   -no-mips16 turns off this option.

       -msmartmips
       -mno-smartmips
	   Enables the SmartMIPS extension to the MIPS32 instruction set. This
	   is equivalent to putting ".set smartmips" at the start of the
	   assembly file.  -mno-smartmips turns off this option.

       -mips3d
       -no-mips3d
	   Generate code for the MIPS-3D Application Specific Extension.  This
	   tells the assembler to accept MIPS-3D instructions.	-no-mips3d
	   turns off this option.

       -mdmx
       -no-mdmx
	   Generate code for the MDMX Application Specific Extension.  This
	   tells the assembler to accept MDMX instructions.  -no-mdmx turns
	   off this option.

       -mdsp
       -mno-dsp
	   Generate code for the DSP Release 1 Application Specific Extension.
	   This tells the assembler to accept DSP Release 1 instructions.
	   -mno-dsp turns off this option.

       -mdspr2
       -mno-dspr2
	   Generate code for the DSP Release 2 Application Specific Extension.
	   This option implies -mdsp.  This tells the assembler to accept DSP
	   Release 2 instructions.  -mno-dspr2 turns off this option.

       -mmt
       -mno-mt
	   Generate code for the MT Application Specific Extension.  This
	   tells the assembler to accept MT instructions.  -mno-mt turns off
	   this option.

       --construct-floats
       --no-construct-floats
	   The --no-construct-floats option disables the construction of
	   double width floating point constants by loading the two halves of
	   the value into the two single width floating point registers that
	   make up the double width register.  By default --construct-floats
	   is selected, allowing construction of these floating point
	   constants.

       --emulation=name
	   This option causes as to emulate as configured for some other
	   target, in all respects, including output format (choosing between
	   ELF and ECOFF only), handling of pseudo-opcodes which may generate
	   debugging information or store symbol table information, and
	   default endianness.	The available configuration names are:
	   mipsecoff, mipself, mipslecoff, mipsbecoff, mipslelf, mipsbelf.
	   The first two do not alter the default endianness from that of the
	   primary target for which the assembler was configured; the others
	   change the default to little- or big-endian as indicated by the b
	   or l in the name.  Using -EB or -EL will override the endianness
	   selection in any case.

	   This option is currently supported only when the primary target as
	   is configured for is a MIPS ELF or ECOFF target.  Furthermore, the
	   primary target or others specified with --enable-targets=... at
	   configuration time must include support for the other format, if
	   both are to be available.  For example, the Irix 5 configuration
	   includes support for both.

	   Eventually, this option will support more configurations, with more
	   fine-grained control over the assembler's behavior, and will be
	   supported for more processors.

       -nocpp
	   as ignores this option.  It is accepted for compatibility with the
	   native tools.

       --trap
       --no-trap
       --break
       --no-break
	   Control how to deal with multiplication overflow and division by
	   zero.  --trap or --no-break (which are synonyms) take a trap
	   exception (and only work for Instruction Set Architecture level 2
	   and higher); --break or --no-trap (also synonyms, and the default)
	   take a break exception.

       -n  When this option is used, as will issue a warning every time it
	   generates a nop instruction from a macro.

       The following options are available when as is configured for an MCore
       processor.

       -jsri2bsr
       -nojsri2bsr
	   Enable or disable the JSRI to BSR transformation.  By default this
	   is enabled.	The command line option -nojsri2bsr can be used to
	   disable it.

       -sifilter
       -nosifilter
	   Enable or disable the silicon filter behaviour.  By default this is
	   disabled.  The default can be overridden by the -sifilter command
	   line option.

       -relax
	   Alter jump instructions for long displacements.

       -mcpu=[210|340]
	   Select the cpu type on the target hardware.	This controls which
	   instructions can be assembled.

       -EB Assemble for a big endian target.

       -EL Assemble for a little endian target.

       See the info pages for documentation of the MMIX-specific options.

       See the info pages for documentation of the RX-specific options.

       The following options are available when as is configured for the s390
       processor family.

       -m31
       -m64
	   Select the word size, either 31/32 bits or 64 bits.

       -mesa
       -mzarch
	   Select the architecture mode, either the Enterprise System
	   Architecture (esa) or the z/Architecture mode (zarch).

       -march=processor
	   Specify which s390 processor variant is the target, g6, g6, z900,
	   z990, z9-109, z9-ec, or z10.

       -mregnames
       -mno-regnames
	   Allow or disallow symbolic names for registers.

       -mwarn-areg-zero
	   Warn whenever the operand for a base or index register has been
	   specified but evaluates to zero.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a
       TMS320C6000 processor.

       -march=arch
	   Enable (only) instructions from architecture arch.  By default, all
	   instructions are permitted.

	   The following values of arch are accepted: "c62x", "c64x", "c64x+",
	   "c67x", "c67x+", "c674x".

       -matomic
       -mno-atomic
	   Enable or disable the optional C64x+ atomic operation instructions.
	   By default, they are enabled if no -march option is given, or if an
	   architecture is specified with -march that implies these
	   instructions are present (currently, there are no such
	   architectures); they are disabled if an architecture is specified
	   with -march on which the instructions are optional or not present.
	   This option overrides such a default from the architecture,
	   independent of the order in which the -march or -matomic or
	   -mno-atomic options are passed.

       -mdsbt
       -mno-dsbt
	   The -mdsbt option causes the assembler to generate the
	   "Tag_ABI_DSBT" attribute with a value of 1, indicating that the
	   code is using DSBT addressing.  The -mno-dsbt option, the default,
	   causes the tag to have a value of 0, indicating that the code does
	   not use DSBT addressing.  The linker will emit a warning if objects
	   of different type (DSBT and non-DSBT) are linked together.

       -mpid=no
       -mpid=near
       -mpid=far
	   The -mpid= option causes the assembler to generate the
	   "Tag_ABI_PID" attribute with a value indicating the form of data
	   addressing used by the code.	 -mpid=no, the default, indicates
	   position-dependent data addressing, -mpid=near indicates position-
	   independent addressing with GOT accesses using near DP addressing,
	   and -mpid=far indicates position-independent addressing with GOT
	   accesses using far DP addressing.  The linker will emit a warning
	   if objects built with different settings of this option are linked
	   together.

       -mpic
       -mno-pic
	   The -mpic option causes the assembler to generate the "Tag_ABI_PIC"
	   attribute with a value of 1, indicating that the code is using
	   position-independent code addressing,  The "-mno-pic" option, the
	   default, causes the tag to have a value of 0, indicating position-
	   dependent code addressing.  The linker will emit a warning if
	   objects of different type (position-dependent and position-
	   independent) are linked together.

       -mbig-endian
       -mlittle-endian
	   Generate code for the specified endianness.	The default is little-
	   endian.

       The following options are available when as is configured for an Xtensa
       processor.

       --text-section-literals | --no-text-section-literals
	   With --text-section-literals, literal pools are interspersed in the
	   text section.  The default is --no-text-section-literals, which
	   places literals in a separate section in the output file.  These
	   options only affect literals referenced via PC-relative "L32R"
	   instructions; literals for absolute mode "L32R" instructions are
	   handled separately.

       --absolute-literals | --no-absolute-literals
	   Indicate to the assembler whether "L32R" instructions use absolute
	   or PC-relative addressing.  The default is to assume absolute
	   addressing if the Xtensa processor includes the absolute "L32R"
	   addressing option.  Otherwise, only the PC-relative "L32R" mode can
	   be used.

       --target-align | --no-target-align
	   Enable or disable automatic alignment to reduce branch penalties at
	   the expense of some code density.  The default is --target-align.

       --longcalls | --no-longcalls
	   Enable or disable transformation of call instructions to allow
	   calls across a greater range of addresses.  The default is
	   --no-longcalls.

       --transform | --no-transform
	   Enable or disable all assembler transformations of Xtensa
	   instructions.  The default is --transform; --no-transform should be
	   used only in the rare cases when the instructions must be exactly
	   as specified in the assembly source.

       --rename-section oldname=newname
	   When generating output sections, rename the oldname section to
	   newname.

       The following options are available when as is configured for a Z80
       family processor.

       -z80
	   Assemble for Z80 processor.

       -r800
	   Assemble for R800 processor.

       -ignore-undocumented-instructions
       -Wnud
	   Assemble undocumented Z80 instructions that also work on R800
	   without warning.

       -ignore-unportable-instructions
       -Wnup
	   Assemble all undocumented Z80 instructions without warning.

       -warn-undocumented-instructions
       -Wud
	   Issue a warning for undocumented Z80 instructions that also work on
	   R800.

       -warn-unportable-instructions
       -Wup
	   Issue a warning for undocumented Z80 instructions that do not work
	   on R800.

       -forbid-undocumented-instructions
       -Fud
	   Treat all undocumented instructions as errors.

       -forbid-unportable-instructions
       -Fup
	   Treat undocumented Z80 instructions that do not work on R800 as
	   errors.

SEE ALSO
       gcc(1), ld(1), and the Info entries for binutils and ld.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
       2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software
       Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
       any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
       Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
       Free Documentation License".

binutils-2.21.1			  2011-06-27				 AS(1)
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