backup man page on Xenix

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     BACKUP(ADM)	      XENIX System V		   BACKUP(ADM)

     Name
	  backup, dump - Performs incremental file system backup.

     Syntax
	  backup [ key [ arguments ] filesystem ]

     Description
	  backup copies all files changed after a certain date in the
	  filesystem.  dump is a link to backup; they refer to the
	  same utility.	 The key specifies the date and other options
	  about the backup, where a key consists of characters from
	  the set 0123456789kfusd. The meanings of these characters
	  are described below:

	  f    Places the backup on file specified by the next
	       argument instead of the default device.

	  u    If the backup completes successfully, writes the date
	       of the beginning of the backup to the file /etc/ddate.
	       This file records a separate date for each file system
	       and each backup level.

	  0-9  This number is the ``backup level''.  Backs up all
	       files modified since the last date stored in the file
	       /etc/ddate for the same file system at lesser levels.
	       If no date is determined by the level, the beginning of
	       time is assumed; thus the option 0 causes the entire
	       file system to be backed up.

	  s    This is the size of the tape in feet.  The number of
	       feet is taken from the next argument.  When the
	       specified size is reached, backup will wait for reels
	       to be changed.  The default size is 2,300 feet.

	  d    This is the density of the tape, expressed in BPI, is
	       taken from the next argument.  This is used in
	       calculating the amount of tape used per write.  The
	       default is 1600.

	  k    The size (in K-bytes) of the volume being written is
	       taken from the next argument. If the k argument is
	       specified, any s and d arguments are ignored.  The
	       default is to use s and d.

	  If no arguments are given, the key is assumed to be 9u and a
	  default file system is backed up to the default device.

	  The first backup should be a full level-0 backup:

	       backup 0u

	  Next, periodic level 9 backups should be made on an

     Page 1					      (printed 2/7/91)

     BACKUP(ADM)	      XENIX System V		   BACKUP(ADM)

	  exponential progression of tapes or floppies:

	       backup 9u

	  This progression is shown as follows:

	       1 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 ...

	  where backup 1 is used every other time, backup 2 every
	  fourth, backup 3 every eighth, etc.)	When the level-9
	  incremental backup becomes unmanageable because a tape is
	  full or too many floppies are required, a level-1 backup
	  should be made:

	       backup 1u

	  After this, the exponential series should progress as if
	  uninterrupted.  These level-9 backups are based on the
	  level-1 backup, which is based on the level-0 full backup.
	  This progression of levels of backups can be carried as far
	  as desired.

	  The default file system and the backup device depend on the
	  settings of the variables DISK and TAPE, respectively, in
	  the file /etc/default/backup.

     Files
	  /etc/ddate	      Records backup dates of file
			      system/level

	  /etc/default/backup Default backup information

     See Also
	  XENIX System Administrator's Guide
	  cpio(C), default(F), dumpdir(ADM), restore(ADM), sddate(C),
	  backup(F)

     Diagnostics
	  If the backup requires more than one volume (where a volume
	  is likely to be a floppy disk or tape), you will be asked to
	  change volumes.  Press RETURN after changing volumes.

     Page 2					      (printed 2/7/91)

     BACKUP(ADM)	      XENIX System V		   BACKUP(ADM)

     Notes
	  Sizes are based on 1600 BPI for blocked tape.	 Although the
	  s and d options are used by default, they are not commonly
	  used; the k option is more popular because it specifies size
	  in K-bytes.  Write errors to the backup device are usually
	  fatal.  Read errors on the file system are ignored.

	  If the default archive medium specified in
	  /etc/default/backup or /etc/default/restor is block
	  structured, (example: floppy disk) then the volume size in
	  Kbytes must be specified on the command line.	 Neither
	  utility works correctly without this information. For
	  example, using the default device (below) with the backup
	  command, enter the following:

	       backup k 360

	  The default device entry for /etc/default/backup
	  (tape=/dev/xxx) and /etc/default/restor (archive=/dev/xxx)
	  is /dev/rfd02.

	  It is not possible to successfully restore an entire active
	  root file system.

     Warning
	  When backing up to floppy disks, be sure to have enough
	  formatted floppies ready before starting a backup.  You must
	  also be sure to close the floppy door when inserting floppy
	  disks.  If you fail to do so in a multi-floppy backup, the
	  entire backup will fail and you will have to begin again.

	  You should never backup more than one filesystem to the tape
	  devices /dev/nrct0 and /dev/nrct2.  This is because,
	  although backup can write more than one filesystem to
	  /dev/nrct0 or /dev/nrct2, restore may not be able to restore
	  more than one filesystem from these devices.

     Page 3					      (printed 2/7/91)

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