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BOOTPD(8)		  BSD System Manager's Manual		     BOOTPD(8)

NAME
     bootpd — DHCP/BOOTP/NetBoot server

SYNOPSIS
     bootpd [options]

DESCRIPTION
     bootpd implements a DHCP/BOOTP server as defined in RFC951, RFC1542,
     RFC2131, and RFC2132.  It is also a NetBoot server implementing Apple-
     proprietary NetBoot 1.0 (BOOTP-based) and NetBoot 2.0 BSDP (Boot Server
     Discovery Protocol).  BSDP works along with regular DHCP, using DHCP-for‐
     mat packets with a special vendor-class identifier and vendor-specific
     options.

     bootpd understands and handles requests that arrive via a DHCP/BOOTP
     relay agent, allowing the server to be centrally located, and serve many
     remote subnets.

     The server is normally invoked by xinetd(8) when a request arrives, but
     can also be invoked manually.  If it is invoked by xinetd(8), bootpd con‐
     tinues to service requests until it is idle for a period of 5 minutes,
     after which it exits to conserve system resources.	 If invoked manually,
     bootpd continues to run indefinitely.

     If bootpd receives a SIGHUP (-1) signal, it will re-read its configura‐
     tion and client binding files.

     When a request from a client arrives, the server logs an entry to
     /var/log/system.log indicating which client made the request, and logs
     another entry once a reply is sent.  This feature can be turned off using
     the -q option described below.

     bootpd reads its configuration settings from the local NetInfo domain.
     There are also a number of command-line options to change its behavior on
     the fly.  Note in particular that options BDmN can also be controlled via
     service-control properties.  See /config/dhcp: Global Controls and
     Filters below.

OPTIONS
     -a	     Enable NetInfo anonymous binding for BOOTP clients by supplying
	     NetInfo host information options 112 and 113.

     -B	     Disable BOOTP service.  By default, BOOTP service is enabled.

     -b	     Only respond if the client's bootfile exists: for BOOTP clients
	     only.

     -c interval
	     How often to check that the NetInfo host cache is still valid.
	     Default interval is 30 seconds.  If the NetInfo database has
	     changed since we last checked, the cache for that database is
	     discarded.

     -D	     Enable DHCP service.  By default, DHCP service is disabled.

     -d	     Remain in the foreground and produce extra debugging output to
	     stderr.

     -I	     Disable re-initialization on IP address changes.  By default,
	     changes to the server's configured IP addresses cause it to re-
	     initialize.

     -i interface
	     Enable service on the specified interface.	 This flag may appear
	     multiple times to enable multiple interfaces.   For example,
		 bootpd -i en0 -i en1
	     forces bootpd to respond only to requests received on ethernet
	     ports en0 and en1.	 By default, all interfaces are enabled.

     -m	     Enable NetBoot 1.0 (BOOTP-based) service.

     -N	     Enable NetBoot 2.0 (BSDP/DHCP-based) service.

     -n netinfo_domain
	     Search for host entries in the given NetInfo domain.  This flag
	     may appear multiple times, the order of lookups is the order in
	     which the flags appear.  The value "..." means search the entire
	     NetInfo hierarchy (the default).  The netinfo_domain value can be
	     specified as a domain path or as host/tag.	 For example,
		 bootpd -n ...
	     is the same as simply invoking bootpd without any options, and
		 bootpd -n .. -n localhost/local
	     forces bootpd to look in the parent domain then in the local
	     domain.

     -o hop_count
	     For relay agent operation, the maximum hop count, default is 4
	     hops.

     -q	     Be quiet as possible.  Only report serious errors to

     -r server_ip
	     Relay packets to the specified server_ip, not exceeding the hop
	     count.

     -v	     Be more verbose in messages logged to /var/log/system.log.

CONFIGURING BOOTPD
     bootpd reads its configuration from NetInfo (see netinfo(5)).  The direc‐
     tories that it scans are:

     /config/dhcp	    Global controls and filters

     /config/dhcp/subnets   Subnet entries

     /config/NetBootServer  NetBoot server configuration

   /config/dhcp: Global Controls and Filters
     The directory /config/dhcp contains properties to control whether bootpd
     will respond to a particular request.  There are MAC address filters
     (allow/deny) as well as controls to enable services per interface.

     The MAC address filter properties are:

     allow  Enables the specified list of MAC addresses.

     deny   Disables the specified list of MAC addresses.

     When a packet arrives, bootpd checks whether the client's MAC address is
     in the deny list.	If it is, the packet is dropped.  Otherwise, if the
     client's MAC address is in the allow list, the packet continues to be
     processed, otherwise it is dropped.  If neither the allow nor the deny
     property is specified, the packet continues to be processed.

     The service-control properties are:

     bootp_enabled	  Enables BOOTP on the specified list of interfaces.

     dhcp_enabled	  Enables DHCP on the specified list of interfaces.

     netboot_enabled	  Enables NetBoot 2.0 (BSDP/DHCP-based) NetBoot on the
			  specified list of interfaces.

     old_netboot_enabled  Enables NetBoot 1.0 (BOOTP-based) NetBoot on the
			  specified list of interface.

     For each of the above properties dhcp_enabled, bootp_enabled, old_net‐
     boot_enabled, and netboot_enabled, the absence of a value implies that
     the service is enabled on all interfaces.	To disable a service, specify
     a single value of "".  For example (using nidump(8) syntax):

	 "dhcp_enabled" = ( "en2", "en5" );

     enables DHCP only on interfaces "en2" and "en5", whereas:

	 "dhcp_enabled" = ();

     enables DHCP on every interface, and:

	 "dhcp_enabled" = ( "" );

     disables DHCP on all interfaces.

   /config/dhcp/subnets: Subnet Entries
     A subnet entry describes a range of IP addresses, and associated informa‐
     tion, such as the subnet mask, router, DNS servers, and other option
     data.  A subnet entry also indicates whether the range is an address pool
     from which to allocate vs. simply an informational range in order to ful‐
     fill requests for option information, i.e. for answering DHCP Inform
     requests, and BOOTP requests.

     A subnet entry is required to supply the DHCP service with pool(s) of IP
     address(es), and to inform the server of subnet-specific options and
     parameters.  A subnet entry can also be used to convey network topology
     information via the supernet property described below.

     Subnet entries may not overlap in the IP ranges the describe, nor specify
     values that are inconsistent. Specifically, applying the net_mask value
     to each of the values in the net_range must yield the net_address value.

     Errors in configuration are logged to /var/log/system.log.	 There may be
     multiple entries for a given subnet, allowing different configuration
     values to be specified for a given range of IP addresses within the sub‐
     net.  For example, part of the range might be used for statically bound
     clients, and another for a dynamic address pool.

     Each subnet entry appears as a sub-directory in /config/dhcp/subnets.  A
     subnet entry must contain the following properties:

     name	   A descriptive name for the subnet, e.g. "17.202.40/22".

     net_mask	   The network mask, e.g. "255.255.252.0".

     net_address   The network address, e.g. "17.202.40.0".

     net_range	   The network address range stored as two values: the first
		   IP address and the last IP address.	For example, (
		   "17.202.40.2", "17.202.43.254" ).

     client_types  Indicates whether the range is a DHCP address pool, or just
		   informational.  Must contain "dhcp" for a DHCP address
		   pool, and "bootp" for an informational range.

     The following properties are optional:

     lease_min	   The minimum allowable lease time (in seconds).  This is
		   only required/used if the client_types property is set to
		   "dhcp".

     lease_max	   The maximum allowable lease time (in seconds).  This is
		   only required/used if the client_types property is set to
		   "dhcp".

     supernet	   This property indicates that the subnet is on the same
		   physical broadcast domain as other subnets with the same
		   supernet value.

     The server can also supply clients with the following DHCP option infor‐
     mation:

     dhcp_router   The IP address of the default router (DHCP option code 3).
		   If this property is not present, the server will attempt to
		   provide its own default route for this option, if it is
		   applicable.

     dhcp_domain_name_server
		   The IP address(es) of the DNS server(s) (option code 6).
		   If this property is not present, the server will supply its
		   own DNS server configuration (if available).

     dhcp_domain_name
		   The default DNS domain name (option code 15).  if this
		   property is not present, the server will supply its own
		   default domain name (if available).

     dhcp_ldap_url
		   The default LDAP URL (option code 95).

     dhcp_netinfo_server_address
		   The NetInfo parent server IP address(es) (option code 112).

     dhcp_netinfo_server_tag
		   The NetInfo parent domain tag (option code 113).

     dhcp_url	   The default URL to present in a web browser (option code
		   114).

     dhcp_time_offset
		   The time offset from GMT in seconds (option code 2).

     dhcp_network_time_protocol_servers
		   The network time protocol (NTP) server IP address(es)
		   (option code 42).

     dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_name_server
		   The NetBIOS over TCP/IP name server IP address(es) (option
		   code 44).

     dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_dgram_dist_server
		   The NetBIOS over TCP/IP datagram distribution server IP
		   address(es) (option code 45).

     dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_node_type
		   The NetBIOS over TCP/IP node type (option code 46).

     dhcp_nb_over_tcpip_scope
		   The NetBIOS over TCP/IP scope string (option code 47).

     dhcp_smtp_server
		   The Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) server IP
		   address(es) (option code 69).

     dhcp_pop3_server
		   The Post Office Protocol (POP3) server IP address(es)
		   (option code 70).

     dhcp_nntp_server
		   The Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) server IP
		   address(es) (option code 71).

     dhcp_proxy_auto_discovery_url
		   The default Web Proxy Auto Discovery URL (option code 252).

   /config/NetBootServer: NetBoot server configuration
     This directory contains a number of properties that alter the NetBoot
     server's default behavior.	 The properties are:

     afp_uid_start	  The starting uid used when creating AFP machine
			  users. The default is uid 100.

     afp_users_max	  The number of AFP machine users to automaticaly cre‐
			  ate.	The default is 50.  Note: the server will
			  never remove a user once it is created, so decreas‐
			  ing this value once the server has read it will have
			  no effect.

     age_time_seconds	  The number of seconds since the client last net‐
			  booted before before the client is considered
			  "aged".  A client that has aged becomes available
			  for resource reclamation.  The server will only
			  reclaim aged client bindings when it runs out of
			  free resources.

     machine_name_format  This property is used to generate a unique name to
			  each NetBoot client. The default value is "Net‐
			  Boot%03d" (without the double quotes).  The format
			  string must be a printf(3) compatible format string
			  that takes a single integer value as an argument.
			  The server ensures that the string is valid by test‐
			  ing the string before using it.  The only conversion
			  specifiers that should be used are diouxX.

     shadow_size_meg	  The size (in megabytes) to allocate for the client
			  shadow file.	The default is 48 (megabytes).	See
			  Diskless Resources below.

BOOTP/DHCP STATIC BINDINGS
     Static IP address to ethernet address bindings are stored in NetInfo.
     The bindings appear in host entries.  Each host entry is a subdirectory
     of the /machines directory of a NetInfo domain.  The server consults the
     default NetInfo domain hierarchy unless overridden by -n flags (see
     OPTIONS above).

     The server recognizes the following properties in the host entry:

     name	 The name of the host (required).

     en_address	 Ethernet address(es) of the host stored in colon hex ie.
		 "%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x" format (required).

     ip_address	 The IP address(es) of the host (required).

     bootfile	 Executable image file to be downloaded by the client via TFTP
		 (not required).

     A client is identified by its unique hardware (MAC) address, and is
     stored in the en_address property.

     The server searches for a host entry containing both its hardware address
     and a relevant IP address.	 A relevant IP address is one which is useful
     for the subnet on which the client is attempting to boot.	If the request
     is a BOOTP request, and no static binding exists, the server does not
     respond.  If the request is DHCP, and no static binding exists, the
     server tries to find an approprate address pool.  If none exists, it does
     not respond.

     The server supports having more than one IP address associated with a
     single client: a single BOOTP/DHCP client can connect to multiple subnets
     at different times (e.g. a laptop that is frequently moved from one loca‐
     tion to another).	Multiple host entries may include the same hardware
     address but should have distinct IP addresses to avoid associating the
     same IP with more than one host.  If there is more than one relevant IP
     address for a client, the server chooses the first one that it finds.

     The server also supports multi-homed hosts (host with the same name but
     multiple IP addresses) by treating the en_address and ip_address proper‐
     ties as parallel arrays.  For example, consider a host entry with the
     following values:

	 "name" = ( "orange" );
	 "en_address" = ( "0:5:2:f:a:b", "0:5:2:1c:9e:d6" );
	 "ip_address" = ( "17.202.42.110", "17.202.21.221" );

     Host "orange" has two IP addresses associated with its name.  The inter‐
     face with ethernet address "0:5:2:f:a:b" has IP address "17.202.42.110",
     and interface "0:5:2:1c:9e:d6" has IP address "17.202.21.221".

BOOTP SERVICE
     The server supplies a BOOTP client with its statically-assigned IP
     address, hostname, subnet mask, default router, domain name server(s),
     and domain name, and if the -a option was specified, the NetInfo server
     address and NetInfo server tag options.  It will not exceed the default
     BOOTP packet size however, so it's possible that not all of the options
     will fit.	The client must set the magic number field (first 4 bytes of
     the vendor extensions field) to 99.130.83.99 (dotted decimal) to have the
     server supply those options.

DHCP SERVICE
     If DHCP service is enabled for a client, the server processes the
     client's packet.  The packet may be a request for an IP address and
     option information (DHCP Discover, DHCP Request) or for just option
     information (DHCP Inform).	 The packet might also tell the server that
     the address is in use by some other host (DHCP Decline), or that the
     client is done with the IP address (DHCP Release).

     The server uses the DHCP client identifier (option 61) if it is present
     as the unique client identifier, otherwise it uses the htype/hlen/chaddr
     fields in the DHCP packet.

   IP Allocation
     The DHCP server first tries to find a static binding for the client (see
     section BOOTP/DHCP STATIC BINDINGS above).	 If one exists, it uses it.
     If not, it tries to find an existing dynamic binding from its lease data‐
     base, stored in /var/db/dhcpd_leases.  If one exists and it is applicable
     to the subnet, the server uses it, otherwise, it tries to allocate an
     address from one of its address pools.  If an address is available, the
     server uses it, otherwise the packet is discarded.

     After a suitable IP address is found for the client, the server attempts
     to insert as many of the requested DHCP options from the client's request
     as it can into the reply.

     When the server allocates an address dynamically, it automatically
     excludes addresses that appear in static host entries under NetInfo.  For
     example, if the address range goes from 10.0.0.2 through 10.0.0.10, but
     there is a NetInfo host entry in /machines like this:

	 "name" = ( "test" );
	 "ip_address" = ( "10.0.0.3" );

     the IP address 10.0.0.3 is automatically excluded from the pool.

     The server tries to give the same address back to a client by remembering
     the binding even after it has expired.  The server removes an expired
     lease entry only when it runs out of addresses, and needs to reclaim an
     address in order to fulfill a new request.

     When the server receives a DHCP Release packet, it sets the expiration
     for that lease to now, so that it can immediately reclaim the address if
     needed.

     When the server receives a DHCP Decline packet, it removes the client
     binding from the IP address, and sets the expiration on the "unbound"
     lease to 10 minutes from now.  That allows the address to return to the
     address pool again without manual intervention and avoids handing out the
     same in-use IP address over and over.

NETBOOT SERVICE
     The NetBoot server enables a client to perform a network boot, that is,
     access its operating system image over the network instead of from its
     local drive.

     The sequence of events that occur when a NetBoot client is powered are:

     1.	   firmware gets IP address and image information (using BOOTP, or
	   BSDP/DHCP)

     2.	   firmware saves relevant packet(s) in memory to be used by client
	   operating system (see step 4 below)

     3.	   firmware TFTP's the bootfile image, and begins executing it

     3.1.  (Mac OS X only) secondary loader TFTP's kernel and drivers, and
	   begins executing the kernel

     4.	   client operating system initializes its network stack and accesses
	   its "root" disk using information in packets saved at step 2, uses
	   AFP, NFS, or HTTP to access the image

     Apple NetBoot uses a technique called "shadowing", whereby an otherwise
     read-only disk image appears to the client as a read/write image by "map‐
     ping" writes to the original image file to an auxilliary "shadow" file.
     Subsequent reads from portions that have been written also come from the
     "shadow" file.  The disk image driver in the client operating system man‐
     ages the shadow mapping and provides the illusion of a writable disk.

     The term diskless NetBoot implies that the client receives all of its
     necessary booting resources from the network, so that a local disk drive
     is not required, though may still be present.

     The NetBoot server supplies a NetBoot client with the resources and
     information it needs to boot.  Two versions of NetBoot are supported:
     NetBoot 1.0 (BOOTP-based) and NetBoot 2.0 (BSDP/DHCP-based).  Service for
     these two types of NetBoot are controlled individually using command-line
     options m and N, or using the service configuration properties old_net‐
     boot_enabled and netboot_enabled (described above).

     The NetBoot 1.0 server supplies the client with its IP address in addi‐
     tion to its boot resources.  The server must be able to find a static
     binding for the client (see BOOTP/DHCP STATIC BINDINGS above), or the
     server must have an applicable dynamic pool of IP addresses, just as with
     DHCP.  If the server does not also have DHCP service enabled, the pools
     are only used for NetBoot 1.0 clients.  In this case, the server also
     acts as a DHCP server but only services those clients for which it has an
     existing binding.

     There can only be one NetBoot 1.0 server per subnet because the protocol
     uses BOOTP, and BOOTP does not support multiple servers.  However, the
     NetBoot 1.0 server will co-exist with an existing DHCP server, assuming
     it only serves DHCP.

     The NetBoot 2.0 server only supplies the client with boot resources.
     Unlike NetBoot 1.0, there is no limit on the number of NetBoot servers
     per subnet.

     The NetBoot server stores a list of NetBoot client records in the file
     /var/db/bsdpd_clients.  Each client record contains the client name and
     number assigned by the server, the boot image ID selected by the client,
     and the client's last boot time.

   NetBoot Image Location
     When the NetBoot server initializes, it looks for NetBoot images at well-
     known locations in the file system.  A "NetBoot image" is a directory
     that ends in the .nbi extension, and contains a valid set of files
     (described below).	 If no images are found, NetBoot is temporarily dis‐
     abled.  If it receives a SIGHUP signal, the server again attempts to ini‐
     tialize itself.

     The NetBoot server looks for a symbolic link named:

	 Library/NetBoot/.sharepoint

     at the root of each HFS+ volume.  If the symlink is valid, and points to
     a directory, it assumes that the directory contains NetBoot images and
     that the contents are accessible via TFTP, AFP, NFS, and HTTP.  By con‐
     vention, the directory is named:

	 Library/NetBoot/NetBootSPx

     where x is a unique number starting at zero (0).

   NetBoot Image (.nbi)
     A NetBoot image is stored in a directory whose name ends with .nbi, and
     contains a set of files.  The directory must contain an NBImageInfo.plist
     file, one or more bootfiles, and may contain one or more image files.
     The NBImageInfo.plist file is encoded as an XML property list, and con‐
     tains information about the image.

     The properties defined in the NBImageInfo.plist file and their meanings
     are:

     Name	       (String) The name of the image that appears in the
		       Startup Disk UI.

     BootFile	       (String) The path relative to .nbi directory of the
		       first bootfile.

     IsEnabled	       (Boolean) A flag to mark the image as enabled or not.
		       An image that is disabled will not be offered as a
		       selection by the NetBoot server. Optional, default
		       value is true.

     IsDefault	       (Boolean) A flag to mark the image as a default image.
		       Setting this key to true for more than one image can be
		       useful if the EnabledSystemIdentifiers property is also
		       defined (see below).  Optional, default value is false.

     IsInstall	       (Boolean) A flag to indicate that the image describes
		       an installation image.  Optional, default value is
		       false.

     Type	       (String) The type of the image.	The value "Classic"
		       implies that the Kind is Mac OS 9 NetBoot, "NFS"
		       implies the Kind is Mac OS X NetBoot.

     Kind	       (Integer) The image kind:
		       0 =  Mac OS 9
		       1 =  Mac OS X
		       2 =  Mac OS X Server
		       Optional, the default value depends on the Type.

     Index	       (Integer) The index of the image.  This is a 16-bit
		       value used to differentiate between multiple NetBoot
		       images supplied by a server.  There are two value
		       ranges:
		       1 .. 4095      Image is local to this server.
		       4096 .. 65535  Image is global and may appear on multi‐
				      ple servers, used for load-balancing.

		       The Index forms the lower 16-bits of the unique 32-bit
		       Image ID.  IsInstall and Kind make up the remaining
		       bits (with 8 bits reserved).

     RootPath	       (String) If Type is "NFS", this is the path of the
		       "root" disk image relative to the .nbi directory.  The
		       NetBoot server assumes that the path up to and includ‐
		       ing the NetBootSPx directory is exported via NFS.
		       Indirect NFS paths are also supported using the syntax:

			   <path> = <host>:<mount_path>[:<image_path>]
			   <host> = <IP address> | <host_name>

		       For example, in the path:

			   myserver:/NetBoot:Images/Jaguar.dmg

		       the image is on a server named "myserver" with NFS
		       export "/NetBoot" and the image file appears relative
		       to the mount point as "Images/Jaguar.dmg".

		       If Type is "HTTP", this is the path of the "root" disk
		       image relative to the .nbi directory.  The NetBoot
		       server assumes that the .nbi directory under NetBootSPx
		       is exported via HTTP using the convention:

			   http://<server_ip>/NetBoot/NetBootSPx/<image_dir>.nbi

		       Indirect HTTP paths are also supported using the HTTP
		       URL syntax:

			   <path> = http://[<user>@]<host>[:<port>]/<image_path>
			   <user> = <user_name>:<password>
			   <host> = <IP address> | <host_name>

		       Examples:

			   http://myserver:8080/Images/Jaguar.dmg
			   http://joe:secret@someserver/Jaguar/Jaguar.dmg

     SharedImage       (String) If Type is "Classic", this is the path of the
		       system, or read/write, disk image used for Mac OS 9.

     PrivateImage      (String) If Type is "Classic", this is the path of the
		       private, or read-only, disk image used for Mac OS 9.
		       Optional.

     SupportsDiskless  (Boolean) A flag that indicates that the image supports
		       diskless clients, and tells the server to allocate
		       resources.  If the Type is "Classic", the value of this
		       property is ignored since the server always allocates
		       resources required for diskless clients.	 See Diskless
		       Resources below.

     EnabledSystemIdentifiers
		       (Array of String) The list of system identifiers that
		       are enabled for this image.  The system identifier for
		       Apple hardware is the model property from the Open
		       Firmware device-tree.  Some example model properties
		       are "PowerMac3,3" and "PowerBook3,1".

		       If this property is not specified, or the list is
		       empty, the image is enabled for all clients (the
		       default).

		       If the server has no images that apply to the client,
		       it will not respond.

		       Due to limitations in the NetBoot 1.0 protocol, there
		       is no way for the NetBoot server to differentiate
		       between older clients such as the original bondi-blue
		       iMac or B&W G3 (Yosemite).  To enable an image for all
		       NetBoot 1.0 clients, include the pseudo system identi‐
		       fier "/NetBoot1".

   NBImageInfo.plist: Mac OS 9 Example
     The path to the image directory in this example is:
	 /Library/NetBoot/NetBootSP0/Mac OS 9.nbi

     This directory contains the following files:
	 NBImageInfo.plist
	 Mac OS ROM
	 NetBoot HD.img
	 Applications HD.img

     The NBImageInfo.plist contains:
     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     <!DOCTYPE plist SYSTEM "file://localhost/System/Library/DTDs/PropertyList.dtd">
     <plist version="0.9">
     <dict>
	     <key>BootFile</key>
	     <string>Mac OS ROM</string>
	     <key>IsEnabled</key>
	     <true/>
	     <key>Index</key>
	     <integer>4</integer>
	     <key>IsInstall</key>
	     <false/>
	     <key>Name</key>
	     <string>Mac OS 9.2</string>
	     <key>SharedImage</key>
	     <string>NetBoot HD.img</string>
	     <key>PrivateImage</key>
	     <string>Applications HD.img</string>
	     <key>Type</key>
	     <string>Classic</string>
     </dict>
     </plist>

     The Type is Classic, which means this is a Mac OS 9 NetBoot image, so the
     implied Kind value is 0 (Mac OS 9).  The BootFile property points to "Mac
     OS ROM".  The system image is "NetBoot HD.img".  The read-only applica‐
     tions image is "Applications HD.img".  The Name of the image is "Mac OS
     9.2".  IsEnabled is supplied and set to true, so the image is active.
     The Index is 4, which means the image is local to this server, and will
     always appear as a unique choice in the client image selection UI.

   NBImageInfo.plist Example: Mac OS X
     The path to this example is:
	 /Library/NetBoot/NetBootSP0/Jaguar.nbi

     This directory contains:
	 NBImageInfo.plist
	 booter
	 mach.macosx
	 mach.macosx.mkext
	 Jaguar.dmg

     The NBImageInfo.plist contains:
     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     <!DOCTYPE plist SYSTEM "file://localhost/System/Library/DTDs/PropertyList.dtd">
     <plist version="0.9">
     <dict>
	     <key>BootFile</key>
	     <string>booter</string>
	     <key>IsEnabled</key>
	     <true/>
	     <key>Index</key>
	     <integer>4096</integer>
	     <key>IsInstall</key>
	     <false/>
	     <key>Name</key>
	     <string>Mac OS X (Jaguar)</string>
	     <key>RootPath</key>
	     <string>Jaguar.dmg</string>
	     <key>Type</key>
	     <string>NFS</string>
     </dict>
     </plist>

     The Type is NFS, and no Kind is specified, so the server assumes this is
     a Mac OS X image with Kind 1.  The BootFile property points to "booter".
     Mac OS X uses three separate bootfiles, so the remaining files which must
     exist, but are not currently verified to exist by the server, are
     "mach.macosx" and "mach.macosx.mkext".  Those names are non-negotiable,
     since the booter hard-codes those names.  The RootPath property indicates
     that the image file is "Jaguar.dmg".  The Index is 4096, so this is a
     global image, that may appear on multiple NetBoot servers.	 If another
     server serves an image of the same Kind, IsInstall, and Index, this image
     may appear as a single choice in client image selection UI.

   Diskless Resources
     The NetBoot server creates and manages per-client AFP user logins as well
     as per-client directories to give each client its own protected
     resources.	 The AFP users are created in the local NetInfo domain, and
     are marked with the property and value:

	 "_creator" = ( "bsdpd" );

     When the server initializes, it ensures there are at least afp_users_max
     users with this property.	If there are not, it allocates new user
     entries to make up the difference.

     Along with the per-client AFP login, the server creates per-client direc‐
     tories to store the "shadow" files.  The server creates these directories
     on each HFS+ volume that contains a symbolic link named:

	 Library/NetBoot/.clients

     at the root of the volume.	 If the symlink is valid, and points to a
     directory, it assumes that the directory should be used for client files.
     It also assumes that the directory is a valid AFP sharepoint of the same
     name.  By convention, the directory is named:

	 Library/NetBoot/NetBootClientsY

     where Y is a unique number starting at zero (0).

     The server "round-robins" client images across each such directory to
     distribute load amongst multiple disk drives to improve overall perfor‐
     mance.

     When the server responds to the client's NetBoot request, it ensures that
     the "shadow" file is preallocated to shadow_size_meg megabytes.  Setting
     that property high enough avoids having every client fail if the server
     runs out of disk space.   The only clients that fail if the server runs
     out of disk space are those that run of of space in their own pre-allo‐
     cated "shadow" files.

SEE ALSO
     xinetd(8), tftpd(8), netinfo(5), exports(5)

Mac OS X			April 16, 2003			      Mac OS X
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