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BRLTTY(1)		      The BRLTTY Project		     BRLTTY(1)

NAME
       brltty - refreshable braille display driver for Linux/Unix

SYNOPSIS
       brltty [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
       brltty  is  a  background process (daemon) which provides access to the
       console screen (when in text mode) for a blind person using a  refresh‐
       able braille display.  It drives the braille display, and provides com‐
       plete screen review functionality.  Some	 speech	 capability  has  also
       been incorporated.

OPTIONS
       Options	can  be	 passed	 to  brltty in a number of ways.  From most to
       least influential, these are:

       1.  Command Line Options

       2.  Boot Parameters

       3.  Environment Variables (if the -E  (--environment-variables)	option
	   is in effect)

       4.  The Configuration File

       5.  Built-in Defaults

   Command Line Options
       The  options  are  processed  sequentially  from	 left to right.	 If an
       option is specified more than once, or  in  case	 of  a	conflict,  the
       rightmost specification takes precedence.

       The following options are supported:

       -a table (--attributes-table=)
	      The  path	 to the attributes table.  Relative paths are anchored
	      at /etc/brltty.  The .atb extension is optional.	 The  built-in
	      default is attributes.atb.

       -b driver,...|auto (--braille-driver=)
	      The  driver  for the braille display (see Driver Specification).
	      The built-in default is auto.

       -c table (--contraction-table=)
	      The path to the contraction table.  Relative paths are  anchored
	      at /etc/brltty.  The .ctb extension is optional.

       -d device,... (--braille-device=)
	      The  device  to  which  the  braille  display is connected.  The
	      built-in default is usb:.

	      The general form of a braille  device  specification  is	quali‐
	      fier:data.  For backward compatibility with earlier releases, if
	      the qualifier is omitted then serial: is assumed.	 The following
	      device types are supported:

	      Bluetooth
		     For  a  bluetooth	device,	 specify  bluez:address.   The
		     address must be six two-digit hexadecimal	numbers	 sepa‐
		     rated by colons, e.g.  01:23:45:67:89:AB.

	      Serial For a serial device, specify serial:/path/to/device.  The
		     serial: qualifier is optional (for	 backward  compatibil‐
		     ity).   If a relative path is given then it's anchored at
		     /dev/ (the usual location where devices are defined on  a
		     Unix-like	system).   The following device specifications
		     all refer to the  primary	serial	device:	 serial:/dev/,
		     serial:, /dev/, .

	      USB    For  a  USB device, specify usb:.	brltty will search for
		     the first USB device which matches	 the  braille  display
		     driver  being  used.   If this is inadequate, e.g. if you
		     have more than one USB braille display which requires the
		     same driver, then you can refine the device specification
		     by appending the serial number of the display to it, e.g.
		     usb:12345.	  N.B.:	 The "identification by serial number"
		     feature doesn't work for some models because  some	 manu‐
		     facturers either don't set the USB serial number descrip‐
		     tor at all or do set it but not to a unique value.

	      A comma-delimited list of braille devices may be specified.   If
	      this  is	done  then  autodetection  is performed on each listed
	      device in sequence.  This feature is particularly useful if  you
	      have  a braille display with more than one interrface, e.g. both
	      a serial and a USB port.

       -e (--standard-error)
	      Write logs to standard error rather than to the system log (use‐
	      ful for debugging).

       -f file (--configuration-file=)
	      The path to the configuration file.  Relative paths are anchored
	      at the current  working  directory.   The	 built-in  default  is
	      /etc/brltty.conf.

       -h (--help)
	      Print a command line usage summary and then exit.

       -i name (--speech-input=)
	      The  file	 system	 object	 (FIFO, named pipe, named socket, etc)
	      which gives other applications access to brltty's speech	driver
	      for  text-to-speech  conversion.	 It's  created at start-up and
	      removed at termination.  Relative paths are anchored at the cur‐
	      rent  working  directory.	 The built-in default is that the file
	      system object is not created.

       -l level (--log-level=)
	      The minimum severity level for messages written to the log.  Any
	      of  the  following  numbers, or any abbreviation of their corre‐
	      sponding names, may be specified:

	      0	  emergency

	      1	  alert

	      2	  critical

	      3	  error

	      4	  warning

	      5	  notice

	      6	  information

	      7	  debug

       The built-in default is notice.

       -m device (--midi-device=)
	      The device to use for the Musical Instrument Digital  Interface.
	      For  ALSA it's client:port, where each may be either a number or
	      a case-sensitive substring of its name.	For  other  interfaces
	      it's  the full path to an appropriate system device.  The built-
	      in default is:

	      Linux/ALSA  the first available MIDI output port

	      Linux/OSS	  /dev/sequencer

       -n (--no-daemon)
	      Remain in the foreground (useful for debugging).

       -p device (--pcm-device=)
	      The device to use for digital audio.  For ALSA it's  name[:argu‐
	      ment,...].  For other interfaces it's the full path to an appro‐
	      priate system device.  The built-in default is:

	      FreeBSD	  /dev/dsp

	      Linux/ALSA  hw:0,0

	      Linux/OSS	  /dev/dsp

	      NetBSD	  /dev/audio

	      OpenBSD	  /dev/audio

	      Qnx	  the preferred PCM output device

	      Solaris	  /dev/audio

       -q (--quiet)
	      Suppress the start-up messages.  This is done  by	 reducing  the
	      default  log level (see the -l (--log-level=) option) to warning
	      (information if either -v (--verify) or -V (--version)  is  also
	      specified).

       -r (--release-device)
	      Release  the  device  to	which the braille display is connected
	      when the current screen or window can't be read.

       -s driver,...|auto (--speech-driver=)
	      The driver for the speech	 synthesizer  (see  Driver  Specifica‐
	      tion).  The built-in default is auto.

       -t table (--text-table=)
	      The  path	 to  the  text	table.	Relative paths are anchored at
	      /etc/brltty.  The .ttb  extension	 is  optional.	 The  built-in
	      default is nabcc.ttb (the North American Braille Computer Code).

       -v (--verify)
	      Print the start-up messages and then exit.  This always includes
	      the versions of brltty itself, the server side of	 its  applica‐
	      tion programming interface, and each of the selected braille and
	      speech drivers.  If the -q (--quiet) option isn't also specified
	      then  it	also  includes	the  values  of	 the options after all
	      sources have been considered.  If more than one  braille	driver
	      and/or  more  than  one  braille	device has been specified then
	      braille display autodetection is performed.  If  more  than  one
	      speech driver has been specified then speech synthesizer autode‐
	      tection is performed.

       -x driver (--screen-driver=)
	      The screen driver.  The built-in	default	 is  operating	system
	      appropriate.

       -A name=value,... (--api-parameters=)
	      Parameters  for  the  application programming interface.	If the
	      same parameter is specified more than once  then	the  rightmost
	      specification is used.  Parameter names may be abbreviated.

       -B [driver:]name=value,... (--braille-parameters=)
	      Parameters  for the braille display driver.  If the same parame‐
	      ter is specified more than once then the rightmost specification
	      is  used.	  Parameter  names may be abbreviated.	If a parameter
	      assignment is qualified with a driver identification  code  then
	      it's  only  processed  if	 that  braille display driver is being
	      used.

       -E (--environment-variables)
	      Recognize environment variables.

       -F file (--preferences-file=)
	      The path to the preferences file.	 Relative paths	 are  anchored
	      at /var/lib/brltty.  The built-in default is brltty.prefs.

       -I (--install-service)
	      (Windows	only)  Install brltty as the BrlAPI service so that it
	      will be automatically started when the system is booted  and  so
	      that applications can know that a BrlAPI server is running.

       -L file (--log-file=)
	      The  file to which log messages are written.  Relative paths are
	      anchored at the current working directory.  The  default	is  to
	      send log messages to the system log.

       -M csecs (--message-delay=)
	      The  message  hold time in hundredths of a second.  The built-in
	      default is 400 (4 seconds).

       -N (--no-api)
	      Don't start the application programming interface.

       -P file (--pid-file=)
	      The full path to the process identifier file.  If this option is
	      supplied,	 brltty	 writes	 its process identifier (pid) into the
	      specified file at start-up.  The file  is	 removed  when	brltty
	      terminates.

       -R (--remove-service)
	      (Windows only) Remove the BrlAPI service so that brltty will not
	      be automatically started when the system is booted and  so  that
	      applications can know that no BrlAPI server is running.

       -S [driver:]name=value,... (--speech-parameters=)
	      Parameters  for  the  speech  synthesizer	 driver.   If the same
	      parameter is specified more than once then the rightmost	speci‐
	      fication	is  used.   Parameter  names may be abbreviated.  If a
	      parameter assignment is qualified with a	driver	identification
	      code  then it's only processed if that speech synthesizer driver
	      is being used.

       -U csecs (--update-interval=)
	      The braille window update interval in hundredths	of  a  second.
	      The built-in default is 4 (25 times per second).

       -V (--version)
	      Print  the  versions  of	brltty	itself, the server side of its
	      application programming interface, and those drivers which  were
	      configured in at build-time, and then exit.  If the -q (--quiet)
	      option isn't also specified then also print  copyright  informa‐
	      tion.

       -X name=value,... (--screen-parameters=)
	      Parameters  for  the  screen  driver.   If the same parameter is
	      specified more than once then  the  rightmost  specification  is
	      used.  Parameter names may be abbreviated.

   Environment Variables
       The  following  environment variables are recognized if the -E (--envi‐
       ronment-variables) option is specified:

       BRLTTY_API_PARAMETERS=name=value,...
	      Parameters for the application programming interface.   See  the
	      -A (--api-parameters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_ATTRIBUTES_TABLE=table
	      The  attributes  table.  See the -a (--attributes-table=) option
	      for details.

       BRLTTY_BRAILLE_DEVICE=device,...
	      The device to which the braille display is connected.   See  the
	      -d (--braille-device=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_BRAILLE_DRIVER=driver,...|auto
	      The  driver  for	the  braille  display.	See the -b (--braille-
	      driver=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_BRAILLE_PARAMETERS=[driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the  braille  display  driver.	See   the   -B
	      (--braille-parameters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_CONFIGURATION_FILE=file
	      The  configuration  file.	  See  the  -f (--configuration-file=)
	      option for details.

       BRLTTY_CONTRACTION_TABLE=table
	      The contraction table.  See the -c (--contraction-table=) option
	      for details.

       BRLTTY_MIDI_DEVICE=device
	      The  device to use for the Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
	      See the -m (--midi-device=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_PCM_DEVICE=device
	      The device to use for digital audio.  See the -p (--pcm-device=)
	      option for details.

       BRLTTY_PREFERENCES_FILE=file
	      The  preferences	file.  See the -F (--preferences-file=) option
	      for details.

       BRLTTY_RELEASE_DEVICE=on|off
	      Release the device to which the  braille	display	 is  connected
	      when  the	 current  screen  or window can't be read.  See the -r
	      (--release-device) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SCREEN_DRIVER=driver
	      The screen driver.  See the  -x  (--screen-driver=)  option  for
	      details.

       BRLTTY_SCREEN_PARAMETERS=name=value,...
	      Parameters  for the screen driver.  See the -X (--screen-parame‐
	      ters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SPEECH_DRIVER=driver,...|auto
	      The driver for the speech synthesizer.  See  the	-s  (--speech-
	      driver=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SPEECH_INPUT=name
	      The  file system object which gives other applications access to
	      brltty's speech driver for text-to-speech conversion.   See  the
	      -i (--speech-input=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_SPEECH_PARAMETERS=[driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the  speech  synthesizer	 driver.   See	the -S
	      (--speech-parameters=) option for details.

       BRLTTY_TEXT_TABLE=table
	      The text table.  See the -t (--text-table=) option for details.

   The Configuration File
       Blank lines are ignored.	 If the character # occurs on  any  line  then
       all  characters	from  it to the end of that line are treated as a com‐
       ment.

       The following configuration directives are supported:

       api-parameters name=value,...
	      Parameters for the application programming interface.   See  the
	      -A (--api-parameters=) option for details.

       attributes-table table
	      The  attributes  table.  See the -a (--attributes-table=) option
	      for details.

       braille-device device,...
	      The device to which the braille display is connected.   See  the
	      -d (--braille-device=) option for details.

       braille-driver driver,...|auto
	      The  driver  for	the  braille  display.	See the -b (--braille-
	      driver=) option for details.

       braille-parameters [driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the  braille  display  driver.	See   the   -B
	      (--braille-parameters=) option for details.

       contraction-table table
	      The contraction table.  See the -c (--contraction-table=) option
	      for details.

       midi-device device
	      The device to use for the Musical Instrument Digital  Interface.
	      See the -m (--midi-device=) option for details.

       pcm-device device
	      The device to use for digital audio.  See the -p (--pcm-device=)
	      option for details.

       The preferences file.
	      See the -F (--preferences-file=) option for details.

       release-device on|off
	      Release the device to which the  braille	display	 is  connected
	      when  the	 current  screen  or window can't be read.  See the -r
	      (--release-device) option for details.

       screen-driver driver
	      The screen driver.  See the  -x  (--screen-driver=)  option  for
	      details.

       screen-parameters name=value,...
	      Parameters  for the screen driver.  See the -X (--screen-parame‐
	      ters=) option for details.

       speech-driver driver,...|auto
	      The driver for the speech synthesizer.  See  the	-s  (--speech-
	      driver=) option for details.

       speech-input 0me
	      The  file system object which gives other applications access to
	      brltty's speech driver for text-to-speech conversion.   See  the
	      -i (--speech-input=) option for details.

       speech-parameters [driver:]name=value,...
	      Parameters  for  the  speech  synthesizer	 driver.   See	the -S
	      (--speech-parameters=) option for details.

       text-table table
	      The text table.  See the -t (--text-table=) option for details.

   Driver Specification
       A braille display or speech synthesizer driver must  be	specified  via
       its identification code:

	      al  Alva

	      at  Albatross

	      ba  BrlAPI

	      bc  BrailComm

	      bd  Braudi

	      bl  BrailleLite

	      bm  Baum

	      bn  BrailleNote

	      cb  CombiBraille

	      ec  EcoBraille

	      es  eSpeak

	      eu  EuroBraille

	      fl  FestivalLite

	      fs  FreedomScientific

	      fv  Festival

	      gs  GenericSay

	      hm  HIMS

	      ht  HandyTech

	      il  IrisLinux

	      lb  Libbraille

	      lt  LogText

	      mb  MultiBraille

	      md  MDV

	      mn  MiniBraille

	      mp  Mikropuhe

	      mt  Metec

	      no  no driver

	      pg  Pegasus

	      pm  Papenmeier

	      sd  SpeechDispatcher

	      sk  Seika

	      sw  Swift

	      th  Theta

	      tn  TechniBraille Systems Inc.

	      ts  Telesensory Systems Inc.

	      tt  TTY

	      vd  VideoBraille

	      vo  Voyager, Part232 (serial adapter), BraillePen/EasyLink

	      vr  Virtual

	      vs  VisioBraille

	      vv  ViaVoice

	      xs  ExternalSpeech

	      xw  XWindow

	      A	 comma-delimited list of drivers may be specified.  If this is
	      done then autodetection is performed using each listed driver in
	      sequence.	  You may need to experiment in order to determine the
	      most reliable order since some drivers  autodetect  better  than
	      others.

	      If  the single word auto is specified then autodetection is per‐
	      formed using only those drivers which are known to  be  reliable
	      for this purpose.

SEE ALSO
       For    full    documentation,	see   brltty's	 on-line   manual   at
       [http://mielke.cc/brltty/doc/Manual-HTML/Manual.html].

brltty 4.3			   Oct 2011			     BRLTTY(1)
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