BTRFS(8)btrfsBTRFS(8)NAMEbtrfs - control a btrfs filesystem
SYNOPSISbtrfs subvolume create [-i <qgroupid>] [<dest>/]<name>
btrfs subvolume delete [options] <subvolume> [<subvolume>...]
btrfs subvolume list [options] [-G [+|-]value] [-C [+|-]value]
[--sort=rootid,gen,ogen,path] <path>
btrfs subvolume snapshot [-r] <source> <dest>|[<dest>/]<name>
btrfs subvolume get-default <path>
btrfs subvolume set-default <id> <path>
btrfs subvolume find-new <subvolume> <lastgen>
btrfs subvolume show <path>
btrfs filesystem df <path>
btrfs filesystem show [--mounted|--all-devices|<uuid>]
btrfs filesystem sync <path>
btrfs filesystem defragment [options] <file>|<dir> [<file>|<dir>...]
btrfs filesystem resize [devid:][+/-]<size>[gkm]|[devid:]max <path>
btrfs filesystem label [<device>|<mount_point>] [<newlabel>]
btrfs [filesystem] balance start [options] <path>
btrfs [filesystem] balance pause <path>
btrfs [filesystem] balance cancel <path>
btrfs [filesystem] balance resume <path>
btrfs [filesystem] balance status [-v] <path>
btrfs device add [-Kf] <device> [<device>...] <path>
btrfs device delete <device> [<device>...] <path>
btrfs device scan [--all-devices|<device> P[<device>...]
btrfs device ready <device>
btrfs device stats [-z] {<path>|<device>}
btrfs scrub start [-BdqrRf] [-c ioprio_class -n ioprio_classdata]
{<path>|<device>}
btrfs scrub cancel {<path>|<device>}
btrfs scrub resume [-BdqrR] [-c ioprio_class -n ioprio_classdata]
{<path>|<device>}
btrfs scrub status [-d] {<path>|<device>}
btrfs check [options] <device>
btrfs rescue chunk-recover [options] <path>
btrfs rescue super-recover [options] <path>
btrfs restore [options] <device>
btrfs inspect-internal inode-resolve [-v] <inode> <path>
btrfs inspect-internal logical-resolve [-Pv] [-s <size>] <logical>
<path>
btrfs inspect-internal subvolid-resolve <subvolid> <path>
btrfs inspect-internal rootid <path>
btrfs send [-ve] [-p <parent>] [-c <clone-src>] [-f <outfile>] <subvol>
[<subvol>...]
btrfs receive [-ve] [-f <infile>] <mount>
btrfs quota enable <path>
btrfs quota disable <path>
btrfs quota rescan [-s] <path>
btrfs qgroup assign <src> <dst> <path>
btrfs qgroup remove <src> <dst> <path>
btrfs qgroup create <qgroupid> <path>
btrfs qgroup destroy <qgroupid> <path>
btrfs qgroup show <path>
btrfs qgroup limit [options] <size>|none [<qgroupid>] <path>
btrfs replace start [-Bfr] <srcdev>|<devid> <targetdev> <mount_point>
btrfs replace status [-1] <mount_point>
btrfs replace cancel <mount_point>
btrfs help|--help
btrfs <command> --help
DESCRIPTIONbtrfs is used to control the filesystem and the files and directories
stored. It is the tool to create or destroy a snapshot or a subvolume
for the filesystem, to defrag a file or a directory, flush the data to
the disk, to resize the filesystem, to scan the device.
It is possible to abbreviate the commands unless the commands are
ambiguous. For example: it is possible to run btrfs sub snaps instead
of btrfs subvolume snapshot. But btrfs file s is not allowed, because
file s may be interpreted both as filesystem show and as filesystem
sync. In this case btrfs returns filesystem sync If a command is ter‐
minated by --help , the detailed help is showed. If the passed command
matches more commands, detailed help of all the matched commands is
showed. For example btrfs dev --help shows the help of all device* com‐
mands.
COMMANDS
subvolume create [-i <qgroupid>] [<dest>/]<name>
Create a subvolume <name> in <dest>. If <dest> is not given
subvolume <name> will be created in the current directory.
Options
-i <qgroupid>
Add the newly created subvolume to a qgroup. This option
can be given multiple times.
subvolume delete [options] <subvolume> [<subvolume>...]
Delete the subvolume(s) from the filesystem. If <subvolume> is
not a subvolume, btrfs returns an error but continues if there
are more arguments to process.
The corresponding directory is removed instantly but the data
blocks are removed later. The deletion does not involve full
commit by default due to performance reasons (as a consequence,
the subvolume may appear again after a crash). Use one of the
--commit options to wait until the operation is safely stored on
the media.
Options
-c|--commit-after
wait for transaction commit at the end of the operation
-C|--commit-each
wait for transaction commit after deleting each subvolume
subvolume list [options] [-G [+|-]value] [-C [+|-]value]
[--sort=rootid,gen,ogen,path] <path>
List the subvolumes present in the filesystem <path>. For every
subvolume the following information is shown by default. ID
<ID> top level <ID> path <path> where path is the relative path
of the subvolume to the top level subvolume.
The subvolume's ID may be used by the subvolume set-default com‐
mand, or at mount time via the subvolid= option. If -p is
given, then parent <ID> is added to the output between ID and
top level. The parent's ID may be used at mount time via the
subvolrootid= option.
Options
-p print parent ID.
-a print all the subvolumes in the filesystem and distinguish
between absolute and relative path with respect to the
given <path>.
-c print the ogeneration of the subvolume, aliases: ogen or
origin generation.
-g print the generation of the subvolume.
-o print only subvolumes bellow specified <path>.
-u print the UUID of the subvolume.
-q print the parent uuid of subvolumes (and snapshots).
-t print the result as a table.
-s only snapshot subvolumes in the filesystem will be listed.
-r only readonly subvolumes in the filesystem will be listed.
-G [+|-]value
list subvolumes in the filesystem that its generation is
>=, <= or = value. '+' means >= value, '-' means <= value,
If there is neither '+' nor '-', it means = value.
-C [+|-]value
list subvolumes in the filesystem that its ogeneration is
>=, <= or = value. The usage is the same to '-g' option.
--sort=rootid,gen,ogen,path
list subvolumes in order by specified items. you can add
'+' or '-' in front of each items, '+' means ascending, '-'
means descending. The default is ascending.
for --sort you can combine some items together by ',', just
like -sort=+ogen,-gen,path,rootid.
subvolume snapshot [-r] <source> <dest>|[<dest>/]<name>
Create a writable/readonly snapshot of the subvolume <source>
with the name <name> in the <dest> directory. If only <dest> is
given, the subvolume will be named the basename of <source>. If
<source> is not a subvolume, btrfs returns an error. If -r is
given, the snapshot will be readonly.
subvolume get-default <path>
Get the default subvolume of the filesystem <path>. The output
format is similar to subvolume list command.
subvolume set-default <id> <path>
Set the subvolume of the filesystem <path> which is mounted as
default. The subvolume is identified by <id>, which is returned
by the subvolume list command.
subvolume find-new <subvolume> <last_gen>
List the recently modified files in a subvolume, after
<last_gen> ID.
subvolume show <path>
Show information of a given subvolume in the <path>.
filesystem df <path>
Show space usage information for a mount point.
filesystem show [--mounted|--all-devices|<uuid>]
Show the btrfs filesystem with some additional info. If no
option or UUID is passed, btrfs shows information of all the
btrfs filesystem both mounted and unmounted. If --mounted is
passed, it would probe btrfs kernel to list mounted btrfsfilesystem(s); If --all-devices is passed, all the devices under
/dev are scanned; otherwise the devices list is extracted from
the /proc/partitions file.
filesystem sync <path>
Force a sync for the filesystem identified by <path>.
filesystem defragment [options] <file>|<dir> [<file>|<dir>...]
Defragment file data and/or directory metadata. If -r is passed,
files in dir will be defragmented recursively.
The start position and the number of bytes to defragment can be
specified by start and len. Any extent bigger than threshold
will be considered already defragged. Use 0 to take the kernel
default, and use 1 to say every single extent must be rewritten.
You can also turn on compression in defragment operations.
Options
-v be verbose
-c compress file contents while defragmenting
-r defragment files recursively
-f flush filesystem after defragmenting
-s start
defragment only from byte start onward
-l len
defragment only up to len bytes
-t size
defragment only files at least size bytes big
For start, len, size it is possible to append a suffix like
k for 1 KBytes, m for 1 MBytes...
NOTE: defragmenting with kernels up to 2.6.37 will unlink
COW-ed copies of data, don't use it if you use snapshots,
have de-duplicated your data or made copies with cp
--reflink.
filesystem resize [devid:][+/-]<size>[gkm]|[devid:]max <path>
Resize a filesystem identified by <path> for the underlying
device devid. The devid can be found with btrfs filesystem show
and defaults to 1 if not specified. The <size> parameter speci‐
fies the new size of the filesystem. If the prefix + or - is
present the size is increased or decreased by the quantity
<size>. If no units are specified, the unit of the <size>
parameter defaults to bytes. Optionally, the size parameter may
be suffixed by one of the following units designators: 'K', 'M',
or 'G', kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, respectively.
If 'max' is passed, the filesystem will occupy all available
space on the device devid.
The resize command does not manipulate the size of underlying
partition. If you wish to enlarge/reduce a filesystem, you must
make sure you can expand the partition before enlarging the
filesystem and shrink the partition after reducing the size of
the filesystem. This can done using fdisk(8) or parted(8) to
delete the existing partition and recreate it with the new
desired size. When recreating the partition make sure to use
the same starting disk cylinder as before.
filesystem label [<dev>|<mount_point>] [newlabel]
Show or update the label of a filesystem. [<device>|<mount‐
point>] is used to identify the filesystem. If a newlabel
optional argument is passed, the label is changed. The following
constraints exist for a label:
- the maximum allowable length shall be less than 256 chars
[filesystem] balance start [options] <path>
Balance chunks across the devices Balance and/or convert (change
allocation profile of) chunks that passed all filters in a
comma-separated list of filters for a particular chunk type. If
filter list is not given balance all chunks of that type. In
case none of the -d, -m or -s options is given balance all
chunks in a filesystem.
Options
-d[filters]
act on data chunks
-m[filters]
act on metadata chunks
-s[filters]
act on system chunks (only under -f)
-v be verbose
-f force reducing of metadata integrity
[filesystem] balance pause <path>
Pause running balance.
[filesystem] balance cancel <path>
Cancel running or paused balance.
[filesystem] balance resume <path>
Resume interrupted balance.
[filesystem] balance status [-v] <path>
Show status of running or paused balance.
Options
-v be verbose
device add [-Kf] <dev> [<dev>...] <path>
Add device(s) to the filesystem identified by <path>. If appli‐
cable, a whole device discard (TRIM) operation is performed.
Options
-K|--nodiscard
do not perform discard by default
-f|--force
force overwrite of existing filesystem on the given disk(s)
device delete <dev> [<dev>...] <path>
Remove device(s) from a filesystem identified by <path>.
device scan [--all-devices|<device> [<device>...]
If one or more devices are passed, these are scanned for a btrfs
filesystem. If no devices are passed, btrfs uses block devices
containing btrfs filesystem as listed by blkid. Finally, if
--all-devices is passed, all the devices under /dev are scanned.
device ready <device>
Check device to see if it has all of it's devices in cache for
mounting.
device stats [-z] {<path>|<device>}
Read and print the device IO stats for all devices of the
filesystem identified by <path> or for a single <device>.
Options
-z Reset stats to zero after reading them.
scrub start [-BdqrR] [-c ioprio_class -n ioprio_classdata]
{<path>|<device>}
Start a scrub on all devices of the filesystem identified by
<path> or on a single <device>. Without options, scrub is
started as a background process. Progress can be obtained with
the scrub status command. Scrubbing involves reading all data
from all disks and verifying checksums. Errors are corrected
along the way if possible.
The default IO priority of scrub is the idle class. The priority
can be configured similar to the ionice(1) syntax.
Options
-B Do not background and print scrub statistics when finished.
-d Print separate statistics for each device of the filesystem
(-B only).
-q Quiet. Omit error messages and statistics.
-r Read only mode. Do not attempt to correct anything.
-R Raw print mode. Print full data instead of summary.
-c ioprio_class
Set IO priority class (see ionice(1) manpage).
-n ioprio_classdata
Set IO priority classdata (see ionice(1) manpage).
-f force to check whether scrub has started or resumed in
userspace. this is useful when scrub stat record file is
damaged.
scrub cancel {<path>|<device>}
If a scrub is running on the filesystem identified by <path>,
cancel it. Progress is saved in the scrub progress file and
scrubbing can be resumed later using the scrub resume command.
If a <device> is given, the corresponding filesystem is found
and scrub cancel behaves as if it was called on that filesystem.
scrub resume [-BdqrR] [-c ioprio_class -n ioprio_classdata]
{<path>|<device>}
Resume a canceled or interrupted scrub cycle on the filesystem
identified by <path> or on a given <device>. Does not start a
new scrub if the last scrub finished successfully.
Options
see scrub start.
scrub status [-d] {<path>|<device>}
Show status of a running scrub for the filesystem identified by
<path> or for the specified <device>. If no scrub is running,
show statistics of the last finished or canceled scrub for that
filesystem or device.
Options
-d Print separate statistics for each device of the filesys‐
tem.
check [options] <device>
Check an unmounted btrfs filesystem.
Options
-s|--support <superblock>
use this superblock copy.
--repair
try to repair the filesystem.
--init-csum-tree
create a new CRC tree.
--init-extent-tree
create a new extent tree.
rescue chunk-recover [options] <device>
Recover the chunk tree by scanning the devices one by one.
Options
-y assume an answer of 'yes' to all questions.
-v verbose mode.
-h help.
rescue super-recover [options] <device>
Recover bad superblocks from good copies.
Options
-y assume an answer of 'yes' to all questions.
-v verbose mode.
restore [options] <device>
Try to restore files from a damaged filesystem(unmounted).
Options
-s get snapshots.
-x get extended attributes.
-v verbose.
-i ignore errors.
-o overwrite.
-t <location>
tree location.
-f <offset>
filesystem location.
-u <block>
super mirror.
-r <rootid>
root objectid.
-d find dir.
-l list tree roots.
inspect-internal inode-resolve [-v] <inode> <path>
Resolves an <inode> in subvolume <path> to all filesystem paths.
Options
-v verbose mode. print count of returned paths and ioctl()
return value
inspect-internal logical-resolve [-Pv] [-s bufsize] <logical> <path>
Resolves a <logical> address in the filesystem mounted at <path>
to all inodes. By default, each inode is then resolved to a
file system path (similar to the inode-resolve subcommand).
Options
-P skip the path resolving and print the inodes instead
-v verbose mode. print count of returned paths and all ioctl()
return values
-s <bufsize>
set inode container's size. This is used to increase inode
container's size in case it is not enough to read all the
resolved results. The max value one can set is 64k.
inspect-internal subvolid-resolve <subvolid> <path>
Get file system paths for the given subvolume ID.
inspect-internal rootid <path>
For a given file or directory, return the containing tree root
id. For a subvolume return it's own tree id.
The result is undefined for the so-called empty subvolumes
(identified by inode number 2).
send [-ve] [-p <parent>] [-c <clone-src>] [-f <outfile>] <subvol>
[<subvol>...]
Send the subvolume(s) to stdout. Sends the subvolume(s) speci‐
fied by <subvol> to stdout. By default, this will send the
whole subvolume. To do an incremental send, use '-p <parent>'.
If you want to allow btrfs to clone from any additional local
snapshots, use '-c <clone-src>' (multiple times where applica‐
ble). You must not specify clone sources unless you guarantee
that these snapshots are exactly in the same state on both
sides, the sender and the receiver. It is allowed to omit the
'-p <parent>' option when '-c <clone-src>' options are given, in
which case 'btrfs send' will determine a suitable parent among
the clone sources itself.
Options
-v Enable verbose debug output. Each occurrence of this option
increases the verbose level more.
-e If sending multiple subvols at once, use the new format and
omit the <end cmd> between the subvols.
-p <parent>
Send an incremental stream from <parent> to <subvol>.
-c <clone-src>
Use this snapshot as a clone source for an incremental send
(multiple allowed).
-f <outfile>
Output is normally written to stdout. To write to a file,
use this option. An alternative would be to use pipes.
receive [-ve] [-f <infile>] <mount>
Receive subvolumes from stdin. Receives one or more subvolumes
that were previously sent with btrfs send. The received subvol‐
umes are stored into <mount>. btrfs receive will fail with the
following case:
1.a receiving subvolume already exists.
2.a previously received subvolume was changed after it was
received.
3.default subvolume is changed or you don't mount btrfs filesys‐
tem with fs tree.
After receiving a subvolume, it is immediately set to read only.
Options
-v Enable verbose debug output. Each occurrence of this option
increases the verbose level more.
-f <infile>
By default, btrfs receive uses stdin to receive the subvol‐
umes. Use this option to specify a file to use instead.
-e Terminate after receiving an <end cmd> in the data stream.
Without this option, the receiver terminates only if an
error is recognized or on EOF.
quota enable <path>
Enable subvolume quota support for a filesystem.
quota disable <path>
Disable subvolume quota support for a filesystem.
quota rescan [-s] <path>
Trash all qgroup numbers and scan the metadata again with the
current config.
Options
-s show status of a running rescan operation.
qgroup assign <src> <dst> <path>
Enable subvolume qgroup support for a filesystem.
qgroup remove <src> <dst> <path>
Remove a subvol from a quota group.
qgroup create <qgroupid> <path>
Create a subvolume quota group.
qgroup destroy <qgroupid> <path>
Destroy a subvolume quota group.
qgroup show <path>
Show all subvolume quota groups.
qgroup limit [options] <size>|none [<qgroupid>] <path>
Limit the size of a subvolume quota group.
replace start [-Bfr] <srcdev>|<devid> <targetdev> <path>
Replace device of a btrfs filesystem. On a live filesystem,
duplicate the data to the target device which is currently
stored on the source device. If the source device is not avail‐
able anymore, or if the -r option is set, the data is built only
using the RAID redundancy mechanisms. After completion of the
operation, the source device is removed from the filesystem. If
the <srcdev> is a numerical value, it is assumed to be the
device id of the filesystem which is mounted at mount_point,
otherwise is is the path to the source device. If the source
device is disconnected, from the system, you have to use the
devid parameter format. The <targetdev> needs to be same size
or larger than the <srcdev>.
Options
-r only read from <srcdev> if no other zero-defect mirror
exists (enable this if your drive has lots of read errors,
the access would be very slow)
-f force using and overwriting <targetdev> even if it looks
like containing a valid btrfs filesystem. A valid filesys‐
tem is assumed if a btrfs superblock is found which con‐
tains a correct checksum. Devices which are currently
mounted are never allowed to be used as the <targetdev>
-B do not background
replace status [-1] <mount_point>
Print status and progress information of a running device
replace operation.
Options
-1 print once instead of print continuously until the replace
operation finishes (or is canceled)
replace cancel <mount_point>
Cancel a running device replace operation.
EXIT STATUSbtrfs returns a zero exist status if it succeeds. Non zero is returned
in case of failure.
AVAILABILITYbtrfs is part of btrfs-progs. Btrfs filesystem is currently under heavy
development, and not suitable for any uses other than benchmarking and
review. Please refer to the btrfs wiki http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org
for further details.
SEE ALSOmkfs.btrfs(8), ionice(1)btrfsBTRFS(8)
