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CATOPEN(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		    CATOPEN(3)

NAME
       catopen, catclose - open/close a message catalog

SYNOPSIS
       #include <nl_types.h>

       nl_catd catopen(const char *name, int flag);
       int catclose(nl_catd catalog);

DESCRIPTION
       The  function  catopen()	 opens a message catalog and returns a catalog
       descriptor.  The descriptor remains valid until catclose()  or  exec().
       If  a file descriptor is used to implement catalog descriptors then the
       FD_CLOEXEC flag will be set.

       The argument name specifies the name  of	 the  message  catalog	to  be
       opened.	 If  name  specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a '/'),
       then name specifies a pathname for the message catalog.	Otherwise, the
       environment  variable NLSPATH is used with name substituted for %N (see
       locale(7)).  It is unspecified whether NLSPATH will be  used  when  the
       process has root privileges.  If NLSPATH does not exist in the environ‐
       ment, or if a message catalog cannot be opened  in  any	of  the	 paths
       specified  by  it,  then	 an implementation defined path is used.  This
       latter default path may depend on the LC_MESSAGES locale	 setting  when
       the flag argument is NL_CAT_LOCALE and on the LANG environment variable
       when the flag argument is 0.  Changing  the  LC_MESSAGES	 part  of  the
       locale may invalidate open catalog descriptors.

       The  flag  argument to catopen() is used to indicate the source for the
       language to use.	 If it is set to NL_CAT_LOCALE then it	will  use  the
       current locale setting for LC_MESSAGES.	Otherwise it will use the LANG
       environment variable.

       The function catclose() closes the message catalog identified by	 cata‐
       log.   It  invalidates any subsequent references to the message catalog
       defined by catalog.

RETURN VALUE
       The function catopen() returns a message	 catalog  descriptor  of  type
       nl_catd on success.  On failure, it returns (nl_catd) -1 and sets errno
       to indicate the error. The possible error values include	 all  possible
       values for the open() call.

       The function catclose() returns 0 on success, or -1 on failure.

ENVIRONMENT
       LC_MESSAGES
	      May  be  the  source of the LC_MESSAGES locale setting, and thus
	      determine the language to use if flag is set to NL_CAT_LOCALE.

       LANG   The language to use if flag is 0.

NOTES
       The above  is  the  POSIX.1-2001	 description.	The  glibc  value  for
       NL_CAT_LOCALE  is  1.   (Compare	 MCLoadAll  below.)   The default path
       varies,	 but   usually	 looks	 at   a	  number   of	places	 below
       /usr/share/locale.

NOTES FOR LIBC4 AND LIBC5
       These functions are available for Linux since libc 4.4.4c.  In the case
       of linux libc4 and libc5, the catalog descriptor nl_catd is a mmap()'ed
       area  of	 memory	 and  not  a  file  descriptor.	  The flag argument to
       catopen() should be either MCLoadBySet (=0)  or	MCLoadAll  (=1).   The
       former value indicates that a set from the catalog is to be loaded when
       needed, whereas the latter causes the initial call to catopen() to load
       the  entire  catalog  into memory.  The default search path varies, but
       usually	looks  at  a  number   of   places   below   /etc/locale   and
       /usr/lib/locale.

CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001.   It  is  unclear	what  the source was for the constants
       MCLoadBySet and MCLoadAll.

SEE ALSO
       catgets(3), setlocale(3)

GNU				  2001-12-14			    CATOPEN(3)
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