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AUTOCONF(9)		 BSD Kernel Developer's Manual		   AUTOCONF(9)

NAME
     autoconf, config_search_loc, config_search_ia, config_found_sm_loc,
     config_found_ia, config_found, config_match, config_attach_loc,
     config_attach, config_attach_pseudo, config_detach, config_deactivate,
     config_defer, config_interrupts, config_mountroot, config_pending_incr,
     config_pending_decr, config_finalize_register — autoconfiguration frame‐
     work

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/param.h>
     #include <sys/device.h>
     #include <sys/errno.h>

     cfdata_t
     config_search_loc(cfsubmatch_t func, device_t parent, const char *ia,
	 const int *locs, void *aux);

     cfdata_t
     config_search_ia(cfsubmatch_t func, device_t parent, const char *ia,
	 void *aux);

     device_t
     config_found_sm_loc(device_t parent, const char *ia, const int *locs,
	 void *aux, cfprint_t print, cfsubmatch_t submatch);

     device_t
     config_found_ia(device_t parent, const char *ia, void *aux,
	 cfprint_t print);

     device_t
     config_found(device_t parent, void *aux, cfprint_t print);

     int
     config_match(device_t parent, cfdata_t cf, void *aux);

     device_t
     config_attach_loc(device_t parent, cfdata_t cf, const int *locs,
	 void *aux, cfprint_t print);

     device_t
     config_attach(device_t parent, cfdata_t cf, void *aux, cfprint_t print);

     device_t
     config_attach_pseudo(cfdata_t cf);

     int
     config_detach(device_t dev, int flags);

     int
     config_deactivate(device_t dev);

     int
     config_defer(device_t dev, void (*func)(device_t));

     void
     config_interrupts(device_t dev, void (*func)(device_t));

     void
     config_mountroot(device_t dev, void (*func)(device_t));

     void
     config_pending_incr();

     void
     config_pending_decr();

     int
     config_finalize_register(device_t dev, int (*func)(device_t));

DESCRIPTION
     Autoconfiguration is the process of matching hardware devices with an
     appropriate device driver.	 In its most basic form, autoconfiguration
     consists of the recursive process of finding and attaching all devices on
     a bus, including other busses.

     The autoconfiguration framework supports direct configuration where the
     bus driver can determine the devices present.  The autoconfiguration
     framework also supports indirect configuration where the drivers must
     probe the bus looking for the presence of a device.  Direct configuration
     is preferred since it can find hardware regardless of the presence of
     proper drivers.

     The autoconfiguration process occurs at system bootstrap and is driven by
     a table generated from a “machine description” file by config(1).	For a
     description of the config(1) “device definition” language, see config(9).

     Each device must have a name consisting of an alphanumeric string that
     ends with a unit number.  The unit number identifies an instance of the
     driver.  Device data structures are allocated dynamically during autocon‐
     figuration, giving a unique address for each instance.

FUNCTIONS
     config_search_loc(func, parent, ia, locs, aux)
	      Performs indirect configuration of physical devices.
	      config_search_loc() iterates over all potential children, call‐
	      ing the given function func for each one.	 If func is NULL,
	      config_search_loc() applies each child's match function instead.
	      The argument parent is the pointer to the parent's device struc‐
	      ture.  The argument ia is the interface attribute on which the
	      potential children should attach.	 It can be NULL, in which case
	      all children attaching to any attribute are considered.  The
	      locs argument lists the locator values for the device and are
	      passed to function func.	The given aux argument describes the
	      device that has been found and is simply passed on through func
	      to the child.  config_search_loc() returns a pointer to the
	      best-matched child or NULL otherwise.

	      The role of func is to call the match function for each device
	      and call config_attach_loc() for any positive matches.  If func
	      is NULL, then the parent should record the return value from
	      config_search_loc() and call config_attach_loc() itself.

	      Note that this function is designed so that it can be used to
	      apply an arbitrary function to all potential children.  In this
	      case callers may choose to ignore the return value.

     config_search_ia(func, parent, ia, aux)
	      This function is equivalent to calling config_search_loc(func,
	      parent, ia, locs, aux) with locs set to NULL.

     config_found_sm_loc(parent, ia, locs, aux, print, submatch)
	      Performs direct configuration on a physical device.
	      config_found_sm_loc() is called by the parent and in turn calls
	      the submatch function to call the match function as determined
	      by the configuration table.  If submatch is NULL, the driver
	      match functions are called directly.  The argument parent is the
	      pointer to the parent's device structure.	 The argument ia is
	      the name of the interface attribute on which the child will
	      attach, per config(5) syntax.  The argument locs lists the loca‐
	      tor values for the device.  The given aux argument describes the
	      device that has been found.  config_found_sm_loc() internally
	      uses config_search_loc(), passing on submatch, ia, locs and aux.
	      The softc structure for the matched device will be allocated,
	      and the appropriate driver attach function will be called.  If
	      the device is matched, the system prints the name of the child
	      and parent devices, and then calls the print function to produce
	      additional information if desired.  If no driver takes a match,
	      the same print function is called to complain.  The print func‐
	      tion is called with the aux argument and, if the matches failed,
	      the full name (including unit number) of the parent device, oth‐
	      erwise NULL.  The print function must return an integer value.

	      Two special strings, “not configured” and “unsupported” will be
	      appended automatically to non-driver reports if the return value
	      is UNCONF or UNSUPP respectively; otherwise the function should
	      return the value QUIET.

	      config_found_sm_loc() returns a pointer to the attached device's
	      softc structure if the device is attached, NULL otherwise.  Most
	      callers can ignore this value, since the system will already
	      have printed a diagnostic.

     config_found_ia(parent, ia, aux, print)
	      This function is equivalent to calling
	      config_found_sm_loc(parent, ia, locs, aux, print, submatch) with
	      locs and submatch set to NULL.  It is provided for better source
	      code readability with locator-less device buses.

     config_found(parent, aux, print)
	      This function is equivalent to calling
	      config_found_sm_loc(parent, ia, locs, aux, print, submatch) with
	      ia, locs and submatch set to NULL and is provided for compati‐
	      bility with older drivers.  New code should either make the
	      interface attribute explicit or prefer an indirect method based
	      on config_search_loc().

     config_match(parent, cf, aux)
	      Match a device.  Invokes the drivers match function according to
	      the configuration table.	The config_match() function returns a
	      nonzero integer indicating the confidence of supporting this
	      device and a value of 0 if the driver doesn't support the
	      device.

     config_attach_loc(parent, locs, cf, aux, print)
	      Attach a found device.  Allocates the memory for the softc
	      structure and calls the drivers attach function according to the
	      configuration table.  If successful, config_attach_loc() returns
	      the softc.  If unsuccessful, it returns NULL.

     config_attach(parent, cf, aux, print)
	      This function is equivalent to calling config_attach_loc(parent,
	      cf, locs, aux, print) with locs set to NULL.

     config_attach_pseudo(cf)
	      Create an instance of a pseudo-device driver.  config(5) syntax
	      allows the creation of pseudo-devices from which regular
	      device_t instances can be created.  Such objects are similar to
	      the devices that attach at the root of the device tree.

	      The caller is expected to allocate and fill the cfdata_t object
	      and pass it to config_attach_pseudo().  The content of that
	      object is similar to what is returned by config_search_loc() for
	      regular devices.

     config_detach(dev, flags)
	      Called by the parent to detach the child device.	The second
	      argument flags contains detachment flags.	 Valid values are
	      DETACH_FORCE (force detachment (e.g., because of hardware
	      removal)) and DETACH_QUIET (do not print a notice).
	      config_detach() returns zero if successful and an error code
	      otherwise.  config_detach() is always called from a thread con‐
	      text, allowing condition variables to be used while the device
	      detaches itself.

     config_deactivate(dev)
	      Called by the parent to deactivate the child device dev.
	      config_deactivate() is called from interrupt context to immedi‐
	      ately relinquish resources and notify dependent kernel subsys‐
	      tems that the device is about to be detached.  At some later
	      point config_detach() will be called to finalise the removal of
	      the device.

     config_defer(dev, func)
	      Called by the child to defer the remainder of its configuration
	      until all its parent's devices have been attached.  At this
	      point, the function func is called with the argument dev.

     config_interrupts(dev, func)
	      Called by the child to defer the remainder of its configuration
	      until interrupts are enabled.  At this point, the function func
	      is called with the argument dev.

     config_mountroot(dev, func)
	      Called by the child to defer the remainder of its configuration
	      until the root file system is mounted.  At this point, the func‐
	      tion func is called with the argument dev.  This is used for
	      devices that need to load firmware image from a mounted file
	      system.

     config_pending_incr()
	      Increment the config_pending semaphore.  It is used to account
	      for deferred configurations before mounting the root file sys‐
	      tem.

     config_pending_decr()
	      Decrement the config_pending semaphore.  It is used to account
	      for deferred configurations before mounting the root file sys‐
	      tem.

     config_finalize_register(dev, func)
	      Register a function to be called after all real devices have
	      been found.

	      Registered functions are all executed until all of them return
	      0.  The callbacks should return 0 to indicate they do not
	      require to be called another time, but they should be aware that
	      they still might be in case one of them returns 1.

CODE REFERENCES
     The autoconfiguration framework itself is implemented within the file
     sys/kern/subr_autoconf.c.	Data structures and function prototypes for
     the framework are located in sys/sys/device.h.

SEE ALSO
     config(1), config(5), condvar(9), config(9), driver(9)

HISTORY
     Autoconfiguration first appeared in 4.1BSD.  The autoconfiguration frame‐
     work was completely revised in 4.4BSD.  The detach and deactivate inter‐
     faces appeared in NetBSD 1.5.

BSD				 June 26, 2010				   BSD
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