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CPLX.INTRO(3CC4)					      CPLX.INTRO(3CC4)

NAME
       cplx.intro complex - introduction to C++ complex number math library

SYNOPSIS
       #include <complex.h>
       class complex {
       public:
	    complex(double real, double imag= 0.0);
	    complex();
	    ... // remainder not shown here
       };

       #include <iostream.h>
       ostream& operator<< (ostream&, const complex&);
       istream& operator>> (istream&, complex&);

DESCRIPTION
       This  implementation  of a complex number class and library is based on
       the complex math library supplied by USL.  Code written	for  use  with
       the USL library should work the same way with this implementation.

       Class  complex,	whose  definition is found in header file <complex.h>,
       uses a typical Cartesian coordinate implementation of mathematical com‐
       plex numbers.  The class includes:
       · functions  to	convert	 between polar and Cartesian coordinates.  See
       cartpol(3CC4).
       · overloaded versions of the arithmetic operations, some of  which  are
       optimized  for  combining  real	and  complex  operations.   See	 cplx‐
       ops(3CC4).
       · overloaded versions of the usual trigonometric functions.  See	 cplx‐
       trig(3CC4).
       · overloaded versions of the usual exponential and logarithm functions.
       See cplxexp(3CC4).
       · error handling which may  be  overridden  by  the  user.   See	 cplx‐
       err(3CC4).
       · functions  to	read  and  write  complex  numbers via iostreams.  See
       ios.intro(3CC4).

   Constructors
       complex()
	      Creates a complex number initialized to (0.0, 0.0).

       complex(x, y)
	      Creates a complex number initialized to (x, y), where  x	and  y
	      have  numerical types.  Argument y may be omitted, in which case
	      its value is taken as 0.

   Input/Output
       The library provides default input and  output  routines	 for  complex.
       Either  or  both	 of these may be replaced by the programmer by writing
       functions with the same signatures.  The default versions are described
       here.

       input_stream >> x
	      Expects the representation of a complex number to have the form
		   ( real , imag )
	      where and are integral or floating-point numbers in standard C++
	      format.  Any amount of whitespace	 may  preceed  or  follow  the
	      parentheses and comma.  If the first non-whitespace character is
	      not `(', that character will be replaced in the stream and there
	      will  be	nothing further extracted.  Otherwise, if the value is
	      not well-formed, extraction from the stream will stop as soon as
	      this  is	determined, and the stream will be put into a "failed"
	      state.  (See the iostream documentation.)	 In either case, or if
	      there  is any other error condition, complex variable x will get
	      the value (0,0).	If the input is in the proper form, x will get
	      the represented complex value.

       output_stream << x
	      Writes  the  value of complex x to the output stream in the form
	      expected by the input function as noted above.

SEE ALSO
       cartpol(3CC4), cplxerr(3CC4), cplxexp(3CC4), cplxops(3CC4), cplx‐
       trig(3CC4), ios.intro(3CC4), intro(2), ieee_values(3M), and perror(3C).

DIAGNOSTICS
       In general, one of the values (0, 0), (0, ±HUGE_VAL), (±HUGE_VAL, 0),
       or (±HUGE_VAL, ±HUGE_VAL) will be returned when a result is too large
       or is mathematically undefined.	HUGE_VAL is defined in the header
       <math.h>, which is included by <complex.h>, and in this implementation
       has the value corresponding to infinity.	 See ieee_values(3M).  When
       such an error condition occurs, external variable errno is set to EDOM
       or ERANGE.  See perror(3C), intro(2).

				08 August 2000		      CPLX.INTRO(3CC4)
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