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dde(n)			     Tcl Built-In Commands			dde(n)

______________________________________________________________________________

NAME
       dde - Execute a Dynamic Data Exchange command

SYNOPSIS
       package require dde 1.1

       dde servername ?topic?

       dde ?-async? command service topic ?data?
_________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION
       This  command allows an application to send Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
       command when running under Microsoft Windows. Dynamic Data Exchange  is
       a mechanism where applications can exchange raw data. Each DDE transac‐
       tion needs a service name and a topic. Both the service name and	 topic
       are  application	 defined; Tcl uses the service name TclEval, while the
       topic name is the name of the  interpreter  given  by  dde  servername.
       Other  applications  have  their	 own  service  names  and  topics. For
       instance, Microsoft Excel has the service name Excel.

       The only option to the dde command is:

       -async Requests asynchronous invocation.	 This is valid	only  for  the
	      execute  subcommand.  Normally, the dde execute subcommand waits
	      until the command completes, returning  appropriate  error  mes‐
	      sages. When the -async option is used, the command returns imme‐
	      diately, and no error information is available.

DDE COMMANDS
       The following commands are a subset of the full Dynamic	Data  Exchange
       set of commands.

       dde servername ?topic?
	      dde  servername  registers  the interpreter as a DDE server with
	      the service name TclEval and the topic name specified by	topic.
	      If  no  topic  is	 given, dde servername returns the name of the
	      current topic or the empty string if it is not registered	 as  a
	      service.

       dde execute service topic data
	      dde  execute takes the data and sends it to the server indicated
	      by service with the topic indicated by topic. Typically, service
	      is  the  name of an application, and topic is a file to work on.
	      The data field is given to the  remote  application.  Typically,
	      the  application	treats	the  data  field  as a script, and the
	      script is run in the application. The command returns  an	 error
	      if the script did not run. If the -async flag was used, the com‐
	      mand returns immediately with no error.

       dde poke service topic item data
	      dde poke passes the data to  the	server	indicated  by  service
	      using  the  topic and item specified.  Typically, service is the
	      name of an application.  topic is application specific  but  can
	      be  a  command  to  the server or the name of a file to work on.
	      The item is also application specific and is often not used, but
	      it  must	always	be  non-null.	The data field is given to the
	      remote application.

       dde request service topic item
	      dde request is typically used to get the value of something; the
	      value of a cell in Microsoft Excel or the text of a selection in
	      Microsoft Word. service is typically the name of an application,
	      topic  is	 typically  the name of the file, and item is applica‐
	      tion-specific. The command returns the value of item as  defined
	      in the application.

       dde services service topic
	      dde  services  returns  a	 list of service-topic pairs that cur‐
	      rently exist on the machine. If service and topic are both  null
	      strings  ({}),  then all service-topic pairs currently available
	      on the system are returned. If service is null and topic is not,
	      then all services with the specified topic are returned. If ser‐
	      vice is not null and topic is, all topics for  a	given  service
	      are  returned.  If both are not null, if that service-topic pair
	      currently exists, it is returned; otherwise, null is returned.

       dde eval topic cmd ?arg arg ...?
	      dde eval evaluates a command and its arguments using the	inter‐
	      preter  specified	 by topic. The DDE service must be the TclEval
	      service.	This command can be used to replace send on Windows.

DDE AND TCL
       A Tcl interpreter always has a service name of TclEval.	Each different
       interpreter of all running Tcl applications must be given a unique name
       specified by dde servername. Each interp is available as	 a  DDE	 topic
       only  if	 the  dde  servername  command was used to set the name of the
       topic for each interp. So a dde services TclEval {} command will return
       a  list	of  service-topic  pairs,  where each of the currently running
       interps will be a topic.

       When Tcl processes a dde execute command, the data for the  execute  is
       run  as	a  script  in the interp named by the topic of the dde execute
       command.

       When Tcl processes a dde request command, it returns the value  of  the
       variable given in the dde command in the context of the interp named by
       the dde topic. Tcl reserves the	variable  $TCLEVAL$EXECUTE$RESULT  for
       internal	 use,  and  dde	 request  commands for that variable will give
       unpredictable results.

       An external application which wishes to run a script in Tcl should have
       that  script  store  its result in a variable, run the dde execute com‐
       mand, and the run dde request to get the value of the variable.

       When using DDE, be careful to ensure that the event  queue  is  flushed
       using  either update or vwait.  This happens by default when using wish
       unless a blocking command is called (such as exec without adding the  &
       to  place  the process in the background).  If for any reason the event
       queue is not flushed, DDE commands may hang until the  event  queue  is
       flushed.	 This can create a deadlock situation.

SEE ALSO
       tk, winfo, send

KEYWORDS
       application, dde, name, remote execution

Tcl				      8.1				dde(n)
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