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dde(n)			     Tcl Bundled Packages			dde(n)

______________________________________________________________________________

NAME
       dde - Execute a Dynamic Data Exchange command

SYNOPSIS
       package require dde 1.4

       dde servername ?-force? ?-handler proc? ?--? ?topic?

       dde execute ?-async? ?-binary? service topic data		       │

       dde poke ?-binary? service topic item data

       dde request ?-binary? service topic item

       dde services service topic

       dde eval ?-async? topic cmd ?arg arg ...?
_________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION
       This  command allows an application to send Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
       command when running under Microsoft Windows. Dynamic Data Exchange  is
       a mechanism where applications can exchange raw data. Each DDE transac‐
       tion needs a service name and a topic. Both the service name and	 topic
       are  application	 defined; Tcl uses the service name TclEval, while the
       topic name is the name of the  interpreter  given  by  dde  servername.
       Other  applications  have  their	 own  service  names  and  topics. For
       instance, Microsoft Excel has the service name Excel.

DDE COMMANDS
       The following commands are a subset of the full Dynamic	Data  Exchange
       set of commands.

       dde servername ?-force? ?-handler proc? ?--? ?topic?
	      dde  servername  registers  the interpreter as a DDE server with
	      the service name TclEval and the topic name specified by	topic.
	      If  no  topic  is	 given, dde servername returns the name of the
	      current topic or the empty string if it is not registered	 as  a
	      service.	If the given topic name is already in use, then a suf‐
	      fix of the form “ #2” or “ #3” is appended to the name  to  make
	      it  unique. The command's result will be the name actually used.
	      The -force option is used to force registration of precisely the
	      given topic name.

	      The  -handler  option  specifies	a  Tcl	procedure that will be
	      called to process calls to the dde server. If  the  package  has
	      been  loaded  into  a safe interpreter then a -handler procedure
	      must be defined. The procedure is called with all the  arguments
	      provided by the remote call.

       dde execute ?-async? ?-binary? service topic data
	      dde  execute takes the data and sends it to the server indicated
	      by service with the topic indicated by topic. Typically, service
	      is  the  name of an application, and topic is a file to work on.
	      The data field is given to the remote  application.   Typically,
	      the  application	treats	the  data  field  as a script, and the
	      script is run in the application.	 The  -async  option  requests
	      asynchronous  invocation.	  The command returns an error message
	      if the script did not run, unless the -async flag was  used,  in
	      which case the command returns immediately with no error.	 With‐ │
	      out the -binary option all data will be sent in unicode. For dde │
	      clients  which  don't implement the CF_UNICODE clipboard format, │
	      this will automatically be translated to	the  system  encoding. │
	      You can use the -binary option in combination with the result of │
	      encoding convertto to send data in any other encoding.

       dde poke ?-binary? service topic item data
	      dde poke passes the data to  the	server	indicated  by  service
	      using  the  topic and item specified.  Typically, service is the
	      name of an application.  topic is application specific  but  can
	      be  a  command  to  the server or the name of a file to work on.
	      The item is also application specific and is often not used, but
	      it  must	always	be  non-null.	The data field is given to the
	      remote application.  Without the -binary option all data will be │
	      sent  in	unicode.  For  dde  clients  which don't implement the │
	      CF_UNICODE clipboard format, this will automatically  be	trans‐ │
	      lated  to the system encoding. You can use the -binary option in │
	      combination with the result of encoding convertto to  send  data │
	      in any other encoding.

       dde request ?-binary? service topic item
	      dde request is typically used to get the value of something; the
	      value of a cell in Microsoft Excel or the text of a selection in
	      Microsoft Word. service is typically the name of an application,
	      topic is typically the name of the file, and  item  is  applica‐
	      tion-specific.  The command returns the value of item as defined
	      in the application.  Normally this is interpreted to be a string
	      with  terminating	 null.	If -binary is specified, the result is
	      returned as a byte array.

       dde services service topic
	      dde services returns a list of  service-topic  pairs  that  cur‐
	      rently exist on the machine. If service and topic are both empty
	      strings ({}), then all service-topic pairs  currently  available
	      on  the  system  are  returned. If service is empty and topic is
	      not, then all services with the specified topic are returned. If
	      service  is  non-empty and topic is, all topics for a given ser‐
	      vice are returned. If both are non-empty, if that	 service-topic
	      pair  currently  exists,	it  is	returned;  otherwise, an empty
	      string is returned.

       dde eval ?-async? topic cmd ?arg arg ...?
	      dde eval evaluates a command and its arguments using the	inter‐
	      preter  specified	 by topic. The DDE service must be the TclEval
	      service.	The -async option  requests  asynchronous  invocation.
	      The  command returns an error message if the script did not run,
	      unless the -async flag was  used,	 in  which  case  the  command
	      returns  immediately with no error.  This command can be used to
	      replace send on Windows.

DDE AND TCL
       A Tcl interpreter always has a service name of TclEval.	Each different
       interpreter of all running Tcl applications must be given a unique name
       specified by dde servername. Each interp is available as	 a  DDE	 topic
       only  if	 the  dde  servername  command was used to set the name of the
       topic for each interp. So a dde services TclEval {} command will return
       a  list	of  service-topic  pairs,  where each of the currently running
       interps will be a topic.

       When Tcl processes a dde execute command, the data for the  execute  is
       run  as	a  script  in the interp named by the topic of the dde execute
       command.

       When Tcl processes a dde request command, it returns the value  of  the
       variable given in the dde command in the context of the interp named by
       the dde topic. Tcl reserves the	variable  $TCLEVAL$EXECUTE$RESULT  for
       internal	 use,  and  dde	 request  commands for that variable will give
       unpredictable results.

       An external application which wishes to run a script in Tcl should have
       that  script  store  its result in a variable, run the dde execute com‐
       mand, and then run dde request to get the value of the variable.

       When using DDE, be careful to ensure that the event  queue  is  flushed
       using  either update or vwait.  This happens by default when using wish
       unless a blocking command is called (such as exec without adding the  &
       to  place  the process in the background).  If for any reason the event
       queue is not flushed, DDE commands may hang until the  event  queue  is
       flushed.	 This can create a deadlock situation.

EXAMPLE
       This  asks Internet Explorer (which must already be running) to go to a
       particularly important website:

	      package require dde
	      dde execute -async iexplore WWW_OpenURL http://www.tcl.tk/

SEE ALSO
       tk(n), winfo(n), send(n)

KEYWORDS
       application, dde, name, remote execution

dde				      1.4				dde(n)
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