echo man page on Manjaro

Man page or keyword search:  
man Server   11224 pages
apropos Keyword Search (all sections)
Output format
Manjaro logo
[printable version]

ECHO(1P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		      ECHO(1P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the	 corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       echo — write arguments to standard output

SYNOPSIS
       echo [string...]

DESCRIPTION
       The echo utility writes its arguments to standard output, followed by a
       <newline>.  If there are no arguments, only the <newline> is written.

OPTIONS
       The  echo  utility  shall not recognize the "−−" argument in the manner
       specified  by  Guideline	 10  of	 the  Base   Definitions   volume   of
       POSIX.1‐2008,  Section  12.2,  Utility Syntax Guidelines; "−−" shall be
       recognized as a string operand.

       Implementations shall not support any options.

OPERANDS
       The following operands shall be supported:

       string	 A string to be written to standard output. If the first oper‐
		 and  is  −n,  or if any of the operands contain a <backslash>
		 character, the results are implementation-defined.

		 On XSI-conformant systems, if the first  operand  is  −n,  it
		 shall	be  treated  as a string, not an option. The following
		 character sequences shall  be	recognized  on	XSI-conformant
		 systems within any of the arguments:

		 \a	 Write an <alert>.

		 \b	 Write a <backspace>.

		 \c	 Suppress  the	<newline>  that	 otherwise follows the
			 final argument in the output. All characters  follow‐
			 ing the '\c' in the arguments shall be ignored.

		 \f	 Write a <form-feed>.

		 \n	 Write a <newline>.

		 \r	 Write a <carriage-return>.

		 \t	 Write a <tab>.

		 \v	 Write a <vertical-tab>.

		 \\	 Write a <backslash> character.

		 \0num	 Write	an  8-bit value that is the zero, one, two, or
			 three-digit octal number num.

STDIN
       Not used.

INPUT FILES
       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of echo:

       LANG	 Provide a default value for  the  internationalization	 vari‐
		 ables	that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions vol‐
		 ume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 8.2, Internationalization	 Vari‐
		 ables	for  the  precedence of internationalization variables
		 used to determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC_ALL	 If set to a non-empty string value, override  the  values  of
		 all the other internationalization variables.

       LC_CTYPE	 Determine  the	 locale for the interpretation of sequences of
		 bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
		 opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

       LC_MESSAGES
		 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format
		 and contents  of  diagnostic  messages	 written  to  standard
		 error.

       NLSPATH	 Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing
		 of LC_MESSAGES.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.

STDOUT
       The echo utility arguments shall be separated by single <space> charac‐
       ters  and a <newline> character shall follow the last argument.	Output
       transformations shall occur based on the escape sequences in the input.
       See the OPERANDS section.

STDERR
       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES
       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:

	0    Successful completion.

       >0    An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       It is not possible to use echo portably across all POSIX systems unless
       both −n (as the first argument) and escape sequences are omitted.

       The printf utility can be used portably to emulate any  of  the	tradi‐
       tional  behaviors of the echo utility as follows (assuming that IFS has
       its standard value or is unset):

	*  The historic System V echo and the requirements on XSI  implementa‐
	   tions in this volume of POSIX.1‐2008 are equivalent to:

	       printf "%b\n$*"

	*  The BSD echo is equivalent to:

	       if [ "X$1" = "X−n" ]
	       then
		   shift
		   printf "%s$*"
	       else
		   printf "%s\n$*"
	       fi

       New applications are encouraged to use printf instead of echo.

EXAMPLES
       None.

RATIONALE
       The echo utility has not been made obsolescent because of its extremely
       widespread use in historical applications. Conforming applications that
       wish  to do prompting without <newline> characters or that could possi‐
       bly be expecting to echo a −n, should use the  printf  utility  derived
       from the Ninth Edition system.

       As  specified,  echo  writes its arguments in the simplest of ways. The
       two different historical versions of echo vary in fatally  incompatible
       ways.

       The  BSD	 echo checks the first argument for the string −n which causes
       it to suppress the <newline> that  would	 otherwise  follow  the	 final
       argument in the output.

       The  System  V  echo  does  not	support any options, but allows escape
       sequences within its operands, as described for XSI implementations  in
       the OPERANDS section.

       The  echo  utility does not support Utility Syntax Guideline 10 because
       historical applications depend on echo to echo all  of  its  arguments,
       except for the −n option in the BSD version.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       printf

       The  Base  Definitions  volume  of POSIX.1‐2008, Chapter 8, Environment
       Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),	The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electri‐
       cal and Electronics Engineers,  Inc  and	 The  Open  Group.   (This  is
       POSIX.1-2008  with  the	2013  Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The  Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
       is the referee document. The original Standard can be  obtained	online
       at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any  typographical  or  formatting  errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files  to  man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker‐
       nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2013			      ECHO(1P)
[top]

List of man pages available for Manjaro

Copyright (c) for man pages and the logo by the respective OS vendor.

For those who want to learn more, the polarhome community provides shell access and support.

[legal] [privacy] [GNU] [policy] [cookies] [netiquette] [sponsors] [FAQ]
Tweet
Polarhome, production since 1999.
Member of Polarhome portal.
Based on Fawad Halim's script.
....................................................................
Vote for polarhome
Free Shell Accounts :: the biggest list on the net