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elm(1) elm(1)
NAME
elm - process electronic mail through a screen-oriented interface
SYNOPSIS
folder]
subject] address-list
[alias-list]
DESCRIPTION
The program is a screen-oriented electronic mail processing system. It
supports the industry-wide MIME standard for nontext mail, a special
forms message and forms reply mechanism, and an easy-to-use alias sys‐
tem for individuals and groups. operates in three principal modes:
· Interactive mode, running as an interactive mail interface pro‐
gram. (First syntax.)
· Message mode, sending a single interactive message to a list of
mail addresses from a shell command line. (Second syntax.)
· File mode, sending a file or command output to a list of mail
addresses via a command-line pipe or redirection. (Second syn‐
tax.)
In all three cases, honors the values that are set in your initializa‐
tion file, in your alias database, and in the system alias database.
The modes are described below in inverse order (shortest description to
longest).
Options
The following options are recognized:
Set Use the arrow instead of the inverse bar to mark
the current item in the various indexes. This
overrides the setting of the boolean variable
(see the section).
Check alias. Check the aliases in alias-list against your per‐
sonal alias database and the system alias data‐
base. The results are written to standard out‐
put. Errors are reported first, in the form:
alias
Successes are reported in a header-entry format,
with group aliases replaced by their members, in
the form:
If there is no fullname, the "" portion is omit‐
ted.
Folder file. Read mail from the folder file rather than from
the incoming mailbox. A folder file is in the
standard mail file format, as created by the mail
system or saved by itself.
Help. Display an annotated list of command-line
options.
Set Disable the use of softkeys (HP 2622 function
keys). This overrides the setting of the boolean
variable (see the section).
Set and Disable the use of softkeys and arrow cursor
keys. If your terminal does not have the HP 2622
function key protocols, this option is required.
This overrides the settings of the and boolean
variables (see the section).
Set Do not display the command menus on several
Interactive Mode screens. This overrides the
setting of the boolean variable (see the sec‐
tion).
Subject. Specify the subject for a File Mode or Message
Mode message.
Set Do not use the and cursor-positioning entries.
This overrides the setting of the boolean vari‐
able (see the section).
Verbose transmission.
Pass outbound messages to the mail transport
agent using the option (see sendmail(1M)).
Version. Print out the version information. This displays
the version number and the compilation features
that were specified or omitted.
Zero. Do not enter if there is no mail in the incoming
mailbox.
Operands
The following operands are recognized:
address-list A blank-separated list of one or more mail
addresses, your user aliases, or system aliases.
alias-list A blank-separated list of one or more of your
user aliases or system aliases.
Terminology
The following terms are used throughout this manpage.
A space or a tab character,
sometimes known as linear white space.
The body of a message.
See
See
A boolean, numeric, or string variable
that defines default behavior in the mail system. See the
section.
The source file,
for the system alias database.
The source file ,
for a user's own alias database.
A file, where a user can specify special header entries that are
included in all outbound messages.
A file, that defines the initial values for configuration variables.
A global variable set in the shell that called
See the section.
A file that contains mail messages in the format created by
or
The first and last name of a user, as extracted from an alias text file
or from the file.
The header of a message.
See
An entry in the header portion of a message, sometimes called a header
field.
The mailbox where you receive your mail, usually
The directory, defined by the
string variable, where a user normally stores mail messages
in folders.
The program that sends and receives mail messages to and from other
systems.
On HP-UX systems, the MTA is (see sendmail(1M)).
A file that contains information on how to compose and display
mail messages that are not just seven- and eight-bit ASCII
characters.
A system program that processes nontext mail messages.
In a folder, a sequence of text lines comprised of a message delimiter,
a header, and a body. The message delimiter is a line in the
form:
The starts after the message delimiter and ends with the
first null line. The begins at the null line and ends at the
next message delimiter. A body can have subsections, called
or which have are comprised of a boundary delimiter, a
header, and a body. This process can be recursive. See the
section for more details.
See
The alias database,
that is used by the MTA to direct local mail.
A file that is appended to your outbound messages,
usually containing information about yourself. You can have
two signature files, one for messages to your local machine
and one for other messages. See the and string variables.
See
Usually the login or mailbox name of someone you send mail to.
See and
FILE MODE
If standard input is connected to a pipe or to a file, and an address-
list is specified, operates in File Mode.
The output of the previous command in the pipe, or the content of the
file, is mailed to the members of the address-list. The address-list
is expanded, based on your alias database and the system alias data‐
base, and placed in the header entry.
If is omitted or subject is null, subject defaults to:
The expressed or default value of subject is placed in the header
entry.
See the section.
MESSAGE MODE
If standard input is connected to your terminal, and an address-list is
specified, operates in Message Mode.
The address-list is expanded, based on your alias database and the sys‐
tem alias database, and placed in the header entry. The header entry
is displayed, in the same form as for the Message Menu (mail) command
in Interactive Mode.
The value of subject, if nonnull, or a null string, is placed in the
header entry and the line is displayed for modification.
If is in your file, you are prompted for
Then the editor defined by the string variable (if a signature file is
not added) or the string variable (if a signature file is added) is
started so that you can write your message.
When you leave your editor, you enter the Send Menu, as described for
Interactive Mode.
If you choose the Send Menu (send) command, the message is sent and the
program terminates. If you select the Send Menu (forget) command, the
message is stored in and the program terminates. If you select other
commands, the appropriate action occurs.
See the section.
INTERACTIVE MODE
If standard input is connected to your terminal, and there is no
address-list, operates in a screen-oriented Interactive Mode.
If you do not have a directory, or if you do not have a mail directory,
defined by the string variable, you are asked in turn if they should be
created. You can answer for yes, for no, or for quit. For or the
directories are created or not, as appropriate, and the program contin‐
ues. For the program terminates.
Overview
When invoked, reads customized variables from file (if it exists) to
initialize parameters. This file can be saved from within and some of
these variables can also be modified with the Message Menu (option)
command.
first displays the Main or Message Menu, which shows index entries for
the messages in your incoming mailbox or selected mail folder. Among
other options, you can read, print, reply to, and forward these mes‐
sages, as well as initiate new mail messages to other users.
You can also move to the Alias Menu, where you can create, modify, and
delete your personal aliases. From the Alias Menu, you can select one
or more of your aliases and send a message to the corresponding users.
When you send a message, you can include attachments in a number of
formats, such as PostScript, images, audio, and video, as well as plain
text. The attachments are managed separately, which can be convenient
both for you and your correspondents.
Sending Messages
When you send a message, you use the editor defined by the or string
variable. If is your editor, a set of commands described in the sub‐
section is available while composing your message
If the file exists (see the section), all nonblank lines in the file
are copied to the headers of all outbound mail. This is useful for
adding special information headers such as and so forth.
MIME Support
supports the MIME protocols for headers and messages (RFC 1521 and RFC
1522) enabling it to view and send mail containing other than normal
ASCII text. For example, the mail contents can be audio, video,
images, etc., or a combination of these.
This also enables conformance with SMTP (RFC 821), which allows only
7-bit characters in the message, by using MIME-encoding and to convert
8-bit data to 7-bit.
also provides a facility to view multipart MIME messages. If receives
a message whose type is not it invokes which invokes the appropriate
utility (for example, an audio editor, to display the different mail
parts according to the content type (for example,
Aliases
has its own alias system that supports both personal and system-wide
aliases. Personal aliases are specific to a single user; system
aliases are available to everyone on the system where the system
aliases reside (see newalias(1)). You can access the Alias Menu by
executing the Message Menu (alias) command. You can then create and
save an alias for the current message, create and check other aliases,
and send messages to one or more aliases.
Aliases are limited to 2500 bytes. If you wish to create a group alias
that is longer than 2500 bytes, please ask your system administrator to
create it for you in the system alias file, (see sendmail(1M)).
INTERACTIVE MODE MENUS AND COMMANDS
This section begins with the Message Menu, which is the main screen for
Interactive Mode. The rest of the menus are presented alphabetically.
Message Menu
The Message Index is displayed on the Message Menu. You can use the
following commands to manipulate and send messages. Some commands use
a series of prompts to complete their action. You can use to cancel
their operations.
The commands are:
Shell Escape. Send command to the shell defined by the string
variable without leaving
Display all known information about the current message.
Resynchronize the messages without leaving
If there are any messages marked for deletion,
you are asked if you want to delete them. If any
messages are deleted or any status flags have
changed, the messages are written back to the
mailbox file. All tags are removed.
Display the computed return address of the current message.
Set the current message pointer to the last message.
Display the next message index page, when applicable.
Display the previous message index page, when applicable.
Pattern match. Search for pattern in the from and subject fields
of the current message index. The search starts
at the current message and wraps around to the
beginning of the index. The current message
pointer is set to the first message that matches.
Uppercase and lowercase are treated as equiva‐
lent.
Pattern match. Search for pattern through all the lines of the
current folder. The search starts at the current
message and wraps around to the beginning of the
folder. The current message pointer is set to
the first message that matches. Uppercase and
lowercase are treated as equivalent.
Calendar. Scan message for calendar entries and add them to
your calendar file. A calendar entry is defined
as a line whose first nonblank characters are as
in:
The delimiter and surrounding blanks are removed
before the entry is added to the calendar file.
Resultant blank lines are ignored. You can
define the calendar file name in your file or
with the Options Menu.
Set the current message pointer to the first message.
Save in folder.
Same as the Message Menu (save) command.
Help on key. Display a one-line description of what each key
does. displays a summary listing for each com‐
mand available. A period returns you to the Mes‐
sage Menu.
Display a summary of the messages indexed on the current screen.
Pipe the current message or the set of tagged messages
through other filters as desired. Use the shell
defined by the string variable.
n New current message. Change the current message
pointer to the one indexed as n. If the message
is not on the current page of headers, the appro‐
priate page displayed.
Read current message.
The screen is cleared and the current message is
displayed by the pager defined by the string
variable.
Alias. Switch to the Alias Menu.
Bounce mail. This is similar to forwarding a message, except
that you do not edit the message and the return
address is set to the original sender's address,
rather than to your address.
Change folder. This command is used to change the file whose
messages are displayed on the Message Menu. You
are asked for a file name. The file must be in
message format; otherwise, aborts. You can use
the customary wildcards for your shell, as well
as the following special names:
Your incoming mail folder.
Your received folder, defined by the
string variable.
Your sent folder, defined by the
string variable.
The previously used folder.
The default folder for the login name associated
with the
alias alias.
A file in the directory defined by the
string variable.
Copy message. Save the current message or the set of tagged
messages to a folder. You are prompted for a
file name with a default value. The default
value is a file in the directory with the user
name of the sender of the first message in the
set being saved. Any tags are cleared. Unlike
the and commands, the messages are not marked for
deletion and the current message pointer is not
moved.
Delete. Mark the current message for deletion. See also
and
Delete. Mark all messages for deletion that contain a
specified pattern in the and header entries. See
also and
Edit. Allows you to physically edit the current mail
folder using the editor defined by the string
variable. When you exit from your editor, resyn‐
chronizes your mail folder (see the command).
Forward the current message.
You are asked if you want to edit the outbound
message. If you answer the characters defined by
the string variable are prefixed to each line of
the message and the editor defined by the string
variable will be invoked to allow you to edit the
message. If you answer the characters are not
prefixed and the editor will not be invoked. In
either case, you are prompted for recipients,
allowed to edit the header entry, and, if the
boolean variable is you are prompted for recipi‐
ents.
If the numeric variable is (intermediate) or
(expert), and there was a previous sent or for‐
gotten message in this session, you are asked if
you would like to
If you answer the previous message is returned to
the send buffer. If you answer the current mes‐
sage is copied into the send buffer and your sig‐
nature file (if any) is appended.
Then the editor is invoked if you chose to edit
the outbound message (above). When you leave the
editor, or if it was not invoked, the Send Menu
is displayed.
Group reply. The reply is automatically sent the sender of the
message, with to all the original and recipients.
Otherwise, the action is the same as for the com‐
mand.
Same as except that the message is displayed with all
headers.
Move down. Move the current message pointer down to the next
message.
Move down. Move the current message pointer down to the next
undeleted message.
Move up. Move the current message pointer up to the previ‐
ous message.
Move up. Move the current message pointer up to the previ‐
ous undeleted message.
Limit the displayed messages to those that contain certain
string values.
You are prompted with To set, add to, or clear
the limiting criteria, type one of:
Clear all the criteria and restore the normal
display.
Restrict to entries that contain string
in the header.
Restrict to entries that contain string
in the header.
Restrict to entries that contain string
in the header.
You can add limiting criteria by repeating the
command.
Redraw the screen.
Mail. Send mail to one or more addresses. You are
prompted for recipients, a and, if the boolean
variable is recipients.
If the numeric variable is (intermediate) or
(expert), and there was a previous sent or for‐
gotten message in this session, you are asked if
you would like to
If you answer the previous message is returned to
the send buffer. If you answer the signature
file (if any) is copied into the send buffer.
Then, the editor defined by the string variable
is invoked. After you exit from your editor, the
Send Menu is displayed.
Next message. Advances the current message pointer to the next
message, and displays that message as for the
command.
Options. Invokes the Options Menu, permitting you to
change certain configuration options. The
changeable options are defined by the string
variable.
Print. Print the current message or the set of tagged
messages using the command defined by the string
variable. The current message pointer does not
move. Tagged messages remain tagged.
Quit. Gracefully terminate, performing message cleanup
according to defined personal preferences. You
can choose to actually delete messages marked for
deletion. For your incoming mailbox, you can
choose to keep undeleted mail in the mailbox or
move it to the received folder defined by the
string variable.
If the boolean variable is you may be asked the
following questions. The actions described are
all performed after you have answered all the
relevant questions.
This question is asked
if you have messages marked for deletion.
The default answer is provided by the
boolean variable means (yes) and means
(no)).
If you answer all messages marked for
deletion will be deleted.
If you answer all messages marked for
deletion will be restored to their former
read, unread, or new state.
This question is asked
if you are reading your incoming mailbox
and if you have messages that have been
read. The default answer is provided by
the boolean variable means (yes) and means
(no)).
If you answer undeleted messages that have
been read will be moved to the folder
defined by the string variable and the
next question will also be asked.
If you answer all undeleted messages are
returned to your incoming mailbox and the
next question is not asked.
This question is asked
if you are reading your incoming mailbox,
if you answered to the question (or it was
not asked), and if you have messages that
have not been read. The default answer is
provided by the boolean variable means
(yes) and means (no)).
If you answer all undeleted unread (new
and old) messages are returned to your
incoming mailbox.
If you answer all undeleted unread mes‐
sages will be moved to the folder defined
by the string variable.
If the boolean variable is the answers to the
questions (which are not displayed) are taken
automatically from the values of the and boolean
variables, respectively.
Quick quit. This is equivalent to executing the command with
the boolean variable set to
Reply to the sender of the current message.
If the boolean variable is you are asked if the
source message should be copied into the edit
buffer. If it is the message is copied automati‐
cally. If copied in, all lines from the message
are preceded by the prefix string defined by the
string variable. The header is set to the sender
of the message (or the address in the header, if
one was set), the is set to the subject of the
message, preceded by and presented for you to
edit. If the boolean variable is you are
prompted for recipients. Then, the editor
defined by the string variable is invoked. After
you exit from your editor, the Send Menu is dis‐
played.
Save in folder (same as
Save the current message or the set of tagged
messages to a folder. You are prompted for a
file name with a default value. The default
value is a file in the directory with the login
name of the sender of the first message in the
set being saved. Any tags are cleared and the
messages are marked for deletion. The current
message pointer is moved to the first undeleted
message after the last saved message.
Tag toggle. Tag the current message for a later operation and
move the current message pointer to the next
undeleted message. The operation can be one of
and
Or, remove the tag from a tagged message. See
also the command.
Tag toggle. Tag the current message for a later operation and
remain at the current message. The operation can
be one of and
Or, remove the tag from a tagged message. See
also the command.
Tag all messages containing the specified pattern.
Or remove the tags from all tagged messages.
If any messages are currently tagged, you are
asked if the tags should be removed. Answer to
remove the old tags; answer to keep them. In
either case, you are prompted for a string to
match in either the or line of each message. All
messages that match the criterion are tagged. If
you enter a null string (carriage-return alone),
no more messages are tagged.
Undelete. Remove the deletion mark from the current mes‐
sage. See also and
Undelete. Remove any deletion mark from all messages that
contain a specified pattern in the and header
entries. See also and
View attachments.
Invoke the Attachment View Menu for the current
message.
Exit. Exit without changing the mailbox. If changes
are pending, such as deletions, you are asked if
they can be abandoned. If you answer the changes
are abandoned and the program terminates. If you
answer the exit is abandoned and you return to
the Message Menu command prompt.
Exit immediately without changing the mailbox.
All pending changes are abandoned.
Message Index
The messages in the current folder are indexed on the Message Menu, one
per line, in the format:
defined as:
sss A three-character status field, described in the sub‐
section.
num The ordinal message index number.
mmm The month from the last header entry, or from the mes‐
sage header.
d The day from the last header entry, or from the mes‐
sage header.
from Either the sender name from the last header entry or
from the message header.
lines The number of lines in the message.
subject The subject description from the first header entry,
truncated to fit your screen.
The current message index entry is either highlighted in inverse video
or marked in the left margin with an arrow See the option in the sub‐
section and the string variable in the section.
Message Status
The first three characters of each message index entry describe the
message status. Each can be blank or one of the values described below
in descending order of precedence.
When a message has more than one status flag of a particular type set,
the highest-precedence indicator is displayed on the index line. For
example, if a forms message is also marked as company confidential the
rather than the status character is displayed.
Deleted.
The message is marked for deletion.
Expired.
The date specified in the header entry is older than
today. accepts the following date formats:
(format produced by
in the Header Menu)
(ISO X.400 for‐
mat: YYMMDDhhm‐
mzzz)
New. The message was
received after
your last ses‐
sion or during
the current
session. The
message has not
been read.
Old. The message was
received before
or during your
last session.
It was marked
in your last
session and it
was not read.
Blank. The
message has
been read.
Confidential.
The header
entry is
present. The
message is con‐
sidered company
confidential,
as specified by
the ISO X.400
standard. You
can set this
value for out‐
bound mail with
the user-
defined option
of the Header
Menu.
Urgent.
The message
contains a
header entry.
Private.
The header
entry is
present. The
message is con‐
sidered pri‐
vate, as speci‐
fied by the ISO
X.400 standard.
You can set
this value for
outbound mail
with the user-
defined option
of the Header
Menu.
Action.
The message
contains an
header entry.
Forms. The message is
an forms mes‐
sage. The mes‐
sage contains a
header entry.
MIME. The message or
its attachments
is in a MIME
format that can
be displayed
using
MIME. The message or
its attachments
is in a MIME
format whose
version is not
supported.
Blank. Normal
status.
Tagged.
Tagged messages
are handled as
a group by some
commands. See
and other com‐
mands in the
subsection.
Blank. The
message is not
tagged.
Built-In Editor
When you are composing an
outbound message with the
built-in editor, it prompts
you for text lines with an
empty line. Enter a period
to end the message and con‐
tinue with the Send Menu.
Built-in editor commands are
lines that begin with an
escape character, defined by
the string variable. The
default escape character is
tilde
Note: Some remote login pro‐
grams use tilde as their
default escape character when
it is the first character on
a line. (You can tell,
because the tilde does not
print.) Usually, the tilde
is transmitted when you enter
a second character that is
not recognized by the program
or when you enter a second
tilde. See the program docu‐
mentation for further infor‐
mation.
The built-in editor commands
are:
Execute the shell com‐
mand,
if
one
is
given
(as
in
or
start
an
inter‐
ac‐
tive
shell,
using
the
shell
defined
by
the
string
vari‐
able.
Execute the shell com‐
mand
and
place
the
out‐
put
of
the
com‐
mand
into
the
edi‐
tor
buf‐
fer.
For
exam‐
ple,
""
inserts
the
out‐
put
of
the
com‐
mand
in
your
mes‐
sage.
Print a brief help
menu.
Start a line with a
single tilde
char‐
ac‐
ter.
Prompt for changes to
the Blind-Carbon-Copy
list.
Prompt for changes to
the Carbon-Copy
list.
Invoke the editor
defined for the
string
vari‐
able
on
the
mes‐
sage,
if
pos‐
si‐
ble.
Add the specified list
of messages or the
current message.
This
uses
which
means
that
all
options
are
avail‐
able
(see
read‐
mail(1)).
Prompt for changes to
all the available
headers
and
Same as but
each
line
is
pre‐
fixed
with
the
cur‐
rent
pre‐
fix.
See
the
string
vari‐
able.
Prompt for the name of
an editor to use on
the message.
Print out the message
as typed in so far.
Include (read in) the
contents of the speci‐
fied file.
Prompt for changes to
the
line.
Prompt for changes to
the
list.
Invoke the editor
defined for the
string
vari‐
able
on
the
mes‐
sage,
if
pos‐
si‐
ble.
Alias Menu
The Alias Menu is invoked
with the Message Menu com‐
mand. The source text for
your alias file is stored in
the file You can edit this
file directly or with the
following commands.
The aliases currently com‐
piled into your database and
the system database are dis‐
played in an indexed list
similar to the Message Menu.
The entry format is described
in the subsection. The index
is sorted in the order
defined by the string vari‐
able.
The commands are:
Resynchronize your
alias text file
and
your
alias
data‐
base by
rebuild‐
ing the
data‐
base
from
the
text
file by
running
Aliases
marked
for
dele‐
tion
are
removed,
tagged
aliases
are
untagged,
and new
and
changed
aliases
are
recog‐
nized.
The
alias
screen
is
updated
to
reflect
these
changes.
Display the next alias
index page, when
applicable.
Display the previous
alias index page, when
applicable.
Pattern match. Search
for
pattern
in the
alias
and
user
name
fields
of the
alias
list.
The
search
starts
at the
current
alias
and
wraps
around
to the
begin‐
ning of
the
alias
list.
The
current
alias
pointer
is set
to the
first
alias
that
matches.
Upper‐
case
and
lower‐
case
are
treated
as
equiva‐
lent.
Pattern match. Search
for
pattern
through
all the
fields
of the
alias
list
(alias,
user
name,
com‐
ment,
and
address).
The
search
starts
at the
current
alias
and
wraps
around
to the
begin‐
ning of
the
alias
list.
The
current
alias
pointer
is set
to the
first
alias
that
matches.
Upper‐
case
and
lower‐
case
are
treated
as
equiva‐
lent.
Pattern
match.
This
command
allows
you to
search
through
all the
alias
and
user‐
name
entries
in the
alias
list,
start‐
ing at
the
current
alias
and
contin‐
uing
through
the
end.
If the
first
charac‐
ter of
the
pattern
is a
then
the
comment
and the
fully
expanded
address
fields
are
also
included
in the
search.
The
search
is
case-
insen‐
sitive.
This
allows
you to
find a
spe‐
cific
alias
in a
situa‐
tion
where
there
are a
large
number
of
aliases.
Help on key. Display
a one-
line
descrip‐
tion of
what
each
key
does.
dis‐
plays a
summary
listing
for
each
command
avail‐
able.
A
period
returns
you to
the
Alias
Menu.
Alias current message.
This
allows
you to
create
an
alias
that
has the
return
address
of the
current
message
as the
address
field
of the
alias.
It
prompts
for a
unique
alias
name
and
allows
you to
edit
the
comment
and
address
fields.
Change the current
user alias.
The old
values
of the
alias
fields
are
used as
the
defaults
in the
prompts
for the
new
values.
You
cannot
change
the
alias
name.
If the
alias
name is
one of
a mul‐
tiple-
alias
record,
it is
removed
from
that
record
and
stored
as a
sepa‐
rate
record.
The old
alias
is
marked
Changes
are
effec‐
tive
after
the
next
alias
resyn‐
chro‐
niza‐
tion.
Mark the current user
alias for deletion.
The
dele‐
tions
are
made
when
you
exit
from
the
Alias
Menu
with an
or com‐
mand or
you
resyn‐
chro‐
nize
your
alias
data‐
base
with
the
com‐
mand.
(You
cannot
delete
a sys‐
tem
alias
in this
way.)
Delete user aliases
with a specified
search pattern.
Edit your file,
using
the
editor
defined
in the
string
vari‐
able.
Your
aliases
are
resyn‐
chro‐
nized
when
you
finish
editing
(see
the
com‐
mand).
Display a fully
expanded alias.
The
cur‐
rently
selected
alias
is
fully
expanded
and
dis‐
played.
See the Alias Menu
and
com‐
mands.
Move down. Move
the
current
alias
pointer
down to
the
next
alias.
Move down. Move
the
current
alias
pointer
down to
the
next
undeleted
alias.
Move up. Move
the
current
alias
pointer
up to
the
previ‐
ous
alias.
Move up. Move
the
current
alias
pointer
up to
the
previ‐
ous
undeleted
alias.
Limit the displayed
aliases to certain
types
or
those
that
contain
certain
string
values.
You are
prompted
with To
set,
add to,
or
clear
the
limit‐
ing
crite‐
ria,
type
one of:
Clear
all the
crite‐
ria and
restore
the
normal
dis‐
play.
Restrict
to
alias
names
con‐
taining string.
Restrict
to full
names
(first
name
and
last
name)
con‐
taining string.
Restrict
to
group
aliases
(can
include
system
and
user
aliases).
Restrict
to per‐
son
aliases
(can
include
system
and
user
aliases).
Restrict
to sys‐
tem
aliases
(can
include
group
and
person
aliases).
Restrict
to sys‐
tem
aliases
(can
include
group
and
person
aliases).
You can
add
limit‐
ing
crite‐
ria by
repeat‐
ing the
com‐
mand.
Redraw the screen.
Mail to the current
alias or to the set of
tagged aliases.
The
corre‐
spond‐
ing
expanded
addresses
are
placed
in the
header
entry,
and
pro‐
cessing
contin‐
ues as
for the
Message
Menu
(mail)
com‐
mand.
The
tags
are
cleared.
Make a user alias.
prompts
for a
unique
alias
name,
then
for an
address.
The
infor‐
mation
pro‐
vided
is
added
to your
indi‐
vidual
alias_text
file
then
added
to the
data‐
base.
Exit. Return
to the
Message
Menu.
If
aliases
are
marked
for
dele‐
tion,
you are
asked
if you
want to
delete
them.
The
alias
index
pointer
is
retained.
If the
alias
text
file
was
changed,
the
data‐
base is
resyn‐
chro‐
nized.
Exit. Return
to the
Message
Menu.
If
aliases
are
marked
for
dele‐
tion,
the
mark is
retained
and the
alias
is not
deleted.
The
alias
index
pointer
is
retained.
If the
alias
text
file
was
changed,
the
data‐
base is
resyn‐
chro‐
nized.
See the Alias Menu
and
com‐
mands.
Tag the current alias
for a later operation
and
move
the
current
alias
pointer
to the
next
undeleted
alias.
The
opera‐
tion
can be
one of
or
Or,
remove
the tag
from a
tagged
alias.
See
also
the
com‐
mand.
Tag. Tag the
current
alias
for a
later
opera‐
tion
and
remain
at the
current
alias.
The
opera‐
tion
can be
one of
or
Or,
remove
the tag
from a
tagged
alias.
See
also
the
com‐
mand.
Tag all aliases con‐
taining a specified
pattern for a later
operation.
The
opera‐
tion
can be
one of
or Or
remove
the
tags
from
all
tagged
aliases.
If any
aliases
are
cur‐
rently
tagged,
you are
asked
if the
tags
should
be
removed.
Answer
to
remove
the old
tags;
answer
to keep
them.
In
either
case,
you are
prompted
for a
string
to
match
in
either
the
alias
name or
user
name
fields
of each
alias.
All
aliases
that
match
the
crite‐
rion
are
tagged.
If you
enter a
null
string
(car‐
riage-
return
alone)
no more
aliases
are
tagged.
Undelete. Remove
the
dele‐
tion
mark
from
the
current
alias.
See
also
and
Undelete. Remove
any
dele‐
tion
mark
from
all
mes‐
sages
that
contain
a spec‐
ified
pattern
in the
and
header
entries.
See
also
and
View. Display
the
address-
list
for the
current
alias.
Exit from the alias
menu without process‐
ing any deletions.
Aliases
marked
for
dele‐
tion
are
unmarked
and is
not
run,
even if
alias
addi‐
tions
have
been
made.
Alias Index
The aliases in the current
database are indexed on the
Alias Menu, one per line.
The database values are
defined in newalias(1).
ssnum fullname[ com‐
ment] type [] alias
defined as:
ss A two-char‐
acter status
field. The
first char‐
acter can
be:
Delete.
The
alias
is
marked
for
dele‐
tion.
New. The
alias
is
new
or
changed
in
the
alias
text
file
but
is
not
included
in
the
cur‐
rent
data‐
base.
Resyn‐
chro‐
niza‐
tion
is
needed.
Blank.
The
alias
is in
the
cur‐
rent
data‐
base.
The second
character
can be:
Tag. The
alias
is
tagged.
Blank.
The
alias
is
not
tagged.
num The index
number of
the alias.
fullname The full
name for the
alias, as it
will be used
in an
expanded
address. It
has the
form:
firstname lastname
firstname The
first
name,
from
the
alias
data‐
base.
lastname The
last
name,
from
the
alias
data‐
base.
comment Comment,
from the
alias data‐
base.
type Type of
alias. This
is for an
alias with a
single
address or
for an alias
with two or
more
addresses.
If present, the entry
is from the
system alias
database.
If absent,
the entry is
from your
personal
alias data‐
base.
alias The alias
name. If
the record
has multiple
alias names,
there is one
index entry
per name.
Attachment Configuration Menu
The Attachment Configuration
Menu is invoked with the
Attachment Send Menu (add) or
(modify) command. The menu
displays the default or cur‐
rent specification for an
attachment. If it is called
with the command, it automat‐
ically prompts for a file
name. The commands are:
Description.
The value is
placed in a
body-part
header entry.
The default is
the file name.
Content-Transfer-
Encoding.
This is the
method by which
the file is
encoded to
allow it to
pass through
various Mail
Transport
Agents. The
choices are:
Unencoded, nor‐
mal
text.
This
is
the
default
encod‐
ing
param‐
eter.
Unencoded 8-bit
characters with
the high-order
bit set.
Text with con‐
trol characters
and high-order-
bit characters
con‐
verted
to a
string
in
the
form
where
hh is
the
hexa‐
deci‐
mal
rep‐
re‐
sen‐
ta‐
tion
of
the
char‐
ac‐
ter.
An at
the
end
of a
line
indi‐
cates
that
the
source
line
was
bro‐
ken
into
two
lines.
Any file type
with bits
encoded in
6-bit groups
and
ren‐
dered
in
numeric
order
as
the
char‐
ac‐
ters
and
The
last
line
may
be
padded
to a
mul‐
tiple
of 4
char‐
ac‐
ters
with
char‐
ac‐
ters.
Unencoded
binary data.
The value is
placed in a
body-part
header entry.
The default is
File name.
The name of the
file to be
attached.
examines the
file and sets
the values of
Content-Trans‐
fer-Encoding,
Content-Dispo‐
sition, and
Content-Type
accordingly.
Content-Disposition.
The value is
placed in a
body-part
header entry.
The default is
Content-Type.
The type of the
file and sup‐
porting parame‐
ters, in the
form:
The type can be
one of or as
defined in RFC
1521. Although
is also a valid
type, you can‐
not specify it
directly; pro‐
vides it as
necessary and
handles mes‐
sages that con‐
tain it. The
value is placed
in a body-part
header entry.
The default is:
Some common
entries are
described
below. See the
section for
additional
information.
This is rela‐
tively readable
text that may
be formatted
with embedded
text
charac‐
ters, as
for pos‐
sible
subtypes
or The
default
subtype
is
(unfor‐
matted
in any
way).
The
default
charset
is
This is a
catch-all for
files such as
program binary,
or files
that
contain
control
charac‐
ters or
charac‐
ters
with
high-
order
bits
set.
The file can be
displayed with
a PostScript-
equipped
printer or
viewer.
This specifies
that the file
is in message
format,
as
described
in the
subsec‐
tion.
These are pic‐
ture formats
that require a
display pro‐
gram.
This is an
audio format
that requires a
reproduction
program.
This is an
audio/video
format that
requires a
reproduction
program.
Attachment Send Menu
The Attachment Send Menu is
invoked with the Send Menu
command. This menu displays
a list of the attachments
that will be sent in a mes‐
sage, one per line, as
described in the subsection.
The commands are:
Add attachments.
Call
the
Attach‐
ment
Config‐
uration
Menu
and
prompt
for a
file
name.
Delete an attachment.
Edit an attachment.
Call
the
editor
associ‐
ated
with
the
attach‐
ment if
it is
editable.
Move the current
attachment pointer
down to the next
attachment.
Move the current
attachment pointer up
to the previous
attachment.
Redraw the screen.
Modify the attributes
of an attachment.
Call
the
Attach‐
ment
Config‐
uration
Menu.
Print an attachment.
See the
Message
Menu
(print)
com‐
mand.
Quit. Return
to the
Send
Menu.
Save an attachment.
See the
Message
Menu
(copy)
com‐
mand.
Attachment View Menu
The Attachment View Menu is
invoked with the Send Menu
command. This menu displays
a list of the attachments in
a folder message, one per
line, as described in the
subsection.
The commands are:
Display the current
attachment.
Move the current
attachment pointer
down to the next
attachment.
Move the current
attachment pointer up
to the previous
attachment.
Redraw the screen.
Print the attachment.
See the
Message
Menu
(print)
com‐
mand.
Quit. Return
to the
previ‐
ous
attach‐
ment
level
or the
Message
Menu.
Save the attachment.
The
attach‐
ment is
saved
in the
form it
was
received,
as with
the
Message
Menu
(save)
com‐
mand.
View the subattachment
list, if any.
Attachment Index
Attachments are listed on the
Attachment Send Menu and the
Attachment View Menu in the
following format:
defined as:
num The
index
number
of the
attach‐
ment.
filename The
name of
the
attached
file.
size The
size of
the
attach‐
ment in
bytes,
com‐
puted
from
the
file or
the
mes‐
sage.
The type and subtype
of the attachment.
This
value
is
placed
or
found
in a
header.
encoding The
encod‐
ing
type.
This
value
is
placed
or
found
in a
header.
File Attachment
still supports the old method
where you have one or more
key lines of the form:
A file which needs to be
attached with the mail is
included in the body of the
message and it becomes a part
of the message. The text
lines before, between and
after the lines go into dif‐
ferent attachments.
The encoding parameter is
optional. Refer to RFC 1341
for information on valid con‐
tenttype/subtype and encoding
parameter values.
Example: To include a file,
into your message and you
want to use base-64 encoding,
use the following line:
Or if you want to include a
text file , which contains
plain ASCII, use the follow‐
ing line:
Message Encryption
For enhanced security and
privacy, you can encrypt a
message with the key lines:
and
Consider the following outgo‐
ing message:
Hi Tom,
How are you doing?
This is a private message!!
Keep in touch.
- Jerry
The line signifies the end of
encryption for the block from
to
The above message is readable
while being typed into the
editor and as soon as the
message is confirmed as want‐
ing to be sent, the mailer
prompts you with the follow‐
ing:
It accepts a key (a series of
8 or less characters) without
echoing them to the screen.
You will need to re-enter the
key. If you have the copy
option enabled, the program
will save your copy of the
message in encrypted form.
This helps you ensure privacy
and security of your mail ar‐
chive.
If you are not prompted by
the mailer to enter the
encryption key, you do not
have entered as the first 8
characters of the line. Simi‐
larly, should also be entered
as the first 7 characters of
the line to indicate the end
of encryption.
On the other end, the recipi‐
ents of this mail (should be
users of the program) will be
prompted with the following
message to enter the decryp‐
tion key:
If the decryption key is cor‐
rect, the program will then
decrypt the mail and display
each line in readable format.
The same message will be dis‐
played in an encrypted form
if the decryption key is
incorrect.
Note: Currently decryption is
not supported to or encrypted
mails.
Mail Archive
This feature is the ability
to specify the message con‐
tent that needs to be
archived (assuming copy is
enabled).
To indicate the last line of
the message to be archived,
you need to have either the
or key line in the body of
your message.
The saved mail will not con‐
tain the message following
the or key line. However, the
outgoing mail will contain
all the messages except the
key line.
Header Menu
The Header Menu is invoked
with the Send Menu command.
It allows you to add, change,
and delete a set of common
header entries in your mes‐
sage. In general, if an item
is empty, it is not included
in the message.
The commands are:
Return to Send Menu.
Shell. Execute
command
with
the
shell
defined
by the
string
vari‐
able.
header. Enter
any
string.
If this
entry
is
present
in a
received
mes‐
sage,
dis‐
plays
an in
the
Perma‐
nent
Status
column
of the
Message
Index.
header. Enter a
list of
aliases
and
actual
addresses.
Aliases
are
expanded
and
shown
as
addresses
and
user
names.
header. Enter a
list of
aliases
and
actual
addresses.
Aliases
are
expanded
and
shown
as
addresses
and
user
names.
Domainize. Convert
non-
Inter‐
net
addresses
to
Inter‐
net
format.
The
UUCP
format
()
becomes
the
Inter‐
net
format
(). If
is
omit‐
ted, it
defaults
to
header. Enter
any
numeric
value
from 1
to 56
(8
weeks).
If this
entry
is
present
in a
received
mes‐
sage,
dis‐
plays
an in
the
Vari‐
able
Status
column
of the
Message
Index
when
the
com‐
puted
date
has
passed.
header. Enter a
string.
header. Enter a
prece‐
dence
name.
If the
string
vari‐
able is
set and
non‐
null,
the
name
must be
one
defined
by the
vari‐
able.
If the
name is
associ‐
ated
with a
prior‐
ity,
and the
header
is
null,
the
prior‐
ity
value
is
inserted
in the
header.
If is
null or
not
set,
you can
enter
any
value.
If the
prece‐
dence
name
matches
one
defined
in the
config‐
uration
file
the
trans‐
mission
prior‐
ity is
modi‐
fied
accord‐
ingly.
If
there
is no
match,
the
prior‐
ity is
not
changed.
header. Enter a
string.
If this
entry
is
present
in a
received
mes‐
sage,
dis‐
plays a
in the
Perma‐
nent
Status
column
of the
Message
Index
header. Enter a
per‐
sonal
alias
or a
single
address.
If it
is
present,
and
other
mailers
use
this
header
instead
of the
header
when
choos‐
ing the
address
for a
reply
(Mes‐
sage
Menu
(reply)
com‐
mand).
header. Enter a
string.
header. Enter a
list of
aliases
and
actual
addresses.
Aliases
are
expanded
and
shown
as
addresses
and
user
names.
User-defined header.
Define
your
own
header
entry
in the
form:
must
not
contain
blanks.
You can
use
this
command
to cre‐
ate a
header
entry,
as
described
in the
subsec‐
tion,
or a
differ‐
ent
header,
but
only
one.
See the
section
for
another
way to
include
user-
defined
header
entries.
Options Menu
The Options Menu is invoked
with the Message Menu com‐
mand. It displays a list of
the options, defined by the
string variable, that you can
modify while is running.
Enter the appropriate letter
(in upper- or lowercase) that
is followed with a right
parenthesis and follow the
directions on the screen.
The full set of option
prompts and the corresponding
variables is listed below.
The default options are
marked with an *.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
The numeric
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
Note: The menu displays the
first lines from the defined
set. screen-height is the
number of text lines on the
screen. If an option is not
displayed, it cannot be modi‐
fied.
When you are done, enter one
of the following values:
Save the current con‐
figuration values in
your configuration
file,
If the file
does not exist,
it is created.
This is a con‐
venient way to
make an config‐
uration file
that you can
edit directly,
as well as with
the Options
Menu.
Return to the Message
Menu.
Return to the Message
Menu.
Exit immediately from
without chang‐
ing the mail‐
box. All pend‐
ing changes are
abandoned.
Send Menu
The Send Menu is invoked when
your outbound message has
been prepared to be mailed
after a Message Menu or com‐
mand or the Alias Menu com‐
mand.
The commands are:
Shell. Execute
a shell
com‐
mand.
See the
Message
Menu
(shell)
com‐
mand.
Attachments. Invoke
the
Attach‐
ments
Send
Menu.
Copy. Copy to
a file.
See the
Message
Menu
(copy)
com‐
mand.
Edit. Invoke
your
editor,
as
defined
by the
string
vari‐
able,
to
revise
the
mes‐
sage.
Forget. Do not
send
the
mes‐
sage.
At user
levels
and the
message
may be
returned
to the
send
buffer
when
you
execute
a sub‐
sequent
Message
Menu or
command
or the
Alias
Menu
com‐
mand.
Edit the header
entries.
Invoke
the
Header
Menu.
Make form. Convert
the
message
to the
forms
message
format.
See the
sec‐
tion.
This
command
is only
avail‐
able if
the
boolean
vari‐
able is
and the
numeric
vari‐
able is
either
or
Send. Send
the
mes‐
sage.
FORMS MESSAGES
A feature that is unique to
is the ability to compose and
reply to forms messages.
Creating a Forms Message
· In your file, set
· Set your numeric vari‐
able to (moderately
experienced) or
(expert). You can do
this in your file or on
the default Options
Menu.
· As you compose the mes‐
sage, define the fields
to be filled in by the
recipient with a colon
followed by either the
number of spaces allowed
for the field value, or
a newline to indicate
that the field may fill
the remainder of the
line.
A colon on a line by
itself indicates that
the recipient will be
prompted for multiline
input. There can be no
blanks before the colon.
Every line containing a
colon is a prompt line.
During the response
process, all text start‐
ing at the first non‐
blank character after
the last colon on each
line is deleted and the
line is evaluated for
response fields.
· After you have created
the message, enter the
Send Menu (make form)
command to set up the
special format. Then
enter the Send Menu
(send) command to send
the message.
Here is an example of a sim‐
ple forms message:
Replying to a Forms Message
When you receive a forms mes‐
sage, the message index entry
is flagged with an status
letter. You can view it in
the normal way with the or
commands.
To reply, use the Message
Menu (reply) command (you
cannot use the Message Menu
(group reply) command).
prompts you for each field,
with any text present between
the fields displayed as
appropriate. The example
above is presented line-by-
line; user input is in italic
type:
The received message would
look like this:
HEADER FILE
The file provides you with a
way to specify special infor‐
mation headers such as and so
forth. The nonblank lines
from this file are added to
the headers of all outbound
mail.
Entries in the file should
have the following format:
must not contain blanks.
header-string can be contin‐
ued over several lines by
preceding each continuation
line with blanks, as indi‐
cated by the output below.
Within the file, you can use
backquotes (left apostrophes)
to execute shell commands
when the file is read, so
that an entry of the form:
would produce a header entry
like:
According to RFC 822, user-
defined header names should
begin with or Otherwise, they
risk having their usage over‐
ridden if the name is later
standardized with some other
meaning.
Defined Headers
The following header names
are defined for the message
header in RFC 822 and RFC
1521.
Bcc: (822) Cc: (822)
Comments: (822) Content-Description: (1521)
Content-ID: (1521) Content-Transfer-Encoding: (1521)
Content-Type: (1521) Date: (822)
Encrypted: (822) From: (822)
In-Reply-To: (822) Keywords: (822)
MIME-Version: (1521) Message-ID: (822)
Received: (822) References: (822)
Reply-To: (822) Resent-Bcc: (822)
Resent-Cc: (822) Resent-Date: (822)
Resent-From: (822) Resent-Message-ID: (822)
Resent-Reply-To: (822) Resent-Sender: (822)
Resent-To: (822) Return-Path: (822)
Sender: (822) Subject: (822)
To: (822) X-user-defined: (822)
Other commonly used headers:
Action: Apparently-To:
Content-Disposition: Content-Length:
Expires: Mailer:
Newsgroups: Precedence:
Priority: Sensitivity:
Status: X-Mailer:
ELM CONFIGURATION
supports user configuration
by means of the configuration
file. You can create the
configuration file with the
Options Menu command. It can
contain any combination of
the string, numeric, and
boolean variables described
below.
String Variables
String variables have the
form
The following string vari‐
ables are defined.
The sort order for the
alias index in the
Alias Menu. The
rec‐
og‐
nized
val‐
ues
are:
Sort
by
alias
name.
Sort
by
the
full
name
of
the
alias, last
name
first.
Sort
by
the
order
of
the
aliases
in
the
alias
text
file.
Pre‐
fix
the
value
with
to
reverse
the
sort
order.
The
default
is
The name of the editor
to use for messages
that have initial text (a
copied
mes‐
sage
in
a
reply,
a
sig‐
na‐
ture
in
any
out‐
bound
mes‐
sage,
etc.).
when
the
string
vari‐
able
is
set
to
or
The
default
is
the
value
of
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able,
if
set
and
non‐
null,
or
oth‐
er‐
wise.
See
also
the
string
vari‐
able.
A list of other
machine and user name
combinations that
you
receive
for‐
warded
mail
from.
uses
this
infor‐
ma‐
tion
when
a
group
reply
is
being
pro‐
cessed
to
ensure
that
a
reply
mes‐
sage
is
not
sent
to
a
user
and/or
machine
address
that
would
sim‐
ply
for‐
ward
the
reply
mes‐
sage
back
to
you.
The
default
is
none.
Attribution string for
replies. When
you
reply
to
a
mes‐
sage
and
include
the
mes‐
sage
in
the
reply,
this
string
is
placed
at
the
top
of
the
mes‐
sage.
The
char‐
ac‐
ters
are
replaced
by
the
full
name
of
the
author
of
the
orig‐
i‐
nal
mes‐
sage.
The
default
is
none.
For
exam‐
ple:
The name of your cal‐
endar file. This
is
used
in
con‐
junc‐
tion
with
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
(cal‐
en‐
dar)
com‐
mand,
which
scans
mes‐
sages
for
cal‐
en‐
dar
entries.
The
default
is
The name of the char‐
acter set used with
the MIME header
for
the
type.
It
can
be
any
Inter‐
net-
defined
char‐
ac‐
ter
set
name
that
is
a
super‐
set
of
The
default
is
For
exam‐
ple,
A list of Internet-
defined character sets that
are
super‐
sets
of
US-
ASCII,
so
that
mes‐
sages
with
can
be
dis‐
played
with‐
out
the
help
of
The
default
is
a
string
con‐
tain‐
ing
the
fol‐
low‐
ing
val‐
ues:
A string of options
that can be configured
on the Options Menu. Spec‐
ify
the
options
as
a
sin‐
gle
let‐
ter
each,
in
the
order
they
should
be
dis‐
played.
The
default
is
"".
The
defaults
are
marked
below
with
an
*.
The
option
char‐
ac‐
ters
include:
The
menu
title.
A
blank
line.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
The numeric
vari‐
able.
*
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The string
vari‐
able.
*
The bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The name of the char‐
acter set supported by
the display. This
is
inde‐
pen‐
dent
of
the
string
vari‐
able.
This
is
also
copied
to
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able
when
is
called.
The
default
is
The name of the editor
for the com‐
mand
of
the
built-
in
edi‐
tor.
See
also
the
string
vari‐
able.
The
default
is
none.
The name of the editor
to use when creating
new mail. The
default
is
the
value
of
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able,
if
set
and
non‐
null,
or
oth‐
er‐
wise.
You
can
use
or
to
spec‐
ify
the
built-
in
edi‐
tor.
The
built-
in
edi‐
tor
is
avail‐
able
for
all
out‐
bound
mail
that
does
not
already
have
text
in
the
send
buf‐
fer
(no
for‐
warded
mes‐
sage,
no
copied
mes‐
sage
in
a
reply,
no
sig‐
na‐
ture
in
any
out‐
bound
mes‐
sage,
etc.).
If
there
is
text
in
the
send
buf‐
fer
and
is
spec‐
i‐
fied,
the
edi‐
tor
defined
by
the
vari‐
able
is
used
instead.
See
also
the
and
string
vari‐
ables.
The escape character
used in the built-in
editor. The
default
is
tilde
The permissions of the
mail folders or the file
(cre‐
ated
by
the
user
using
can
be
con‐
fig‐
ured
by
set‐
ting
the
value
of
in
the
file.
takes
0640
as
the
default
per‐
mis‐
sion,
if
no
value
or
an
invalid
value
is
set
by
the
user.
man‐
dates
read-
write
per‐
mis‐
sions
for
the
owner.
Hence,
if
the
value
of
in
file
does
not
grant
read-
write
per‐
mis‐
sions
to
the
owner,
the
default
value
is
taken
for
set‐
ting
the
per‐
mis‐
sions.
The name the mailer
will use when sending
mail from you. The
default
is
the
full
name
por‐
tion
(every‐
thing
up
to
the
first
comma)
of
the
field
from
your
entry
in
the
file.
This
field
can
be
set
with
the
com‐
mand
(see
chfn(1),
fin‐
ger(1),
and
passwd(4)).
A signature file that
is automatically
appended to
out‐
bound
mail
to
the
local
host
before
the
edi‐
tor
is
invoked.
This
usu‐
ally
con‐
tains
per‐
sonal
data
about
the
sender.
See
also
the
string
vari‐
able.
The
default
is
none.
All
the
addresses
in
the
header
must
be
appar‐
ently
for
the
local
host.
Local
addresses
are
those
that,
after
any
alias
con‐
ver‐
sion,
do
not
con‐
tain
a
domain
name.
That
is,
they
have
only
a
user
name
(for
exam‐
ple,
or
a
user
name
and
the
local
host
name
(for
exam‐
ple,
is
con‐
sid‐
ered
to
be
a
remote
address,
even
if
it
points
to
the
local
host.
A
user
name
that
is
read‐
dressed
by
the
sys‐
tem
alias
list
is
treated
as
local
if
it
matches
the
pre‐
ced‐
ing
cri‐
te‐
ria.
Your mail directory,
where you usually store
your
fold‐
ers
for
received
and
out‐
bound
mail.
The
default
is
In
you
can
use
the
metachar‐
ac‐
ter
to
spec‐
ify
this
direc‐
tory.
For
exam‐
ple,
if
you
save
a
mes‐
sage
to
file
the
is
expanded
to
the
cur‐
rent
value
of
(The
slash
is
optional.)
When
you
start
if
the
direc‐
tory
spec‐
i‐
fied
by
does
not
exist,
you
are
asked
if
you
want
to
cre‐
ate
it.
If
you
answer
(yes),
the
direc‐
tory
is
cre‐
ated,
with
access
per‐
mis‐
sions
set
to
The program to display
each message. The
default
is
the
value
of
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able,
if
set
and
non‐
null,
or
the
built-
in
pager,
oth‐
er‐
wise.
The
built-
in
pager,
also
allows
you
to
exe‐
cute
some
Mes‐
sage
Menu
com‐
mands
while
you
are
view‐
ing
the
mes‐
sage
and
it
has
some
sim‐
ple
for‐
ward
and
back‐
ward
scrolling
com‐
mands.
While
it
is
active,
enter
for
a
list
of
com‐
mands.
An
alter‐
na‐
tive
is
the
util‐
ity.
A list of precedence
values that you can
place in a header
entry
in
out‐
bound
mail,
using
the
Header
Menu.
Each
prece‐
dence
value
can
be
option‐
ally
paired
with
a
pri‐
or‐
ity
value
that
is
auto‐
mat‐
i‐
cally
placed
in
a
header
entry,
caus‐
ing
the
received
mes‐
sage
to
be
marked
as
urgent.
The
default
is
none.
The
HP-
UX
mail
trans‐
port
agent,
rec‐
og‐
nizes
this
header.
If
the
prece‐
dence
value
is
defined
by
a
con‐
trol
line
in
the
con‐
fig‐
u‐
ra‐
tion
file,
the
trans‐
mis‐
sion
pri‐
or‐
ity
of
the
mes‐
sage
is
adjusted
accord‐
ingly.
See
send‐
mail(1M).
The
for‐
mat
of
the
entry
is
prece‐
dence
is
a
prece‐
dence
name.
The
default
list
defined
in
is:
Trans‐
mis‐
sion
pri‐
or‐
ity
0,
the
default
Trans‐
mis‐
sion
pri‐
or‐
ity
100
Trans‐
mis‐
sion
pri‐
or‐
ity
−30
Trans‐
mis‐
sion
pri‐
or‐
ity
−60
Trans‐
mis‐
sion
pri‐
or‐
ity
−100
pri‐
or‐
ity
is
an
arbi‐
trary
string
that
is
placed
in
a
header
entry.
The prefix for an
included line in an
outbound message. When
you
reply
to
a
mes‐
sage
or
for‐
ward
a
mes‐
sage
to
another
per‐
son,
you
can
option‐
ally
include
the
orig‐
i‐
nal
mes‐
sage.
This
pre‐
fix
marks
the
included
line.
The
default
is
(the
is
inter‐
preted
as
a
space
char‐
ac‐
ter).
The command to run
when the (print)
com‐
mand
is
exe‐
cuted
from
var‐
i‐
ous
menus.
There
are
two
pos‐
si‐
ble
for‐
mats
for
this
string:
If
the
string
con‐
tains
the
spe‐
cial
vari‐
able
the
vari‐
able
is
replaced
by
the
name
of
a
tem‐
po‐
rary
file
that
con‐
tains
the
mes‐
sages,
and
the
com‐
mand
is
exe‐
cuted
by
the
shell
defined
by
the
string
vari‐
able.
If
the
string
does
not
con‐
tain
the
tem‐
po‐
rary
file
name
is
appended
to
it,
and
the
com‐
mand
is
exe‐
cuted.
The
default
is
The file where the
received messages will
be saved. The
default
is
the
file
in
the
direc‐
tory
defined
by
A signature file that
is automatically
appended to
all
out‐
bound
mail
to
remote
hosts
before
the
edi‐
tor
is
invoked.
This
usu‐
ally
con‐
tains
per‐
sonal
data
about
the
sender.
See
also
the
string
vari‐
able.
The
default
is
none.
If
any
of
the
addresses
in
the
header
entry
are
not
local,
as
described
for
the
string
vari‐
able,
the
remote
sig‐
na‐
ture
file
is
attached.
The character set to
be used to save a mes‐
sage in a folder. Pos‐
si‐
ble
val‐
ues
are
and
If
a
value
is
not
spec‐
i‐
fied,
the
mes‐
sage
will
be
saved
accord‐
ing
to
your
locale
(given
by
the
and/or
envi‐
ron‐
men‐
tal
vari‐
ables).
This
option
is
appli‐
ca‐
ble
only
for
the
Ja‐
pa‐
nese
locale.
The
default
is
none.
See
also
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The file where copies
of outbound mail can
be saved. One
pos‐
si‐
bil‐
ity
is
your
incom‐
ing
mail‐
box,
The
default
is
the
file
in
the
direc‐
tory
defined
by
See
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able
for
fur‐
ther
details.
The shell to use for escapes
and
other
such
oper‐
a‐
tions.
The
default
is
the
value
of
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able,
if
set
and
non‐
null,
or
oth‐
er‐
wise.
The way to sort the
index of the current
folder. The
choices
are:
The
name
of
the
sender.
The
date
the
mes‐
sage
was
sent.
The
date
the
mes‐
sage
was
received.
The
sub‐
ject
of
the
mes‐
sage. A
lead‐
ing
(and
some
oth‐
ers)
is
ignored,
so
replies
sort
with
orig‐
i‐
nal
mes‐
sages.
The
num‐
ber
of
lines
in
the
mes‐
sage.
The
read
sta‐
tus:
blank, and
You
can
pre‐
fix
these
val‐
ues
with
to
reverse
the
order
of
the
sort.
The
value
can
be
mod‐
i‐
fied
on
the
Options
Menu.
The
default
is
Type of encoding to
put into the MIME header
entry.
The
choices
are
or
The
default
is
Where to create tempo‐
rary files. The
default
is
the
value
of
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able,
if
set
and
non‐
null,
or
to
oth‐
er‐
wise.
Name of the editor to
use for the com‐
mand
of
the
built-
in
edi‐
tor.
The
default
is
the
value
of
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able,
if
set
and
non‐
null,
or
oth‐
er‐
wise.
A list of header-entry
initial strings that
you
don't
want
to
see
when
you
are
read‐
ing
mail.
This
list
is
made
effec‐
tive
by
set‐
ting
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able
to
The
list
can
con‐
tinue
for
as
many
lines
as
desired,
as
long
as
the
con‐
tin‐
ued
lines
all
have
lead‐
ing
blanks.
To
include
blanks
in
a
string,
enclose
it
in
quo‐
ta‐
tion
marks
().
The
strings
you
spec‐
ify
are
nor‐
mally
appended
to
the
default
list,
which
is:
There
are
two
spe‐
cial
val‐
ues:
Clear
the
default
list.
The
default
head‐
ers
are
removed
from
the
list,
allow‐
ing
you
to
com‐
pletely
define
your
own
list.
Mark
the
end
of
the
list,
in
case
any
fol‐
low‐
ing
lines
could
be
mis‐
taken
for
head‐
ers
in
the
list.
The
default
value
of
is
The
under‐
score
char‐
ac‐
ter
can
be
used
to
spec‐
ify
a
space.
Note
that
weeds
out
both
and
If,
for
exam‐
ple,
you
want
to
weed
out
but
not
spec‐
ify
fol‐
lowed
by
and
any
other
head‐
ers
that
you
don't
want
to
see.
Numeric Variables
Numeric variables have the
form
The following numeric vari‐
ables are defined.
Threshold for return‐
ing copies of remote
UUCP messages. If
the
des‐
ti‐
na‐
tion
host
is
greater
than
the
spec‐
i‐
fied
num‐
ber
of
hops
(gate‐
ways)
from
your
local
host,
the
des‐
ti‐
na‐
tion
host
sends
you
a
copy
of
the
mes‐
sage
when
it
is
received.
If
the
value
is
this
fea‐
ture
is
dis‐
abled.
The
default
is
Determines if the
built-in pager should
be used on some mes‐
sages, even
if
you
usu‐
ally
use
an
exter‐
nal
pager,
defined
in
the
string
vari‐
able.
There
are
two
ways
of
defin‐
ing
whether
the
built-
in
pager
should
be
used.
· If
you
want
to
use
the
built-
in
pager
on
any
mes‐
sage
that
is
shorter
than
n
lines,
set
the
value
to
n.
· If
you
want
to
use
the
built-
in
pager
on
any
mes‐
sage
that
is
m
lines
shorter
than
the
num‐
ber
of
lines
on
your
screen,
set
the
value
to
If
you
set
the
value
to
the
mes‐
sage
will
always
be
sent
through
the
exter‐
nal
pager.
The
default
is
This enables you to
send raw 8-bit or
binary data
when
the
mail
trans‐
fer
agent
doesn't
sup‐
port
the
and
the
options.
The
default
is
The
pos‐
si‐
ble
val‐
ues
are:
Always
con‐
vert
8-bit
and
binary mes‐
sages
to
7-bit
before
send‐
ing
them.
Con‐
vert
8-bit
mes‐
sages
to
7-bit, but
depend
on
to
han‐
dle
binary
mes‐
sages.
Depend
on to
han‐
dle
both
8-bit
and
binary
mes‐
sages.
The value by which the counter
is
incre‐
mented
while
read‐
ing
a
new
folder.
If
you
set
this
value
to
a
num‐
ber
larger
than
one,
it
will
speed
up
the
time
it
takes
to
read
a
large
folder
when
you
are
using
a
slow
ter‐
mi‐
nal.
The
default
is
The time in seconds
that will
wait
after
dis‐
play‐
ing
a
diag‐
nos‐
tic
mes‐
sage
before
eras‐
ing
it.
The
value
can
be
or
a
pos‐
i‐
tive
inte‐
ger.
The
default
is
The interval, in sec‐
onds, after which rechecks
the
incom‐
ing
mail‐
box
for
new
mail.
The
default
is
(10
min‐
utes).
The relative level of
your user sophistica‐
tion. Accept‐
able
val‐
ues
are:
Novice
user
(the
default).
Com‐
mand
menus
are
a
small
ver‐
bose
sub‐
set
of
the
avail‐
able
com‐
mands.
Mod‐
er‐
ately
expe‐
ri‐
enced
user. Com‐
mand
menus
are
a
larger
terse
sub‐
set
of
the
avail‐
able
com‐
mands.
Out‐
bound
mes‐
sage
com‐
mands
allow
you
to
recover
pre‐
vi‐
ously
unsent
mes‐
sages
as
the
text
of
the
cur‐
rent
out‐
bound
mes‐
sage.
Expert.
The
fea‐
tures
are
the
same
as
for
Level
or
is
required
if
you
want
to
send
a
forms
mes‐
sage.
Boolean Variables
Boolean variables have the
forms
The following boolean vari‐
ables are defined.
If the
default
answer
of
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
(quit)
prompt
is
set
to
(yes).
If
the
default
answer
is
set
to
(no).
The
default
is
See
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
com‐
mand.
If the
default
answer
of
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
(quit)
prompt
is
set
to
(yes).
If
the
default
answer
is
set
to
(no).
The
default
is
See
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
com‐
mand.
If the
default
answer
of
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
(quit)
prompt
is
set
to
(yes).
If
the
default
answer
is
set
to
(no).
The
default
is
See
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
com‐
mand.
If use
an
arrow
to
mark
the
cur‐
rent
item
in
a
menu
index.
If
use
an
inverse
bar.
If
the
pro‐
gram
is
invoked
with
the
com‐
mand
line
option,
is
set
to
The
default
is
If you
are
asked
the
ques‐
tions
(as
appro‐
pri‐
ate)
each
time
you
leave
the
pro‐
gram
with
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
(quit)
com‐
mand.
See
that
com‐
mand
for
details
of
the
process.
If
or
if
you
use
the
Mes‐
sage
Menu
com‐
mand,
uses
the
val‐
ues
defined
by
the
and
bool‐
ean
vari‐
ables,
respec‐
tively,
with‐
out
prompt‐
ing.
The
default
is
If prompts
you
for
"car‐
bon
copies"
with
the
prompt
each
time
you
send,
for‐
ward,
or
reply
to
a
mes‐
sage.
If
the
prompt
is
omit‐
ted.
In
either
case,
you
can
still
explic‐
itly
include
addresses
with
the
com‐
mand
in
the
built-
in
edi‐
tor,
or
with
the
Header
Menu
com‐
mands.
The
default
is
If auto‐
mat‐
i‐
cally
copies
the
text
of
the
mes‐
sage
you
are
reply‐
ing
to
into
the
edit
buf‐
fer.
If
prompts
you
with
The
default
is
If you
are
asked
to
con‐
firm
before
mes‐
sages
are
appended
to
an
exist‐
ing
file,
whether
it
is
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory
or
a
file
in
another
direc‐
tory.
If
see
below.
The
default
is
If you
are
asked
to
con‐
firm
before
a
new
file
is
cre‐
ated.
whether
it
is
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory
or
a
file
in
another
direc‐
tory.
If
see
below.
The
default
is
If you
are
asked
to
con‐
firm
before
mes‐
sages
are
appended
to
an
exist‐
ing
file
that
is
not
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory.
This
does
not
affect
files
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory.
If
see
below.
The
default
is
If you
are
asked
to
con‐
firm
before
a
new
file
is
cre‐
ated
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory.
This
does
not
affect
files
in
other
direc‐
to‐
ries.
If
see
below.
The
default
is
Con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
another
direc‐
tory.
Con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
another
direc‐
tory.
Con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Do
not
con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
another
direc‐
tory.
Do
not
con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Do
not
con‐
firm
before
cre‐
at‐
ing
a
file
another
direc‐
tory.
Con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
another
direc‐
tory.
Con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
another
direc‐
tory.
Con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory.
Do
not
con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
another
direc‐
tory.
Do
not
con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
your
mail
direc‐
tory. Do
not
con‐
firm
before
append‐
ing
to
a
file
in
another
direc‐
tory.
If save
silent
copies
of
all
out‐
bound
mail
on
the
out‐
bound
step.
If
do
not
save
copies.
The
default
is
If
and
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able
is
first
tries
to
save
it
to
a
file
named
as
defined
by
If
the
file
exists,
the
mes‐
sage
is
saved.
If
the
file
does
not
exist,
but
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able
is
the
file
is
cre‐
ated
and
the
mes‐
sage
is
saved.
If
the
mes‐
sage
is
saved
to
the
file
defined
by
the
string
vari‐
able.
If
the
mes‐
sage
is
saved
to
the
file
defined
by
the
string
vari‐
able.
If cre‐
ate
the
folder
when
sav‐
ing
out‐
bound
mes‐
sages
by
the
login
name
of
the
recip‐
i‐
ent,
even
if
the
folder
doesn't
already
exist.
If
do
not
cre‐
ate
the
folder.
The
default
is
See
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able
for
fur‐
ther
details.
If and
the
numeric
vari‐
able
is
or
you
can
cre‐
ate
a
forms
mes‐
sage.
The
Send
Menu
(make
form)
com‐
mand
con‐
verts
your
mes‐
sage
into
a
forms
mes‐
sage.
If
you
can‐
not.
The
default
is
If con‐
vert
out‐
bound
mail
to
JIS
(Ja‐
pa‐
nese
Indus‐
trial
Stan‐
dard)
before
send‐
ing
it.
If
do
not
con‐
vert
it.
This
option
is
appli‐
ca‐
ble
only
to
the
Ja‐
pa‐
nese
locales,
and
The
default
is
string
vari‐
able.
If keep
fold‐
ers
from
which
all
the
mes‐
sages
are
deleted.
If
delete
empty
fold‐
ers.
The
default
is
If enable
the
HP
2622
ter‐
mi‐
nal
cur‐
sor
keys.
If
dis‐
able
the
cur‐
sor
keys.
If
the
pro‐
gram
is
invoked
with
the
com‐
mand
line
option,
is
set
to
See
also
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The
default
is
If this
inhibits
the
menu
dis‐
play
on
all
pro‐
gram
screen
dis‐
plays.
If
the
menus
are
dis‐
played.
If
the
pro‐
gram
is
invoked
with
the
com‐
mand
line
option,
is
set
to
The
default
is
If you
are
sent
a
copy
of
the
mes‐
sage
that
you
send
to
an
alias
that
includes
your
name
also.
If
the
copy
is
not
sent.
The
default
is
If a
for‐
warded
mes‐
sage
is
sent
as
an
attach‐
ment.
If
a
for‐
warded
mes‐
sage
is
sent
as
part
of
the
main
mes‐
sage.
The
default
is
If com‐
mands
that
move
through
the
mail‐
box
by
pages
(the
and
com‐
mands)
also
move
the
cur‐
rent
index
pointer
to
the
top
of
the
new
page
of
mes‐
sages.
If
mov‐
ing
through
the
pages
does
not
alter
the
cur‐
rent
mes‐
sage
pointer
loca‐
tion.
The
default
is
If show
only
the
user
names
when
expand‐
ing
the
aliases
for
an
out‐
bound
mes‐
sage.
If
OFF
,
show
the
entire
expanded
addresses.
The
default
is
If don't
do
RFC
1522
encod‐
ing
for
header
val‐
ues
that
con‐
tain
8-bit
or
multi‐
byte
char‐
ac‐
ters.
If
do
the
encod‐
ing.
The
default
is
If do
not
include
the
head‐
ers
of
mes‐
sages
when
copy‐
ing
a
mes‐
sage
into
a
file
buf‐
fer
for
reply‐
ing
to
or
for‐
ward‐
ing.
If
copy
all
head‐
ers.
The
default
is
If do
not
include
head‐
ers
when
copy‐
ing
a
mes‐
sage
into
a
file
buf‐
fer
for
for‐
ward‐
ing.
If
copy
all
head‐
ers.
For
for‐
ward‐
ing,
this
option
over‐
rides
the
set‐
ting
of
The
default
is
If use
the
value
of
the
vari‐
able
to
dis‐
play
MIME
mul‐
ti‐
part
mes‐
sages
with
unknown
sub‐
parts
or
with
unknown
sub‐
types.
If
call
to
view
mul‐
ti‐
part
mes‐
sages.
The
default
is
If auto‐
mat‐
i‐
cally
point
to
the
first
new
mes‐
sage
in
your
mes‐
sage
index
at
start-
up.
If
point
to
the
first
mes‐
sage.
In
either
case,
if
the
start-
up
folder
is
not
your
incom‐
ing
mail‐
box,
or
if
there
are
no
new
mes‐
sages,
point
to
the
first
mes‐
sage.
The
default
is
If prompt
for
a
com‐
mand
after
the
exter‐
nal
pager
exits.
If
return
to
the
call‐
ing
menu.
The
default
is
If move
the
pointer
to
the
next
mes‐
sage
in
the
index,
after
delet‐
ing,
undelet‐
ing,
sav‐
ing,
or
for‐
ward‐
ing
a
mes‐
sage.
If
keep
the
pointer
at
the
cur‐
rent
mes‐
sage.
The
default
is
If and
you
are
sav‐
ing
a
mes‐
sage,
con‐
structs
a
sug‐
gested
file
name
in
your
direc‐
tory
from
the
user
name
of
the
per‐
son
who
sent
the
mes‐
sage,
in
the
form
If
no
file
name
is
sug‐
gested.
If
and
you
are
send‐
ing
a
mes‐
sage
that
will
be
saved,
con‐
structs
a
file
name
based
on
the
user
name
of
the
first
entry
in
the
list,
in
the
same
form
as
above.
If
no
file
name
is
con‐
structed.
See
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able
for
fur‐
ther
details.
The
default
is
If insert
two
dashes
above
the
sig‐
na‐
ture
text,
included
from
a
local
or
remote
sig‐
na‐
ture
file.
This
is
a
com‐
mon
con‐
ven‐
tion.
If
omit
the
dashes.
The
default
is
If enable
the
HP
2622
ter‐
mi‐
nal
func‐
tion-
key
pro‐
to‐
col.
If
dis‐
able
the
func‐
tion-
key
pro‐
to‐
col.
If
the
pro‐
gram
is
invoked
with
the
or
com‐
mand
line
option,
is
set
to
See
also
the
bool‐
ean
vari‐
able.
The
default
is
If title
a
dis‐
played
mes‐
sage
with
a
line
in
the
form:
sender‐
name,
date,
and
time
are
extracted
from
the
mes‐
sage
head‐
ers
in
the
man‐
ner
described
in
Mes‐
sage
Index.
This
is
use‐
ful
if
you
have
sup‐
pressed
the
rel‐
e‐
vant
header
entries
with
the
list.
If
the
mes‐
sage
is
not
titled.
The
default
is
If use
the
and
cur‐
sor-
posi‐
tion‐
ing
entries
(see
ter‐
minfo(4)).
If
do
not
use
those
entries.
If
the
pro‐
gram
is
invoked
with
the
com‐
mand
line
option,
is
set
to
The
default
is
If do
not
dis‐
play
the
head‐
ers
defined
by
vari‐
able
when
dis‐
play‐
ing
a
mes‐
sage
for
read‐
ing.
If
dis‐
play
all
head‐
ers.
The
default
is
METAMAIL
CON‐
FIG‐
U‐
RA‐
TION
MIME
(Mul‐
ti‐
pur‐
pose
Inter‐
net
Mail
Exten‐
sions)
encod‐
ing
clas‐
si‐
fies
the
mes‐
sage
and
its
attach‐
ments
accord‐
ing
to
a
Con‐
tent-
Trans‐
fer-
Encod‐
ing,
which
is
the
encod‐
ing,
if
any,
that
is
used
to
make
the
mes‐
sage
mail‐
able,
and
a
Con‐
tent-
Type,
which
is
the
type
and
form
of
the
mes‐
sage
part
after
it
has
been
decoded.
The
encod‐
ing
and
types
are
described
in
more
detail
in
the
sub‐
sec‐
tion
and
in
RFC
1521.
pro‐
vides
built-
in
sup‐
port
for
the
fol‐
low‐
ing
Con‐
tent-
Types:
The
text
is
all
in
the
dis‐
playable
char‐
ac‐
ter
set
charset
which
defaults
to
The
mes‐
sage
is
com‐
posed
of
a
num‐
ber
of
indi‐
vid‐
ual
"body
parts",
sep‐
a‐
rated
by
each
hav‐
ing
optional
head‐
ers
defin‐
ing
Con‐
tent-
Type
and
Con‐
tent-
Trans‐
fer-
Encod‐
ing.
The
default
Con‐
tent-
Type
is
This
is
sim‐
i‐
lar
to
except
that
the
default
Con‐
tent-
Type
is
The
mes‐
sage
con‐
sists
of
another
mes‐
sage
in
stan‐
dard
mes‐
sage
for‐
mat.
is
a
sys‐
tem
pro‐
gram
that
is
invoked
by
to
man‐
age
the
dis‐
play
of
mes‐
sages
and
attach‐
ments
that
are
not
dis‐
playable
in
ordi‐
nary
ASCII
text.
pro‐
vides
exter‐
nal
sup‐
port
for
other
Con‐
tent-
Types,
as
defined
in
one
or
more
files.
The
sys‐
tem
file
is
You
can
define
your
own
default
file
in
You
can
also
spec‐
ify
your
own
list
of
files
by
set‐
ting
the
envi‐
ron‐
ment
vari‐
able.
The
files
are
searched
in
order
until
an
entry
is
found
that
matches
the
Con‐
tent-
Type
and
any
qual‐
i‐
fi‐
ca‐
tions.
A
min‐
i‐
mum
entry
con‐
sists
of
a
line
in
the
form:
The
com‐
mand
is
the
com‐
mand
that
you
would
type
to
view
a
file
of
the
indi‐
cated
Con‐
tent-
Type,
with
the
string
replaced
by
a
file
name.
For
exam‐
ple,
to
view
body
part
that
was
HTML
source
text
and
had
the
Con‐
tent-
Type
you
could
have
the
entry
Sim‐
i‐
larly,
for
a
GIF
image
file,
you
could
have
the
entry
RFC
1521
defines
a
num‐
ber
of
Con‐
tent-
Types
that
leaves
for
to
han‐
dle:
Check
the
sys‐
tem
file
for
entries
that
han‐
dle
many
of
them.
EXTERNAL
INFLU‐
ENCES
Envi‐
ron‐
ment
Vari‐
ables
Your
home
(login)
direc‐
tory.
If
set
and
non‐
null,
pro‐
vides
a
default
value
for
the and
string
vari‐
ables.
If
set
and
non‐
null,
deter‐
mines
the
lan‐
guage
in
which
mes‐
sages
are
dis‐
played. The
default
is
See
env‐
i‐
ron(5).
If
set,
defines
the
search
path
for files
used
by
The
default
is
If
set
and
non‐
null,
pro‐
vides
a
default
value
for
the string
vari‐
able.
If
set
and
non‐
null,
pro‐
vides
a
default
value
for
the string
vari‐
able.
If
set
and
non‐
null,
pro‐
vides
a
default
value
for
the string
vari‐
able.
If
set
and
non‐
null,
pro‐
vides
a
default
value
for
the string
vari‐
able.
Inter‐
na‐
tional
Code
Set
Sup‐
port
Sin‐
gle-
and
multi‐
byte
char‐
ac‐
ter
code
sets
are
sup‐
ported.
EXAMPLES
Mes‐
sage
Mode
Exam‐
ple
To
send
a
mes‐
sage
with‐
out
load‐
ing
the
main
mail-
pro‐
cess‐
ing
pro‐
gram,
use
the
sim‐
ple
com‐
mand
form
con‐
sist‐
ing
of
the
name
of
the
pro‐
gram
fol‐
lowed
by
the
recip‐
i‐
ent's
login
name
and
optional
address.
prompts
for
sub‐
ject
and
copies,
then
starts
an
edi‐
tor
so
you
can
com‐
pose
the
mes‐
sage
(user
responses
are
in
italic
type):
...invokes editor, you compose message, then...
If
you
"for‐
get"
the
mes‐
sage,
it
is
saved
in
File
Mode
with
Re‐
di‐
rect‐
ion
To
send
a
file
by
use
of
com‐
mand-
line
re‐
di‐
rect‐
ion,
use
a
com‐
mand
like:
which
reads
file
and
sends
it
with
the
default
sub‐
ject.
File
Mode
with
a
Pipe
To
mail
the
out‐
put
of
a
com‐
mand
and
include
a
sub‐
ject
line:
WARNINGS
Using
two
sep‐
a‐
rate
mail
pro‐
grams
to
access
the
same
mail
file
simul‐
ta‐
ne‐
ously
(usu‐
ally
inad‐
ver‐
tently
from
two
sep‐
a‐
rate
win‐
dows)
can
cause
unpre‐
dictable
results.
The
length
of
the
sub‐
ject
string
(used
with
the
com‐
mand
line
option)
and
file‐
names
(used
with
the
and
com‐
mand
line
options)
is
lim‐
ited
to
255
char‐
ac‐
ters.
If
the
length
exceeds
this
limit,
the
strings
will
be
trun‐
cated
to
255
char‐
ac‐
ters.
AUTHOR
was
devel‐
oped
by
Hewlett-
Packard
Com‐
pany.
FILES
Direc‐
tory
for
the
user's alias,
con‐
fig‐
u‐
ra‐
tion,
header,
and
other
files
User
alias
data‐
base
data
ta‐
ble
User
alias
data‐
base
direc‐
tory
ta‐
ble
User
alias
data‐
base
hash
ta‐
ble
User
alias
source
text
User-
defined
addi‐
tional
head‐
ers
User
con‐
fig‐
u‐
ra‐
tion
file
Can‐
celed
mes‐
sage
in
non‐
in‐
ter‐
ac‐
tive
use.
Tem‐
po‐
rary
file
for
delet‐
ing
alias
Edi‐
tor
buf‐
fer
for
forms
mes‐
sage
Tem‐
po‐
rary
mail‐
box
for
user log‐
name
Tem‐
po‐
rary
file
for
print‐
ing
mes‐
sage
Out‐
go‐
ing
mail
mes‐
sage
edit
buf‐
fer
Out‐
go‐
ing
mail
header
edit
buf‐
fer
Loca‐
tion
of
the
mes‐
sage
cat‐
a‐
log
Com‐
ment
file
for file
Direc‐
tory
for
incom‐
ing
mail;
it
must
have
mode
and
group
ID
Direc‐
tory
for mailer
sys‐
tem
aliases
Sys‐
tem
alias
data‐
base
data
ta‐
ble
Sys‐
tem
alias
data‐
base
direc‐
tory
ta‐
ble
Sys‐
tem
alias
data‐
base
hash
ta‐
ble
Sys‐
tem
alias
source
text
Incom‐
ing
mail‐
box
for
user;
it
must
have
mode
and
group
ID
Lock
for
mail
direc‐
tory
SEE ALSO
answer(1),
chfn(1),
elmalias(1),
fast‐
mail(1),
fin‐
ger(1),
mail‐
from(1),
newalias(1),
new‐
mail(1),
read‐
mail(1),
vi(1),
send‐
mail(1M),
passwd(4),
ter‐
minfo(4),
env‐
i‐
ron(5).
RFC
821 "Sim‐
ple
Mail
Trans‐
fer
Pro‐
to‐
col
(SMTP)"
RFC
822 "Stan‐
dard
for
the
For‐
mat
of
Inter‐
net
Text
Mes‐
sages"
RFC
1341 "MIME
(Mul‐
ti‐
pur‐
pose
Inter‐
net
Mail
Exten‐
sions):
Mech‐
a‐
nisms
for
Spec‐
i‐
fy‐
ing
and
Describ‐
ing
the
For‐
mat
of
Inter‐
net
Mes‐
sage
Bod‐
ies"
RFC
1521 "MIME
(Mul‐
ti‐
pur‐
pose
Inter‐
net
Mail
Exten‐
sions)
Part
One:
Mech‐
a‐
nisms
for
Spec‐
i‐
fy‐
ing
and
Describ‐
ing
the
For‐
mat
of
Inter‐
net
Mes‐
sage
Bod‐
ies"
RFC
1522 "MIME
(Mul‐
ti‐
pur‐
pose
Inter‐
net
Mail
Exten‐
sions)
Part
Two:
Mes‐
sage
Header
Exten‐
sions
for
Non-
ASCII
Text"
elm(1)
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