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gethostbyname(3N)					     gethostbyname(3N)

NAME
     gethostbyname, gethostbyname_r, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyaddr_r,
     gethostent, gethostent_r, fgethostent, fgethostent_r, sethostent,
     endhostent, herror, hstrerror - get network host entry

SYNOPSIS
     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <sys/socket.h>
     #include <netinet/in.h>
     #include <netdb.h>

     extern int h_errno;

     struct hostent *gethostbyname(const char *name);

     struct hostent *gethostbyname_r(const char *name, struct hostent *hent, char *buffer, int bufsize, int *h_errnop);

     struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(const void *addr, socklen_t addrlen, int type);

     struct hostent *gethostbyaddr_r(const void *addr, size_t addrlen, int type, struct hostent *hent, char *buffer, int bufsize, int *h_errnop);

     struct hostent *gethostent(void);

     struct hostent *gethostent_r(struct hostent *hent, char buffer, int bufsize);

     struct hostent *fgethostent(FILE *f);

     struct hostent *fgethostent_r(FILE *f, struct hostent *hent, char buffer, int bufsize);

     void sethostent(int stayopen);

     void endhostent(void);

     void herror(const char *string);

     char *hstrerror(int err);

DESCRIPTION
     gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr and their reentrant counterpoints each
     return a pointer to a hostent data structure describing an Internet host
     referenced by name or by address, respectively.  This structure contains
     either the information obtained from broken-out fields from a line in
     /etc/hosts.  or some other back-end hosts database.

	  struct    hostent {
	       char *h_name;	   /* official name of host */
	       char **h_aliases;   /* alias list */
	       int  h_addrtype;	   /* host address type */
	       int  h_length;	   /* length of address */
	       char **h_addr_list; /* list of addresses from name server */
	  };
	  #define   h_addr  h_addr_list[0]   /* address, for backward

									Page 1

gethostbyname(3N)					     gethostbyname(3N)

					   compatibility */

     The members of this structure are:

     h_name	   Official name of the host.

     h_aliases	   A zero terminated array of alternate names for the host.

     h_addrtype	   The type of address being returned; currently always
		   AF_INET.

     h_length	   The length, in bytes, of the address.

     h_addr_list   A zero terminated array of network addresses for the host.
		   Host addresses are returned in network byte order.

     h_addr	   The first address in h_addr_list; this is for backward
		   compatibility.

     The name argument to gethostbyname is a character string containing an
     Internet hostname or an Internet address in standard dot notation (see
     inet(3N)).	 If the name contains no dot, and if the environment variable
     HOSTALIASES contains the name of an alias file, the alias file is first
     searched for an alias matching the input name.  See hostname(5) for the
     alias file format.	 The addr argument to gethostbyaddr points to a buffer
     containing a 32-bit Internet host address in network byte order.  addrlen
     contains the address length in bytes; it should be set to sizeof(struct
     in_addr).	type specifies the address family and should be set to
     AF_INET.

     The gethostbyname and gethostbyaddr routines only parse /etc/hosts format
     configuration files.  An external data supplier nsd(1M) may be used to
     provide data from another source such as the Domain Name Service daemon
     named, or the NIS databases.

     An administrator may specify a default ordering of the services in the
     nsd configuration file /etc/nsswitch.conf.

     When using the Domain Name Server, gethostbyname searches for the named
     host in the current domain and its parents unless the name ends in a dot.
     See hostname(5) for the domain search procedure.  Also when using the
     name server, gethostbyname restricts the length of each subdomain name in
     a hostname to at most 63 characters.

     When nsd is running, gethostent obtains the next entry in the
     hosts.byaddr table.  sethostent and endhostent reset the pointer into the
     map to the beginning.

     If nsd is not running, gethostent reads the next line of /etc/hosts,
     opening the file if necessary.  sethostent opens and rewinds the file.
     If the stayopen flag is non-zero, the file is not closed after each call
     to gethostbynameorgethostbyaddr.  endhostent closes the file.

									Page 2

gethostbyname(3N)					     gethostbyname(3N)

     The routines fgethostent and fgethostent_r will return the next line from
     the supplied file broken out into a hostent structure.  This file must be
     of the same format as /etc/hosts .

     The routines gethostbyname, gethostbyaddr, gethostent, and fgethostent
     all return pointers to data in a static space.  Reentrant versions of
     each of these are supplied as gethostbyname_r, gethostbyaddr_r,
     gethostent_r and fgethostent_r.  These routines parse the results into
     passed in space.  They each have extra arguments for an address to a
     struct hostent structure and a flat buffer.

DIAGNOSTICS
     Error return status from gethostbyname and gethostbyaddr is indicated by
     return of a null (0) pointer.  The global integer h_errno can then be
     checked to see whether this is a temporary failure or an invalid or
     unknown host.  The routine herror can be used to print an error message
     to file descriptor 2 (standard error) describing the failure.  If its
     argument string is non-NULL, it is printed, followed by a colon and a
     space.  The error message is printed with a trailing newline.  To
     simplify variant formatting of messages, hstrerror takes an error number
     (typically h_errno) and returns the corresponding message string.

     h_errno can have the following values:

     HOST_NOT_FOUND  No such host is known.

     TRY_AGAIN	     This is usually a temporary error and means that the
		     local server did not receive a response from an
		     authoritative server.  A retry at some later time may
		     succeed.

     NO_RECOVERY     Some unexpected server failure was encountered.  This is
		     a non-recoverable error.

     NO_DATA	     The requested name is valid but does not have an IP
		     address; this is not a temporary error.  This means that
		     the name is known to the name server but there is no
		     address associated with this name.	 Another type of
		     request to the name server using this domain name results
		     in an answer; for example, a mail-forwarder can be
		     registered for this domain.

NOTE
     The Mips ABI specifies nothing but local files so applications which wish
     to use anything else must compile with libc prior to libnsl in the
     library list.

     When nsd is running changes to the local host file may not be noticed by
     gethostent() until the enumeration cache file has timed out.

									Page 3

gethostbyname(3N)					     gethostbyname(3N)

FILES
     /etc/hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf
     /etc/resolv.conf	  contains addresses of remote name servers

ENVIRONMENT
     HOSTALIASES     contains hostname aliases
     getaddrinfo(3), getnameinfo(3), getipnodebyname(3), named(1M), nsd(1N),
     gethostent(3N), resolver(3N), hosts(4), resolver(4), hostname(5).

     IRIX Network Programming Guide

     IRIX Admin: Networking and Mail

BUGS
     Only the Internet address format is currently understood.

									Page 4

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