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font(n)			     Tk Built-In Commands		       font(n)

______________________________________________________________________________

NAME
       font - Create and inspect fonts.

SYNOPSIS
       font option ?arg arg ...?
_________________________________________________________________

DESCRIPTION
       The  font  command  provides several facilities for dealing with fonts,
       such as defining named fonts and inspecting the actual attributes of  a
       font.  The command has several different forms, determined by the first
       argument.  The following forms are currently supported:

       font actual font ?-displayof window? ?option? ?--? ?char?
	      Returns  information  about  the	actual	attributes  that   are
	      obtained	when  font  is	used  on  window's display; the actual
	      attributes obtained may differ from the attributes requested due
	      to  platform-dependent  limitations, such as the availability of
	      font families and point sizes.  font is a font description;  see
	      FONT  DESCRIPTIONS below.	 If the window argument is omitted, it
	      defaults to the main window.  If option  is  specified,  returns
	      the  value of that attribute; if it is omitted, the return value
	      is a list of all the attributes  and  their  values.   See  FONT
	      OPTIONS  below  for  a  list of the possible attributes.	If the
	      char argument is supplied, it must be a  single  character.  The
	      font attributes returned will be those of the specific font used
	      to render that character, which will be different from the  base
	      font  if the base font does not contain the given character.  If
	      char may be a hyphen, it should be preceded by -- to distinguish
	      it from a misspelled option.

       font configure fontname ?option? ?value option value ...?
	      Query or modify the desired attributes for the named font called
	      fontname.	 If no option is specified, returns a list  describing
	      all  the	options	 and  their  values for fontname.  If a single
	      option is specified with no  value,  then	 returns  the  current
	      value  of that attribute.	 If one or more option-value pairs are
	      specified, then the command modifies the	given  named  font  to
	      have the given values; in this case, all widgets using that font
	      will redisplay themselves using the new attributes for the font.
	      See FONT OPTIONS below for a list of the possible attributes.

	      Note  that on Aqua/Mac OS X, the system fonts (see PLATFORM SPE‐
	      CIFIC FONTS below) may not be actually altered because they  are
	      implemented  by the system theme. To achieve the effect of modi‐
	      fication, use font actual to get their  configuration  and  font
	      create to synthesize a copy of the font which can be modified.

       font create ?fontname? ?option value ...?
	      Creates  a new named font and returns its name.  fontname speci‐
	      fies the name for the font; if it is omitted, then Tk  generates
	      a	 new name of the form fontx, where x is an integer.  There may
	      be any number of option-value pairs, which provide  the  desired
	      attributes for the new named font.  See FONT OPTIONS below for a
	      list of the possible attributes.

       font delete fontname ?fontname ...?
	      Delete the specified named fonts.	 If there  are	widgets	 using
	      the  named  font,	 the  named  font will not actually be deleted
	      until all the instances are released.  Those widgets  will  con‐
	      tinue to display using the last known values for the named font.
	      If a deleted named font is subsequently recreated	 with  another
	      call to font create, the widgets will use the new named font and
	      redisplay themselves using the new attributes of that font.

       font families ?-displayof window?
	      The return value is a list of the case-insensitive names of  all
	      font  families  that  exist  on window's display.	 If the window
	      argument is omitted, it defaults to the main window.

       font measure font ?-displayof window? text
	      Measures the amount of space the string text would  use  in  the
	      given  font  when	 displayed in window.  font is a font descrip‐
	      tion; see FONT DESCRIPTIONS below.  If the  window  argument  is
	      omitted,	it  defaults  to the main window.  The return value is
	      the total width in pixels of text, not including the extra  pix‐
	      els  used	 by highly exaggerated characters such as cursive “f”.
	      If the string contains newlines or tabs,	those  characters  are
	      not expanded or treated specially when measuring the string.

       font metrics font ?-displayof window? ?option?
	      Returns  information about the metrics (the font-specific data),
	      for font when it is used on window's display.  font  is  a  font
	      description;  see	 FONT DESCRIPTIONS below.  If the window argu‐
	      ment is omitted, it defaults to the main window.	If  option  is
	      specified,  returns  the value of that metric; if it is omitted,
	      the return value is a list of all the metrics and their  values.
	      See FONT METRICS below for a list of the possible metrics.

       font names
	      The  return value is a list of all the named fonts that are cur‐
	      rently defined.

FONT DESCRIPTIONS
       The following formats are accepted as a font description anywhere  font
       is  specified as an argument above; these same forms are also permitted
       when specifying the -font option for widgets.

       [1] fontname
	      The name of a named font, created using the font create command.
	      When a widget uses a named font, it is guaranteed that this will
	      never cause an error, as long as the named font exists, no  mat‐
	      ter  what	 potentially  invalid or meaningless set of attributes
	      the named font has.  If the named font cannot be displayed  with
	      exactly  the specified attributes, some other close font will be
	      substituted automatically.

       [2] systemfont
	      The platform-specific name of a font, interpreted by the	graph‐
	      ics  server.  This also includes, under X, an XLFD (see [4]) for
	      which a single “*” character was used to	elide  more  than  one
	      field  in	 the  middle of the name.  See PLATFORM SPECIFIC FONTS
	      for a list of the system fonts.

       [3] family ?size? ?style? ?style ...?
	      A properly formed list whose first element is the	 desired  font
	      family  and  whose  optional second element is the desired size.
	      The interpretation of the size attribute follows the same	 rules
	      described	 for  -size  in	 FONT  OPTIONS	below.	Any additional
	      optional arguments following the size are font styles.  Possible
	      values for the style arguments are as follows:
	      normal	  bold	      roman	 italic underline   overstrike

       [4] X-font names (XLFD)
	      A	  Unix-centric	 font	name   of   the	  form	 -foundry-fam‐
	      ily-weight-slant-setwidth-addstyle-pixel-point-resx-resy-spac‐
	      ing-width-charset-encoding.   The	 “*”  character may be used to
	      skip individual fields that the user does not care about.	 There
	      must  be	exactly	 one “*” for each field skipped, except that a
	      “*” at the end of the  XLFD  skips  any  remaining  fields;  the
	      shortest	valid  XLFD  is	 simply	 “*”, signifying all fields as
	      defaults.	 Any fields that were skipped are given	 default  val‐
	      ues.   For  compatibility,  an XLFD always chooses a font of the
	      specified pixel size (not point size); although this interpreta‐
	      tion  is	not  strictly correct, all existing applications using
	      XLFDs assumed that one “point” was in fact one pixel  and	 would
	      display  incorrectly (generally larger) if the correct size font
	      were actually used.

       [5] option value ?option value ...?
	      A properly formed list of option-value pairs  that  specify  the
	      desired  attributes  of  the  font, in the same format used when
	      defining a named font; see FONT OPTIONS below.

       When font description font is used, the system attempts	to  parse  the
       description  according  to  each	 of the above five rules, in the order
       specified.  Cases [1] and [2] must match the name of an existing	 named
       font  or of a system font.  Cases [3], [4], and [5] are accepted on all
       platforms and the closest available font will be used.  In some	situa‐
       tions  it  may  not  be possible to find any close font (e.g., the font
       family was a  garbage  value);  in  that	 case,	some  system-dependent
       default	font is chosen.	 If the font description does not match any of
       the above patterns, an error is generated.

FONT METRICS
       The following options are used by the font  metrics  command  to	 query
       font-specific data determined when the font was created.	 These proper‐
       ties are for the whole font itself and not  for	individual  characters
       drawn  in that font.  In the following definitions, the “baseline” of a
       font is the horizontal line where the bottom of most letters  line  up;
       certain letters, such as lower-case “g” stick below the baseline.

       -ascent
	      The amount in pixels that the tallest letter sticks up above the
	      baseline of the font, plus any extra blank space	added  by  the
	      designer of the font.

       -descent
	      The  largest  amount in pixels that any letter sticks down below
	      the baseline of the font, plus any extra blank  space  added  by
	      the designer of the font.

       -linespace
	      Returns  how  far	 apart	vertically in pixels two lines of text
	      using the same font should be placed so that none of the charac‐
	      ters  in	one  line  overlap  any of the characters in the other
	      line.  This is generally the sum of the ascent above  the	 base‐
	      line line plus the descent below the baseline.

       -fixed
	      Returns  a  boolean  flag	 that  is “1” if this is a fixed-width
	      font, where each normal character is the same width as  all  the
	      other  characters,  or is “0” if this is a proportionally-spaced
	      font, where individual characters have  different	 widths.   The
	      widths  of  control  characters,	tab characters, and other non-
	      printing characters  are	not  included  when  calculating  this
	      value.

FONT OPTIONS
       The following options are supported on all platforms, and are used when
       constructing a named font or when specifying a font using style [5]  as
       above:

       -family name
	      The case-insensitive font family name.  Tk guarantees to support
	      the font	families  named	 Courier  (a  monospaced  “typewriter”
	      font),  Times  (a	 serifed  “newspaper”  font), and Helvetica (a
	      sans-serif “European” font).  The most closely  matching	native
	      font  family  will  automatically be substituted when one of the
	      above font families is used.  The name may also be the name of a
	      native, platform-specific font family; in that case it will work
	      as desired on one platform but  may  not	display	 correctly  on
	      other  platforms.	 If the family is unspecified or unrecognized,
	      a platform-specific default font will be chosen.

       -size size
	      The desired size of the font.  If the size argument is  a	 posi‐
	      tive  number, it is interpreted as a size in points.  If size is
	      a negative number, its absolute value is interpreted as  a  size
	      in pixels.  If a font cannot be displayed at the specified size,
	      a nearby size will be chosen.  If size is unspecified or zero, a
	      platform-dependent default size will be chosen.

	      Sizes  should normally be specified in points so the application
	      will remain the same ruler size on the screen, even when	chang‐
	      ing screen resolutions or moving scripts across platforms.  How‐
	      ever, specifying pixels is useful in certain circumstances  such
	      as  when	a  piece of text must line up with respect to a fixed-
	      size bitmap.  The mapping between points and pixels is set  when
	      the  application	starts,	 based	on properties of the installed
	      monitor, but it can be overridden by calling the tk scaling com‐
	      mand.

       -weight weight
	      The  nominal thickness of the characters in the font.  The value
	      normal specifies a normal weight font, while  bold  specifies  a
	      bold  font.   The	 closest available weight to the one specified
	      will be chosen.  The default weight is normal.

       -slant slant
	      The amount the characters in the font are slanted away from  the
	      vertical.	 Valid values for slant are roman and italic.  A roman
	      font is the normal, upright  appearance  of  a  font,  while  an
	      italic  font  is	one that is tilted some number of degrees from
	      upright.	The closest available slant to the one specified  will
	      be chosen.  The default slant is roman.

       -underline boolean
	      The value is a boolean flag that specifies whether characters in
	      this font should be underlined.  The default value for underline
	      is false.

       -overstrike boolean
	      The  value is a boolean flag that specifies whether a horizontal
	      line should be drawn through the middle of  characters  in  this
	      font.  The default value for overstrike is false.

STANDARD FONTS
       The  following named fonts are supported on all systems, and default to
       values that match appropriate system defaults.

       TkDefaultFont
	      This font is the default for all GUI items not otherwise	speci‐
	      fied.

       TkTextFont
	      This  font  should be used for user text in entry widgets, list‐
	      boxes etc.

       TkFixedFont
	      This font is the standard fixed-width font.

       TkMenuFont
	      This font is used for menu items.

       TkHeadingFont
	      This font should be  used	 for  column  headings	in  lists  and
	      tables.

       TkCaptionFont
	      This font should be used for window and dialog caption bars.

       TkSmallCaptionFont
	      This  font  should  be used for captions on contained windows or
	      tool dialogs.

       TkIconFont
	      This font should be used for icon captions.

       TkTooltipFont
	      This font should be used for tooltip windows (transient informa‐
	      tion windows).

       It  is not advised to change these fonts, as they may be modified by Tk
       itself in response to system changes. Instead, make a copy of the  font
       and modify that.

PLATFORM SPECIFIC FONTS
       The following system fonts are supported:

       X Windows
	      All  valid  X font names, including those listed by xlsfonts(1),
	      are available.

       MS Windows
	      The following fonts are supported, and are mapped to the	user's
	      style defaults.
	      system	  ansi	      device systemfixed ansifixed   oemfixed

       Mac OS X
	      The  following fonts are supported, and are mapped to the user's
	      style defaults.
	      system	  application menu

	      Additionally, the following named fonts provide  access  to  the
	      Aqua theme fonts: systemSystemFont    systemEmphasizedSystemFont
	      systemSmallSystemFontsystemSmallEmphasizedSystemFont   systemAp‐
	      plicationFontsystemLabelFont   systemViewsFont	 systemMenuTi‐
	      tleFont  systemMenuItemFont  systemMenuItemMarkFont  systemMenu‐
	      ItemCmdKeyFontsystemWindowTitleFont systemPushButtonFontsystemU‐
	      tilityWindowTitleFont	systemAlertHeaderFontsystemToolbarFont
	      systemMiniSystemFontsystemDetailSystemFont    systemDetailEmpha‐
	      sizedSystemFont

EXAMPLE
       Fill a text widget with lots of font demonstrators, one for every  font
       family installed on your system:
	      pack [text .t -wrap none] -fill both -expand 1
	      set count 0
	      set tabwidth 0
	      foreach family [lsort -dictionary [font families]] {
		  .t tag configure f[incr count] -font [list $family 10]
		  .t insert end ${family}:\t {} \
			  "This is a simple sampler\n" f$count
		  set w [font measure [.t cget -font] ${family}:]
		  if {$w+5 > $tabwidth} {
		      set tabwidth [expr {$w+5}]
		      .t configure -tabs $tabwidth
		  }
	      }

SEE ALSO
       options(n)

KEYWORDS
       font

Tk				      8.0			       font(n)
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