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shell_builtins(1)		 User Commands		     shell_builtins(1)

NAME
       shell_builtins,	case,  for,  foreach,  function,  if,  repeat, select,
       switch, until, while - shell command interpreter built-in commands

DESCRIPTION
       The shell command interpreters csh(1), ksh(1), and sh(1)	 have  special
       built-in	 commands.  The	 commands  case,  for,	foreach, function, if,
       repeat, select, switch, until, and while are  commands  in  the	syntax
       recognized by the shells. They are described in the Commands section of
       the manual pages of  the	 respective  shells.  The  remaining  commands
       listed in the table below are built into the shells for reasons such as
       efficiency or  data  sharing  between  command  invocations.  They  are
       described on their respective manual pages.

				    │
		 Command	    │		Shell
       alias			    │csh, ksh
       bg			    │csh, ksh, sh
       break			    │csh, ksh, sh
       case			    │csh, ksh, sh
       cd			    │csh, ksh, sh
       chdir			    │csh, sh
       continue			    │csh, ksh, sh
       dirs			    │csh
       echo			    │csh, ksh, sh
       eval			    │csh, ksh, sh
       exec			    │csh, ksh, sh
       exit			    │csh, ksh, sh
       export			    │ksh, sh
       false			    │ksh
       fc			    │ksh
       fg			    │csh, ksh, sh
       for			    │ksh, sh
       foreach			    │csh
       function			    │ksh
       getopts			    │ksh, sh
       glob			    │csh
       goto			    │csh
       hash			    │ksh, sh
       hashstat			    │csh
       history			    │csh
       if			    │csh, ksh, sh
       jobs			    │csh, ksh, sh
       kill			    │csh, ksh, sh
       let			    │ksh
       limit			    │csh
       login			    │csh, ksh, sh
       logout			    │csh, ksh, sh
       nice			    │csh
       newgrp			    │ksh, sh
       nohup			    │csh
       notify			    │csh
       onintr			    │csh
       popd			    │csh
       print			    │ksh
       pushd			    │csh
       pwd			    │ksh, sh
       read			    │ksh, sh
       readonly			    │ksh, sh
       rehash			    │csh
       repeat			    │csh

       return			    │ksh, sh
       select			    │ksh
       set			    │csh, ksh, sh
       setenv			    │csh
       shift			    │csh, ksh, sh
       source			    │csh
       stop			    │csh, ksh, sh
       suspend			    │csh, ksh, sh
       switch			    │csh
       test			    │ksh, sh
       time			    │csh
       times			    │ksh, sh
       trap			    │ksh, sh
       true			    │ksh
       type			    │ksh, sh
       typeset			    │ksh
       ulimit			    │ksh, sh
       umask			    │csh, ksh, sh
       unalias			    │csh, ksh
       unhash			    │csh
       unlimit			    │csh
       unset			    │csh, ksh, sh
       unsetenv			    │csh
       until			    │ksh, sh
       wait			    │csh, ksh, sh
       whence			    │ksh
       while			    │csh, ksh, sh

   Bourne Shell, sh,  Special Commands
       Input/output  redirection  is  now  permitted  for these commands. File
       descriptor 1 is the  default  output  location.	When  Job  Control  is
       enabled,	 additional Special Commands are added to the shell's environ‐
       ment.

       In addition to these built-in reserved command words, sh also uses:

       :	       No effect; the command does nothing. A zero  exit  code
		       is returned.

       .filename       Read and execute commands from filename and return. The
		       search path specified by	 PATH  is  used	 to  find  the
		       directory containing filename.

   C shell, csh
       Built-in	 commands  are executed within the C shell. If a built-in com‐
       mand occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last, it is  exe‐
       cuted  in  a  subshell.	In addition to these built-in reserved command
       words, csh also uses:

       :	       Null command. This command is interpreted, but performs
		       no action.

   Korn Shell, ksh,  Special Commands
       Input/Output  redirection is permitted. Unless otherwise indicated, the
       output is written on file descriptor 1 and the exit status, when	 there
       is no syntax error, is zero.

       Commands that are preceded by one or two * (asterisks) are treated spe‐
       cially in the following ways:

       1.  Variable assignment lists preceding the command  remain  in	effect
	   when the command completes.

       2.  I/O redirections are processed after variable assignments.

       3.  Errors cause a script that contains them to abort.

       4.  Words, following a command preceded by ** that are in the format of
	   a variable assignment, are expanded with the same rules as a	 vari‐
	   able	 assignment.  This  means that tilde substitution is performed
	   after the = sign and word splitting and file	 name  generation  are
	   not performed.

       In addition to these built-in reserved command words, ksh also uses:

       * : [ arg ... ] The command only expands parameters.

       * .file [ arg ..Read  the  complete file then execute the commands. The
		       commands are executed in the current shell environment.
		       The  search  path specified by PATH is used to find the
		       directory containing file. If  any  arguments  arg  are
		       given,  they  become  the positional parameters. Other‐
		       wise, the positional parameters are unchanged. The exit
		       status is the exit status of the last command executed.
		       the loop termination test.

SEE ALSO
       intro(1),  alias(1),  break(1),	cd(1),	chmod(1),   csh(1),   echo(1),
       exec(1),	 exit(1), find(1), getoptcvt(1), getopts(1), glob(1), hash(1),
       history(1),  jobs(1),  kill(1),	ksh(1),	 let(1),  limit(1),  login(1),
       logout(1),  newgrp(1),  nice(1),	 nohup(1),  print(1), pwd(1), read(1),
       readonly(1), set(1), sh(1), shift(1),  suspend(1),  test(1B),  time(1),
       times(1),  trap(1),  typeset(1), umask(1), wait(1), chdir(2), chmod(2),
       creat(2), umask(2), getopt(3C), profile(4), environ(5)

SunOS 5.10			  29 Jun 2005		     shell_builtins(1)
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