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printf(3UCB)	   SunOS/BSD Compatibility Library Functions	  printf(3UCB)

NAME
       printf,	fprintf, sprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf - formatted out‐
       put conversion

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/ucb/cc [flag ...] file ...
       #include <stdio.h>

       int printf(format, ...)
       const char *format;

       int fprintf(stream, format, va_list)
       FILE *stream;
       char *format;
       va_dcl;

       char *sprintf(s, format, va_list)
       char *s, *format;
       va_dcl;

       int vprintf(format, ap)
       char *format;
       va_list ap;

       int vfprintf(stream, format, ap)
       FILE *stream;
       char *format;
       va_list ap;

       char *vsprintf(s, format, ap)
       char *s, *format;
       va_list ap;

DESCRIPTION
       printf() places output on the standard output stream stdout.  fprintf()
       places  output  on  the named output stream. sprintf() places "output,"
       followed by the NULL character (\0), in consecutive bytes  starting  at
       *s;  it	is  the user's responsibility to ensure that enough storage is
       available.

       vprintf(),  vfprintf(),	and  vsprintf()	 are  the  same	 as  printf(),
       fprintf(),  and	sprintf()  respectively,  except that instead of being
       called with a variable number of arguments, they	 are  called  with  an
       argument list as defined by <varargs.h>.

       Each  of	 these	functions converts, formats, and prints its args under
       control of the format. The format is a character string which  contains
       two  types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to the
       output stream, and conversion specifications, each of which causes con‐
       version and printing of zero or more args. The results are undefined if
       there are insufficient args for the format. If the format is  exhausted
       while args remain, the excess args are simply ignored.

       Each  conversion	 specification is introduced by the character %. After
       the %, the following appear in sequence:

	   o	  Zero or more flags, which modify the meaning of the  conver‐
		  sion specification.

	   o	  An  optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum field
		  width. If the converted value has fewer characters than  the
		  field width, it will be padded on the left (or right, if the
		  left-adjustment flag `−', described below, has  been	given)
		  to  the  field  width. The padding is with blanks unless the
		  field width digit string starts with a zero, in  which  case
		  the padding is with zeros.

	   o	  A  precision	that  gives  the  minimum  number of digits to
		  appear for the d, i, o, u, x, or X conversions,  the	number
		  of  digits  to  appear after the decimal point for the e, E,
		  and f conversions, the maximum number of significant	digits
		  for the g and G conversion, or the maximum number of charac‐
		  ters to be printed from a string in s conversion.  The  pre‐
		  cision  takes the form of a period (.) followed by a decimal
		  digit string; a NULL digit string is treated as  zero.  Pad‐
		  ding specified by the precision overrides the padding speci‐
		  fied by the field width.

	   o	  An optional l (ell) specifying that a following d, i, o,  u,
		  x,  or X conversion character applies to a long integer arg.
		  An l before any other conversion character is ignored.

	   o	  A character that indicates the  type	of  conversion	to  be
		  applied.

       A  field width or precision or both may be indicated by an asterisk (*)
       instead of a digit string. In this case, an integer  arg	 supplies  the
       field  width  or	 precision.  The arg that is actually converted is not
       fetched until the conversion letter is seen,  so	 the  args  specifying
       field width or precision must appear before the arg (if any) to be con‐
       verted. A negative field width argument is taken as a `−' flag followed
       by  a  positive	field width. If the precision argument is negative, it
       will be changed to zero.

       The flag characters and their meanings are:

       −	The result of the conversion will be left-justified within the
		field.

       +	The  result  of	 a  signed conversion will always begin with a
		sign (+ or −).

       blank	If the first character of a signed conversion is not a sign, a
		blank will be prefixed to the result. This implies that if the
		blank and + flags both appear, the blank flag will be ignored.

       #	This flag specifies that the value is to be  converted	to  an
		"alternate  form." For c, d, i, s, and u conversions, the flag
		has no effect. For o conversion, it increases the precision to
		force  the  first digit of the result to be a zero. For x or X
		conversion, a non-zero result will have 0x or 0X  prefixed  to
		it.  For e, E, f, g, and G conversions, the result will always
		contain a decimal point, even if no digits  follow  the	 point
		(normally, a decimal point appears in the result of these con‐
		versions only if a digit follows it). For g and G conversions,
		trailing  zeroes  will	not  be removed from the result (which
		they normally are).

       The conversion characters and their meanings are:

       d,i,o,u,x,X    The integer arg is converted to signed decimal (d or i),
		      unsigned	octal  (o),  unsigned decimal (u), or unsigned
		      hexadecimal notation (x and X), respectively;  the  let‐
		      ters  abcdef  are	 used for x conversion and the letters
		      ABCDEF for X conversion.	The  precision	specifies  the
		      minimum  number  of digits to appear; if the value being
		      converted can be represented in fewer digits, it will be
		      expanded	with  leading  zeroes. (For compatibility with
		      older versions, padding with leading zeroes may alterna‐
		      tively  be  specified  by prepending a zero to the field
		      width. This does not imply an octal value for the	 field
		      width.)  The  default precision is 1. The result of con‐
		      verting a zero value with a precision of zero is a  NULL
		      string.

       f	      The float or double arg is converted to decimal notation
		      in the style [−]ddd.ddd where the number of digits after
		      the  decimal  point is equal to the precision specifica‐
		      tion. If the precision is missing, 6 digits  are	given;
		      if the precision is explicitly 0, no digits and no deci‐
		      mal point are printed.

       e,E	      The float or  double  arg	 is  converted	in  the	 style
		      [−]d.ddde±ddd, where there is one digit before the deci‐
		      mal point and the number of digits after it is equal  to
		      the  precision;  when the precision is missing, 6 digits
		      are produced; if the precision is zero, no decimal point
		      appears.	The E format code will produce a number with E
		      instead of e  introducing	 the  exponent.	 The  exponent
		      always contains at least two digits.

       g,G	      The  float  or double arg is printed in style f or e (or
		      in style E in the case of a G  format  code),  with  the
		      precision	 specifying  the number of significant digits.
		      The style used depends on the value converted:  style  e
		      or  E  will  be used only if the exponent resulting from
		      the conversion is less than −4 or greater than the  pre‐
		      cision.  Trailing	 zeroes are removed from the result; a
		      decimal point appears only if it is followed by a digit.

       The e, E f, g, and G formats print IEEE indeterminate values  (infinity
       or not-a-number) as "Infinity" or "NaN" respectively.

       c    The character arg is printed.

       s    The arg is taken to be a string (character pointer) and characters
	    from the string are printed until a NULL character (\0) is encoun‐
	    tered or until the number of characters indicated by the precision
	    specification is reached. If the precision is missing, it is taken
	    to	be  infinite, so all characters up to the first NULL character
	    are printed. A NULL value for arg will yield undefined results.

       %    Print a %; no argument is converted.

       In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of
       a  field;  if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width,
       the field is simply expanded to contain the conversion result.  Padding
       takes place only if the specified field width exceeds the actual width.
       Characters generated by	printf()  and  fprintf()  are  printed	as  if
       putc(3C) had been called.

RETURN VALUES
       Upon  success,  printf()	 and fprintf() return the number of characters
       transmitted, excluding the null	character.  vprintf()  and  vfprintf()
       return  the  number of characters transmitted. sprintf() and vsprintf()
       always return s. If an output error is encountered, printf(), fprint(),
       vprintf(), and vfprintf() return EOF.

EXAMPLES
       Example 1 Examples of the printf Command To Print a Date and Time

       To  print  a  date  and time in the form "Sunday, July 3, 10:02," where
       weekday and month are pointers to NULL-terminated strings:

	 printf("%s, %s %i, %d:%.2d", weekday, month, day, hour, min);

       Example 2 Examples of the printf	 Command  To  Print  to	 Five  Decimal
       Places

       To print to five decimal places:

	 printf("pi = %.5f", 4 * atan(1. 0));

SEE ALSO
       cc(1B), econvert(3C), putc(3C), scanf(3C), vprintf(3C)

NOTES
       Use of these interfaces should be restricted to only applications writ‐
       ten on BSD platforms. Use of these interfaces with any  of  the	system
       libraries or in multi-thread applications is unsupported.

       Very wide fields (>128 characters) fail.

SunOS 5.10			  30 Oct 2007			  printf(3UCB)
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