ftio(1)ftio(1)NAMEftio - faster tape I/O
SYNOPSIS
|blksize] type] extarg] comment] filelist] datefile] script] tty]
nobufs] tapedev [pathnames] ignorenames]
|blksize] script] tty] nobufs] tapedev [patterns]
tapedev [patterns]
Remarks
Note: The and commands are deprecated for creating new archives. See
for more information.
DESCRIPTION
is a tool designed specifically for copying files to tape drives. It
performs faster than either or in comparable situations (see cpio(1)
and tar(1)). uses multiple processes (to read/write the file system
and to write/read the tape device), with large amounts of memory shar‐
ing between processes as well as a large block size for reading and
writing to the tape.
is compatible with in that output from is always readable by and output
from is readable by except as explained in the "cpio Compatibility"
section, later in the manpage.
must be invoked with exactly one of the following options: or The and
options specify that is writing "out" from file system to tape; the and
options specify that is writing "in" from tape to file system. The and
options can be followed by modifiers that must appear immediately after
the option with no spaces between the option and the modifier, as in
(see Modifiers section below).
tapedev specifies the name of a device special file for the tape device
to which the output is written. A device on a remote machine can be
specified in the form
creates a server process from on the remote machine to access the tape
device. If does not exist on the remote system, creates a server
process from on the remote machine to access the tape device.
Options
recognizes the following options:
Copy (out) files from the file system to
tapedev, including path name and status informa‐
tion. If pathnames are specified, recursively
descends pathnames looking for files, and copies
those files to tapedev. If pathnames are not
specified, reads the standard input to obtain a
list of path names to copy. can copy to multiple
tapes if required. For every tape used, gener‐
ates a tape header containing the current tape
volume number, machine node name and type, oper‐
ating system name, release and version numbers
(all from the system call; see uname(2)), user‐
name of the person issuing the command, the time
and date the command was executed, the number of
consecutive times the current media has been
used, a comment field, and other items used
internally by The tape header is separated from
the main body of the tape archive by an end-of-
file mark. The tape header can be read by invok‐
ing with the device file name as the first argu‐
ment (see cat(1)). Note, character and block
device special files written with the option are
not transportable to other HP-UX implementations.
Copy out files in the same way as
when no modifiers are used with the However, if
the file exists in the user's home directory,
opens this file and scans for lines preceded by
Options defined on matching lines are passed to
as if they had been specified on the command
line. See section.
Extract (copy into the file system) files from
tapedev, which is assumed to be a tape and the
product of a previous operation. Only files with
names that match patterns, according to the rules
of Pattern Matching Notation (see regexp(5)), are
selected. In addition, a leading within a pat‐
tern indicates that only those names that do not
match the remainder of the pattern should be
selected. Multiple patterns can be specified.
If no patterns are specified, the default for
patterns is (that is, select all files). The
extracted files are conditionally created and
copied into the current directory tree, based
upon the options described below. The permis‐
sions of the files are those of the previous
operation.
Extract (copy into the file system) files in the same way as for
when no modifiers are used with the However, if
the file exists in the user's home directory,
opens this file, and scans for lines preceded by
Options defined on matching lines are passed to
as if they had been specified on the command
line. See section.
Read the file list in
tapedev. If patterns is specified, only file
names that match are printed. Note that file
names are always preceded by the volume that
expected the file to be on when the file list was
created; thus only the last volume is valid in
this respect.
Specifies the handling of any extent attributes of the file[s]
to be archived.
Extent attributes cannot be preserved when ar‐
chiving files with extarg takes one of the fol‐
lowing values:
Issue a warning message and archive the file
without extent attributes.
A file with extent attributes will be
archived, without preserving the
extent attributes and without
issuing a warning message.
A file with extent attributes will not be
archived and a
warning message will be issued.
If is not specified, the default value for extarg
is
Specify the size (in bytes) of blocks written to tape.
This number can end with which specifies multi‐
plication by 1024. The use of larger blocks gen‐
erally improves performance and tape usage. The
maximum allowable block size is limited by the
tape drive used. A default of 16384 bytes is set
because this is the maximum block size on most
Hewlett-Packard tape drives.
Descend a directory recursively, only if the
file system to which it belongs is type, where
type can be or
Arguments following
specify patterns that should not be copied to the
tape. The same rules apply to ignorenames as to
patterns; see the earlier description for
Specify a comment to be placed in the
tape header.
Create a list of the files being backed up.
filelist specifies the output file. If pathnames
is specified, perform the file search and gener‐
ate a list of files prior to actually commencing
the backup. This list is then appended to the
tape header of each tape in the backup as a list
of files that attempted to fit onto this tape.
The last tape in the backup contains a catalog
identifying where the files are in the archive
set. If pathnames is not also specified, the
file list is taken from standard input before the
backup begins. In addition to generating file
lists, the option implements tape checkpointing,
allowing the backup to restart from a write fail‐
ure on bad media.
Make fully compatible with
That is, do not generate or expect tape headers
and change the default block size to 5120 bytes.
(See the cpio Compatibility section below.)
Only files newer than the file specified in
datefile are copied to tape.
Resynchronize automatically, when
goes out of phase. This is useful when restoring
from a multi-tape backup from tapes other than
the first. By default, asks the user if resyn‐
chronization is required.
Specify a command to be invoked every time a tape is completed
in a multi-tape backup. The command is invoked
with the following arguments: script tape_no
user_name. script is the string argument script
specified with the option. tape_no is the number
of the tape required, and user_name is the user
who invoked Typically, the string script speci‐
fies a shell script which is used to notify the
user that a tape change is required.
Specify alternative to
Normally is opened by when terminal interaction
is required.
Specify the number of
blksize chunks of memory to use as buffer space
between the two processes, where blksize is the
size of blocks written to the tape. More chunks
is usually better, but a point is reached where
no improvement is gained, and performance might
deteriorate as buffer space is swapped out of
main memory. A default value of 16 is set for
nobufs, but using 32 or 64 might improve perfor‐
mance if your system is not heavily loaded. Best
results are obtained when backups are performed
with the system in single-user mode (see shut‐
down(1M)).
Modifiers
The following modifiers can be used with certain options as indicated
in the
After files are copied to tape, reset their access time to
appear as though the files were not accessed by
Write header information in
ASCII character form, for portability.
When restoring files, create directories as needed.
Copy in all files except those that match
patterns.
Archive the files to which symbolic links point,
as if they were normal files or directories. By
default, archives the link itself.
Retain previous file modification time and ownership of file.
Restoring modification time does not apply to directo‐
ries that are being restored.
At the end of the backup, print the number of blocks trans‐
ferred,
the total time taken (excluding tape rewind and reel-
change time), and the effective transfer rate calculated
from these figures. These values are printed at the end
of each tape if is specified twice.
Print only a table of contents of the input.
No files are created, read, or copied.
Copy unconditionally (by default,
does not replace a newer file with a older file of the
same name).
Be verbose.
Print a list of file names and tape headers. When used
with the modifier, the table of contents looks the same
as the output of the (ell) command (see ls(1)).
Save or restore device special files.
uses mknod(2) to recreate these files during a restore
operation. Thus, this modifier is restricted to users
with appropriate privileges. This is intended for
intrasystem (backup) use. Restoring device files onto a
different system can be very dangerous.
If copying from tape
or option), print all file names found on the tape ar‐
chive, noting which files have been restored. This is
useful when the user restores selected files, but wants
to know which (if any) files are on the tape.
If copying to tape or option), the modifier suppresses
warning messages regarding optional access control list
entries. ftio(1) does not back up optional access con‐
trol list entries in a file's access control list (see
acl(5)). Normally, a warning message is printed for
each file that has optional access control list entries.
When archiving, store all files having absolute path names
(that is, path names beginning with with path names rel‐
ative to the root directory (in other words, remove the
leading On restoration, any files in the archive that
had an absolute path name before archiving are restored
relative to the current directory.
Same as the
option, except that the file list is left in the current
directory as the file instead of the file named in
filelist.
On restoration, use
to allocate disk space beforehand for the file (see pre‐
alloc(2)). This vastly improves the localization of
file fragments.
When end-of-tape is reached, invokes script if the option was speci‐
fied, rewinds the current tape, then asks the user to mount the next
tape.
To pass one or more metacharacters to without having the shell expand
them, protect them either by preceding each of them with a backslash
(as in or enclosing them in protective single quotes (as in
cpio Compatibility
uses the same archive format as However, by default creates tape head‐
ers and uses a tape block size of 16KB. by default uses 512-byte
blocks. When used with the option, uses 5120 byte blocks. To achieve
full compatibility with in either input or output mode, the user should
specify the modifier. creates a single- or multi-tape archive that has
no tape headers, and, by default, the same block size as An archive
created by a command can be restored using If the modifier of is com‐
bined with a block-size specification, full compatibility with (no is
achieved.
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Environment Variables
determines the collating sequence used in evaluating pattern matching
notation for file name generation.
determines the characters matched by character class expressions in
pattern matching notation.
determines the format and contents of date and time strings.
determines the language in which messages are displayed.
If or is not specified in the environment or is set to the empty
string, the value of is used as a default for each unspecified or empty
variable. If is not specified or is set to the empty string, a default
of C (see lang(5)) is used instead of If any internationalization vari‐
able contains an invalid setting, behaves as if all internationaliza‐
tion variables are set to C. See environ(5).
International Code Set Support
Single-byte character code sets are supported.
EXAMPLES
Copy the entire contents of the file system (including special files)
onto tape drive
Restore all the files on relative to the current directory:
List the contents of a backup set created using Note that use of the
modifier gives a more detailed listing, and displays the contents of
tape headers.
Show how to use the file:
Assume a file exists in the user's home directory and contains
the following:
Invoke with the following command line to back up the user's
home directory and the operating system commands directory:
Specifying the option causes to check the file for additional
options. In this case, character headers are generated, access
times are reset, a listing of the files copied are printed to
standard output, all file names are copied to with path names
relative to performance data is printed when the backup is com‐
plete (and at every tape change), and, if the backup goes beyond
one media the script, is invoked by after each media is com‐
pleted.
WARNINGS
The and commands are deprecated for creating new archives. In a future
HP-UX release, creation of new archives with these commands will not be
supported. Support will be continued for archive retrieval. Use the
standard command (portable archive interchange) to create archives.
See pax(1).
Because of industry standards and interoperability goals, does not sup‐
port the archival of files larger than 2GB or files that have
user/group IDs greater than 60K. Files with user/group IDs greater
than 60K are archived and restored under the user/group ID of the cur‐
rent process.
operates using System V shared memory and semaphores. The resources
committed to these functions are not freed automatically by the system
when the process terminates. does this only when it terminates nor‐
mally, or when it terminates after receiving one the following signals:
Any other signal is handled in the default manner described by sig‐
nal(2). Note that the behavior for is to terminate the process without
delay. Thus, if receives a signal (as might be produced by the indis‐
criminate use of (see kill(1)), system resources used for shared memory
and semaphores are not returned to the system. If it becomes necessary
to terminate an invocation of use instead. Current system usage of
shared memory and semaphores can be checked using the command (see
ipcs(1)). Committed resources can be removed using (see ipcrm(1)).
AUTHOR
was developed by HP.
SEE ALSOcpio(1), find(1), ipcs(1), ipcrm(1), kill(1), ls(1), pax(1), rmt(1M),
mknod(2), prealloc(2), signal(2), uname(2), acl(5), environ(5),
lang(5), regexp(5), mt(7).
TO BE OBSOLETED ftio(1)
