grep man page on UNIXv7

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GREP(1)								       GREP(1)

NAME
       grep, egrep, fgrep - search a file for a pattern

SYNOPSIS
       grep [ option ] ...  expression [ file ] ...

       egrep [ option ] ...  [ expression ] [ file ] ...

       fgrep [ option ] ...  [ strings ] [ file ]

DESCRIPTION
       Commands	 of  the  grep	family	search the input files (standard input
       default) for lines matching a pattern.  Normally, each  line  found  is
       copied  to  the	standard  output; unless the -h flag is used, the file
       name is shown if there is more than one input file.

       Grep patterns are limited regular expressions in the style of ed(1); it
       uses  a	compact	 nondeterministic  algorithm.  Egrep patterns are full
       regular expressions; it uses a fast deterministic algorithm that	 some‐
       times needs exponential space.  Fgrep patterns are fixed strings; it is
       fast and compact.

       The following options are recognized.

       -v     All lines but those matching are printed.

       -c     Only a count of matching lines is printed.

       -l     The names of files with matching lines are listed	 (once)	 sepa‐
	      rated by newlines.

       -n     Each line is preceded by its line number in the file.

       -b     Each line is preceded by the block number on which it was found.
	      This is sometimes useful in locating disk block numbers by  con‐
	      text.

       -s     No output is produced, only status.

       -h     Do not print filename headers with output lines.

       -y     Lower  case  letters  in	the pattern will also match upper case
	      letters in the input (grep only).

       -e expression
	      Same as a	 simple	 expression  argument,	but  useful  when  the
	      expression begins with a -.

       -f file
	      The  regular  expression (egrep) or string list (fgrep) is taken
	      from the file.

       -x     (Exact) only lines matched in their entirety are printed	(fgrep
	      only).

       Care  should be taken when using the characters $ * [ ^ | ? ´ " ( ) and
       \ in the expression as they are also meaningful to the  Shell.	It  is
       safest to enclose the entire expression argument in single quotes ´ ´.

       Fgrep  searches	for  lines that contain one of the (newline-separated)
       strings.

       Egrep accepts extended regular expressions.  In the following  descrip‐
       tion `character' excludes newline:

	      A \ followed by a single character matches that character.

	      The character ^ ($) matches the beginning (end) of a line.

	      A .  matches any character.

	      A	 single	 character  not otherwise endowed with special meaning
	      matches that character.

	      A string enclosed in brackets [] matches	any  single  character
	      from  the string.	 Ranges of ASCII character codes may be abbre‐
	      viated as in `a-z0-9'.  A ] may occur only as the first  charac‐
	      ter of the string.  A literal - must be placed where it can't be
	      mistaken as a range indicator.

	      A regular expression followed by * (+, ?) matches a sequence  of
	      0 or more (1 or more, 0 or 1) matches of the regular expression.

	      Two  regular expressions concatenated match a match of the first
	      followed by a match of the second.

	      Two regular expressions separated by | or newline match either a
	      match for the first or a match for the second.

	      A regular expression enclosed in parentheses matches a match for
	      the regular expression.

       The order of precedence of operators at the same parenthesis  level  is
       [] then *+? then concatenation then | and newline.

SEE ALSO
       ed(1), sed(1), sh(1)

DIAGNOSTICS
       Exit  status  is	 0  if	any matches are found, 1 if none, 2 for syntax
       errors or inaccessible files.

BUGS
       Ideally there should be only one grep, but we don't know a single algo‐
       rithm that spans a wide enough range of space-time tradeoffs.

       Lines are limited to 256 characters; longer lines are truncated.

								       GREP(1)
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