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GROFF_CHAR(7)							 GROFF_CHAR(7)

NAME
       groff_char - groff glyph names

DESCRIPTION
       This  manual  page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default
       input mapping, latin1.  The glyphs  in  this  document  look  different
       depending  on  which  output  device was chosen (with option -T for the
       man(1) program or the roff formatter).  Glyphs not  available  for  the
       device  that is being used to print or view this manual page are marked
       with `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `utf8'.

       In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for	direct
       input and named entities for further glyphs.  On ASCII platforms, input
       character codes in the range 0 to 127  (decimal)	 represent  the	 usual
       7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
       as the corresponding characters in the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set  by
       default.	  This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be
       changed by loading a different input encoding.  Note that some  of  the
       input  characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for
       special input purposes.	On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047  is
       supported  (which  contains  the	 same  characters as latin1; the input
       encoding file is called cp1047.tmac).  Again, some input characters are
       reserved for internal and special purposes.

       All  roff  systems provide the concept of named glyphs.	In traditional
       roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff  also  pro‐
       vides  support  for  longer  names.  It is strongly suggested that only
       named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of  the
       printable 7-bit ASCII range.

       Some  of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
       also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons  or  are
       printable versions of syntactical characters.  They include `\\', `\´',
       `\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see groff(7).

       In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can  be
       tested positively with the `.if c' conditional.

REFERENCE
       In  this	 section,  the	glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form.
       The meaning of the columns is as follows.

       Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device;  although
	      this  can	 have  quite  a	 different  shape on other devices, it
	      always represents the same glyph.

       Input  specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
	      keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.

       Code   applies  to  glyphs  which can be input with a single character,
	      and gives the ISO latin1 decimal code of that  input  character.
	      Note  that  this	code  is  equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode
	      characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.

       PostScript
	      gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.

       Unicode
	      is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.

   7-bit Character Codes 32–126
       These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit	ASCII  code  values  assigned.
       They  are  identical to the printable characters of the character stan‐
       dards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin).   The	 glyph
       names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'.

       Note  that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not
       printable characters.  Most of them are invalid	input  characters  for
       groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning.  For EBCDIC, the
       printable characters are in the range 66-255.

       48-57  Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).

       65-90  Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).

       97-122 Lower case letters a–z (print as themselves).

       Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
       as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:

       `      the ISO latin1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left sin‐
	      gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained  with
	      `\`'.

       '      the  ISO latin1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin‐
	      gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained  with
	      `\(aq'.

       -      the  ISO	latin1	`Hyphen,  Minus	 Sign'	(code 45)  prints as a
	      hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.

       ~      the ISO latin1 `Tilde' (code 126)	 is  reduced  in  size	to  be
	      usable  as  a  diacritic;	 a  larger  glyph can be obtained with
	      `\(ti'.

       ^      the ISO latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in  size
	      to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
	      `\(ha'.

       Output	Input	Code   PostScript     Unicode	Notes
       ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       !	!	33     exclam	      u0021
       "	"	34     quotedbl	      u0022
       #	#	35     numbersign     u0023
       $	$	36     dollar	      u0024
       %	%	37     percent	      u0025
       &	&	38     ampersand      u0026
       '	'	39     quoteright     u0027
       (	(	40     parenleft      u0028
       )	)	41     parenright     u0029
       *	*	42     asterisk	      u002A
       +	+	43     plus	      u002B
       ,	,	44     comma	      u002C
       -	-	45     hyphen	      u2010
       .	.	46     period	      u002E
       /	/	47     slash	      u002F
       :	:	58     colon	      u003A
       ;	;	59     semicolon      u003B
       <	<	60     less	      u003C
       =	=	61     equal	      u003D
       >	>	62     greater	      u003E
       ?	?	63     question	      u003F
       @	@	64     at	      u0040
       [	[	91     bracketleft    u005B
       \	\	92     backslash      u005C
       ]	]	93     bracketright   u005D
       ^	^	94     circumflex     u005E	circumflex accent
       _	_	95     underscore     u005F
       `	`	96     quoteleft      u0060

       {	{	123    braceleft      u007B
       |	|	124    bar	      u007C
       }	}	125    braceright     u007D
       ~	~	126    tilde	      u007E	tilde accent

   8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255
       They are interpreted as printable characters according  to  the	latin1
       (ISO-8859-1)  code  set,	 being	identical to the Unicode range Latin-1
       Supplement.

       Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not	print‐
       able characters.

       160    the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretchable
	      space character.

       173    the soft hyphen control character.  groff never uses this	 char‐
	      acter  for  output  (thus it is omitted in the table below); the
	      input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.

       The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable  characters  that
       print  as themselves.  Although they can be specified directly with the
       keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use	 their
       glyph names; see next section.

       Output	Input	Code   PostScript	Unicode	     Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ¡	¡	161    exclamdown	u00A1	     inverted exclamation mark
       ¢	¢	162    cent		u00A2
       £	£	163    sterling		u00A3
       ¤	¤	164    currency		u00A4
       ¥	¥	165    yen		u00A5
       ¦	¦	166    brokenbar	u00A6
       §	§	167    section		u00A7
       ¨	¨	168    dieresis		u00A8
       ©	©	169    copyright	u00A9
       ª	ª	170    ordfeminine	u00AA
       «	«	171    guillemotleft	u00AB
       ¬	¬	172    logicalnot	u00AC
       ®	®	174    registered	u00AE
       ¯	¯	175    macron		u00AF
       °	°	176    degree		u00B0
       ±	±	177    plusminus	u00B1
       ²	²	178    twosuperior	u00B2
       ³	³	179    threesuperior	u00B3
       ´	´	180    acute		u00B4	     acute accent
       µ	µ	181    mu		u00B5	     micro sign
       ¶	¶	182    paragraph	u00B6
       ·	·	183    periodcentered	u00B7
       ¸	¸	184    cedilla		u00B8
       ¹	¹	185    onesuperior	u00B9
       º	º	186    ordmasculine	u00BA
       »	»	187    guillemotright	u00BB
       ¼	¼	188    onequarter	u00BC
       ½	½	189    onehalf		u00BD
       ¾	¾	190    threequarters	u00BE
       ¿	¿	191    questiondown	u00BF
       À	À	192    Agrave		u0041_0300
       Á	Á	193    Aacute		u0041_0301
       Â	Â	194    Acircumflex	u0041_0302
       Ã	Ã	195    Atilde		u0041_0303
       Ä	Ä	196    Adieresis	u0041_0308
       Å	Å	197    Aring		u0041_030A
       Æ	Æ	198    AE		u00C6
       Ç	Ç	199    Ccedilla		u0043_0327
       È	È	200    Egrave		u0045_0300

       É	É	201    Eacute		u0045_0301
       Ê	Ê	202    Ecircumflex	u0045_0302
       Ë	Ë	203    Edieresis	u0045_0308
       Ì	Ì	204    Igrave		u0049_0300
       Í	Í	205    Iacute		u0049_0301
       Î	Î	206    Icircumflex	u0049_0302
       Ï	Ï	207    Idieresis	u0049_0308
       Ð	Ð	208    Eth		u00D0
       Ñ	Ñ	209    Ntilde		u004E_0303
       Ò	Ò	210    Ograve		u004F_0300
       Ó	Ó	211    Oacute		u004F_0301
       Ô	Ô	212    Ocircumflex	u004F_0302
       Õ	Õ	213    Otilde		u004F_0303
       Ö	Ö	214    Odieresis	u004F_0308
       ×	×	215    multiply		u00D7
       Ø	Ø	216    Oslash		u00D8
       Ù	Ù	217    Ugrave		u0055_0300
       Ú	Ú	218    Uacute		u0055_0301
       Û	Û	219    Ucircumflex	u0055_0302
       Ü	Ü	220    Udieresis	u0055_0308
       Ý	Ý	221    Yacute		u0059_0301
       Þ	Þ	222    Thorn		u00DE
       ß	ß	223    germandbls	u00DF
       à	à	224    agrave		u0061_0300
       á	á	225    aacute		u0061_0301
       â	â	226    acircumflex	u0061_0302
       ã	ã	227    atilde		u0061_0303
       ä	ä	228    adieresis	u0061_0308
       å	å	229    aring		u0061_030A
       æ	æ	230    ae		u00E6
       ç	ç	231    ccedilla		u0063_0327
       è	è	232    egrave		u0065_0300
       é	é	233    eacute		u0065_0301
       ê	ê	234    ecircumflex	u0065_0302
       ë	ë	235    edieresis	u0065_0308
       ì	ì	236    igrave		u0069_0300
       í	í	237    iacute		u0069_0301
       î	î	238    icircumflex	u0069_0302
       ï	ï	239    idieresis	u0069_0308
       ð	ð	240    eth		u00F0
       ñ	ñ	241    ntilde		u006E_0303
       ò	ò	242    ograve		u006F_0300
       ó	ó	243    oacute		u006F_0301
       ô	ô	244    ocircumflex	u006F_0302
       õ	õ	245    otilde		u006F_0303
       ö	ö	246    odieresis	u006F_0308
       ÷	÷	247    divide		u00F7
       ø	ø	248    oslash		u00F8
       ù	ù	249    ugrave		u0075_0300
       ú	ú	250    uacute		u0075_0301
       û	û	251    ucircumflex	u0075_0302
       ü	ü	252    udieresis	u0075_0308
       ý	ý	253    yacute		u0079_0301
       þ	þ	254    thorn		u00FE
       ÿ	ÿ	255    ydieresis	u0079_0308

   Named Glyphs
       Glyph  names  can  be  embedded	into the document text by using escape
       sequences.  groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look.	 Glyph
       names  can  consist  of	quite  arbitrary  characters from the ASCII or
       latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters.  Here some examples:

       \(ch   A glyph having the 2-character name ch.

       \[char_name]
	      A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3,	 ...).
	      Note  that `c' is not the same as `\[c]' (c a single character):
	      The latter is internally mapped to glyph name `\c'.  By default,
	      groff  defines  a	 single	 glyph name starting with a backslash,
	      namely `\-', which can be either accessed as `\-' or `\[-]'.

       \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...]
	      A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.

       In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by  the  con‐
       struct  `\[charn]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a num‐
       ber between 0 and 255 without leading zeros  (those  entities  are  not
       glyph  names).	They  are  normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
       request.	 Another special convention is the  handling  of  glyphs  with
       names  directly	derived	 from  a Unicode code point; this is discussed
       below.  Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char  request;
       see groff(7).

       In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
       particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the  original	 troff
       documentation, CSTR 54.

       Entries	marked	with  `***'  denote  glyphs  for mathematical purposes
       (mainly used for DVI output).  Normally, such glyphs have metrics which
       make them unusable in normal text.

       Output	Input	PostScript   Unicode   Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       Ð	\[-D]	Eth	     u00D0     uppercase eth
       ð	\[Sd]	eth	     u00F0     lowercase eth
       Þ	\[TP]	Thorn	     u00DE     uppercase thorn
       þ	\[Tp]	thorn	     u00FE     lowercase thorn
       ß	\[ss]	germandbls   u00DF     German sharp s

       Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs

       Output	Input	PostScript   Unicode	       Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ff	\[ff]	ff	     u0066_0066	       ff ligature +
       fi	\[fi]	fi	     u0066_0069	       fi ligature +
       fl	\[fl]	fl	     u0066_006C	       fl ligature +
       ffi	\[Fi]	ffi	     u0066_0066_0069   ffi ligature +
       ffl	\[Fl]	ffl	     u0066_0066_006C   ffl ligature +
       Ł	\[/L]	Lslash	     u0141	       (Polish)
       ł	\[/l]	lslash	     u0142	       (Polish)
       Ø	\[/O]	Oslash	     u00D8	       (Scandinavian)
       ø	\[/o]	oslash	     u00F8	       (Scandinavian)
       Æ	\[AE]	AE	     u00C6
       æ	\[ae]	ae	     u00E6
       Œ	\[OE]	OE	     u0152
       œ	\[oe]	oe	     u0153
       IJ	\[IJ]	IJ	     u0132	       (Dutch)
       ij	\[ij]	ij	     u0133	       (Dutch)
       ı	\[.i]	dotlessi     u0131	       (Turkish)
		\[.j]	dotlessj     u0237	       j without a dot

       Accented Characters

       Output	Input	PostScript    Unicode	   Notes
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       Á	\['A]	Aacute	      u0041_0301
       Ć	\['C]	Cacute	      u0043_0301
       É	\['E]	Eacute	      u0045_0301
       Í	\['I]	Iacute	      u0049_0301
       Ó	\['O]	Oacute	      u004F_0301
       Ú	\['U]	Uacute	      u0055_0301
       Ý	\['Y]	Yacute	      u0059_0301
       á	\['a]	aacute	      u0061_0301

       ć	\['c]	cacute	      u0063_0301
       é	\['e]	eacute	      u0065_0301
       í	\['i]	iacute	      u0069_0301
       ó	\['o]	oacute	      u006F_0301
       ú	\['u]	uacute	      u0075_0301
       ý	\['y]	yacute	      u0079_0301
       Ä	\[:A]	Adieresis     u0041_0308   A with umlaut
       Ë	\[:E]	Edieresis     u0045_0308
       Ï	\[:I]	Idieresis     u0049_0308
       Ö	\[:O]	Odieresis     u004F_0308
       Ü	\[:U]	Udieresis     u0055_0308
       Ÿ	\[:Y]	Ydieresis     u0059_0308
       ä	\[:a]	adieresis     u0061_0308
       ë	\[:e]	edieresis     u0065_0308
       ï	\[:i]	idieresis     u0069_0308
       ö	\[:o]	odieresis     u006F_0308
       ü	\[:u]	udieresis     u0075_0308
       ÿ	\[:y]	ydieresis     u0079_0308
       Â	\[^A]	Acircumflex   u0041_0302
       Ê	\[^E]	Ecircumflex   u0045_0302
       Î	\[^I]	Icircumflex   u0049_0302
       Ô	\[^O]	Ocircumflex   u004F_0302
       Û	\[^U]	Ucircumflex   u0055_0302
       â	\[^a]	acircumflex   u0061_0302
       ê	\[^e]	ecircumflex   u0065_0302
       î	\[^i]	icircumflex   u0069_0302
       ô	\[^o]	ocircumflex   u006F_0302
       û	\[^u]	ucircumflex   u0075_0302
       À	\[`A]	Agrave	      u0041_0300
       È	\[`E]	Egrave	      u0045_0300
       Ì	\[`I]	Igrave	      u0049_0300
       Ò	\[`O]	Ograve	      u004F_0300
       Ù	\[`U]	Ugrave	      u0055_0300
       à	\[`a]	agrave	      u0061_0300
       è	\[`e]	egrave	      u0065_0300
       ì	\[`i]	igrave	      u0069_0300
       ò	\[`o]	ograve	      u006F_0300
       ù	\[`u]	ugrave	      u0075_0300
       Ã	\[~A]	Atilde	      u0041_0303
       Ñ	\[~N]	Ntilde	      u004E_0303
       Õ	\[~O]	Otilde	      u004F_0303
       ã	\[~a]	atilde	      u0061_0303
       ñ	\[~n]	ntilde	      u006E_0303
       õ	\[~o]	otilde	      u006F_0303
       Š	\[vS]	Scaron	      u0053_030C
       š	\[vs]	scaron	      u0073_030C
       Ž	\[vZ]	Zcaron	      u005A_030C
       ž	\[vz]	zcaron	      u007A_030C
       Ç	\[,C]	Ccedilla      u0043_0327
       ç	\[,c]	ccedilla      u0063_0327
       Å	\[oA]	Aring	      u0041_030A
       å	\[oa]	aring	      u0061_030A

       Accents

       The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
       glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing)
       ones.

       Output	Input	PostScript     Unicode	       Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ˝	\[a"]	hungarumlaut   u030B (u02DD)   (Hungarian)
       ¯	\[a-]	macron	       u0304 (u00AF)
       ˙	\[a.]	dotaccent      u0307 (u02D9)
       ^	\[a^]	circumfle      u0302 (u005E)
       ´	\[aa]	acute	       u0301 (u00B4)   +

       `	\[ga]	grave	       u0300 (u0060)   +
       ˘	\[ab]	breve	       u0306 (u02D8)
       ¸	\[ac]	cedilla	       u0327 (u00B8)
       ¨	\[ad]	dieresis       u0308 (u00A8)   umlaut
       ˇ	\[ah]	caron	       u030C (u02C7)
       ˚	\[ao]	ring	       u030A (u02DA)   circle
       ~	\[a~]	tilde	       u0303 (u007E)
       ˛	\[ho]	ogonek	       u0328 (u02DB)   hook
       ^	\[ha]	asciicircum    u005E	       (spacing)
       ~	\[ti]	asciitilde     u007E	       (spacing)

       Quotes

       Output	Input	PostScript	 Unicode   Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       „	\[Bq]	quotedblbase	 u201E	   low double comma quote
       ‚	\[bq]	quotesinglbase	 u201A	   low single comma quote
       “	\[lq]	quotedblleft	 u201C
       ”	\[rq]	quotedblright	 u201D
       ‘	\[oq]	quoteleft	 u2018	   single open quote
       ’	\[cq]	quoteright	 u2019	   single closing quote
       '	\[aq]	quotesingle	 u0027	   apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)
       "	\[dq]	quotedbl	 u0022	   double quote (ASCII 34)
       «	\[Fo]	guillemotleft	 u00AB
       »	\[Fc]	guillemotright	 u00BB
       ‹	\[fo]	guilsinglleft	 u2039
       ›	\[fc]	guilsinglright	 u203A

       Punctuation

       Output	Input	PostScript     Unicode Notes
       ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ¡	\[r!]	exclamdown     u00A1
       ¿	\[r?]	questiondown   u00BF
       —	\[em]	emdash	       u2014	       +
       –	\[en]	endash	       u2013
       ‐	\[hy]	hyphen	       u2010	       +

       Brackets

       The  extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs.  In classical
       troff only one glyph  was  available  to	 vertically  extend  brackets,
       braces, and parentheses: `bv'.  We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.

       Note  that  not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
       be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of	 the  escape's	piling
       algorithm.   A  general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the
       following macro:

	      .\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
	      .\" above the baseline.
	      .\" The first argument is placed at the top.
	      .\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
	      .eo
	      .de pile-make
	      .	 nr pile-wd 0
	      .	 nr pile-ht 0
	      .	 ds pile-args
	      .
	      .	 nr pile-# \n[.$]
	      .	 while \n[pile-#] \{\
	      .	   nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
	      .	   nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
	      .	   as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
	      .	   as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
	      .	   as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
	      .	   nr pile-# -1
	      .	 \}
	      .
	      .	 ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
	      .	 as pile \*[pile-args]\"
	      .	 as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
	      .	 as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
	      ..
	      .ec

       Another complication is the  fact  that	some  glyphs  which  represent
       bracket	pieces	in  original  troff can be used for other mathematical
       symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' oper‐
       ator.   Other  devices  (most  notably for DVI output) don't unify such
       glyphs.	For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf',  `lc',  and  `rc'
       are  not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces.	In groff, only
       glyphs with long names are guaranteed to	 pile  up  correctly  for  all
       devices (provided those glyphs exist).

       Output Input	       PostScript     Unicode Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       [      \[lB]	       bracketleft    u005B
       ]      \[rB]	       bracketright   u005D
       {      \[lC]	       braceleft      u007B
       }      \[rC]	       braceright     u007D
       ⟨      \[la]	       angleleft      u27E8   left angle bracket
       ⟩      \[ra]	       angleright     u27E9   right angle bracket

       ⎪      \[bv]	       braceex	      u23AA   vertical extension *** +
       ⎪      \[braceex]       braceex	      u23AA

       ⎡      \[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp  u23A1
       ⎣      \[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt  u23A3
       ⎢      \[bracketleftex] bracketleftex  u23A2
       ⎤      \[bracketrighttp]bracketrighttp u23A4
       ⎦      \[bracketrightbt]bracketrightbt u23A6
       ⎥      \[bracketrightex]bracketrightex u23A5

       ╭      \[lt]	       bracelefttp    u23A7   +
       ⎧      \[bracelefttp]   bracelefttp    u23A7
       ┥      \[lk]	       braceleftmid   u23A8   +
       ⎨      \[braceleftmid]  braceleftmid   u23A8
       ╰      \[lb]	       braceleftbt    u23A9   +
       ⎩      \[braceleftbt]   braceleftbt    u23A9
       ⎪      \[braceleftex]   braceleftex    u23AA
       ╮      \[rt]	       bracerighttp   u23AB   +
       ⎫      \[bracerighttp]  bracerighttp   u23AB
       ┝      \[rk]	       bracerightmid  u23AC   +
       ⎬      \[bracerightmid] bracerightmid  u23AC
       ╯      \[rb]	       bracerightbt   u23AD   +
       ⎭      \[bracerightbt]  bracerightbt   u23AD
       ⎪      \[bracerightex]  bracerightex   u23AA
       ⎛      \[parenlefttp]   parenlefttp    u239B
       ⎝      \[parenleftbt]   parenleftbt    u239D
       ⎜      \[parenleftex]   parenleftex    u239C
       ⎞      \[parenrighttp]  parenrighttp   u239E
       ⎠      \[parenrightbt]  parenrightbt   u23A0
       ⎟      \[parenrightex]  parenrightex   u239F

       Arrows

       Output Input PostScript	   Unicode Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ←      \[<-] arrowleft	   u2190   +
       →      \[->] arrowright	   u2192   +
       ↔      \[<>] arrowboth	   u2194   (horizontal)
       ↓      \[da] arrowdown	   u2193   +

       ↑      \[ua] arrowup	   u2191   +
       ↕      \[va] arrowupdn	   u2195
       ⇐      \[lA] arrowdblleft   u21D0
       ⇒      \[rA] arrowdblright  u21D2
       ⇔      \[hA] arrowdblboth   u21D4   (horizontal)
       ⇓      \[dA] arrowdbldown   u21D3
       ⇑      \[uA] arrowdblup	   u21D1
       ⇕      \[vA] uni21D5	   u21D5   vertical double-headed double arrow
       ⎯      \[an] arrowhorizex   u23AF   horizontal arrow extension

       Lines

       The  font-invariant  glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can
       be used to build boxes.	Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-
       derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.

       `rn'  also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
       square root sign.

       `ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.

       Output	    Input	PostScript	 Unicode       Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       |	    \[ba]	bar		 u007C
       │	    \[br]	SF110000	 u2502	       box rule +
       _	    \[ul]	underscore	 u005F	       +
       ‾	    \[rn]	overline	 u203E	       +
       _	    \[ru]	---		 ---	       baseline rule +
       ¦	    \[bb]	brokenbar	 u00A6
       /	    \[sl]	slash		 u002F	       +
       \	    \[rs]	backslash	 u005C	       reverse solidus

       Use `\[radicalex]', not `\[overline]', for continuation of square root.

       Text markers

       Output	 Input	   PostScript	     Unicode	 Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ○	 \[ci]	   circle	     u25CB	 +
       ·	 \[bu]	   bullet	     u2022	 +
       ‡	 \[dd]	   daggerdbl	     u2021	 double dagger sign +
       †	 \[dg]	   dagger	     u2020	 +
       ◊	 \[lz]	   lozenge	     u25CA
       □	 \[sq]	   uni25A1	     u25A1	 white square +
       ¶	 \[ps]	   paragraph	     u00B6
       §	 \[sc]	   section	     u00A7	 +
       ☜	 \[lh]	   uni261C	     u261C	 hand pointing left +
       ☞	 \[rh]	   a14		     u261E	 hand pointing right +
       @	 \[at]	   at		     u0040
       #	 \[sh]	   numbersign	     u0023
       ↵	 \[CR]	   carriagereturn    u21B5
       ✓	 \[OK]	   a19		     u2713	 check mark, tick

       Legal Symbols

       Output	  Input	     PostScript	    Unicode	 Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ©	  \[co]	     copyright	    u00A9	 +
       ®	  \[rg]	     registered	    u00AE	 +
       ™	  \[tm]	     trademark	    u2122
		  \[bs]	     ---	    ---		 AT&T Bell Labs logo +

       The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff.

       Currency symbols

       Output	Input  PostScript   Unicode   Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       $	\[Do]  dollar	    u0024
       ¢	\[ct]  cent	    u00A2     +
       €	\[eu]  ---	    u20AC     official Euro symbol
       €	\[Eu]  Euro	    u20AC     font-specific Euro glyph variant
       ¥	\[Ye]  yen	    u00A5
       £	\[Po]  sterling	    u00A3     British currency sign
       ¤	\[Cs]  currency	    u00A4     Scandinavian currency sign
       ƒ	\[Fn]  florin	    u0192     Dutch currency sign

       Units

       Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	  Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       °	\[de]	degree		u00B0	  +
       ‰	\[%0]	perthousand	u2030	  per thousand, per mille sign
       ′	\[fm]	minute		u2032	  footmark, prime +
       ″	\[sd]	second		u2033
       µ	\[mc]	mu		u00B5	  micro sign
       ª	\[Of]	ordfeminine	u00AA
       º	\[Om]	ordmasculine	u00BA

       Logical Symbols

       Output Input  PostScript	  Unicode Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ∧      \[AN]  logicaland	  u2227
       ∨      \[OR]  logicalor	  u2228
       ¬      \[no]  logicalnot	  u00AC	  +
       ¬      \[tno] logicalnot	  u00AC	  text variant of `no'
       ∃      \[te]  existential  u2203	  there exists
       ∀      \[fa]  universal	  u2200	  for all
       ∋      \[st]  suchthat	  u220B
       ∴      \[3d]  therefore	  u2234
       ∴      \[tf]  therefore	  u2234
       |      \[or]  bar	  u007C	  bitwise OR operator (as used in C) +

       Mathematical Symbols

       Output Input	   PostScript	  Unicode    Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ½      \[12]	   onehalf	  u00BD	     +
       ¼      \[14]	   onequarter	  u00BC	     +
       ¾      \[34]	   threequarters  u00BE	     +
       ⅛      \[18]	   oneeighth	  u215B
       ⅜      \[38]	   threeeighths	  u215C
       ⅝      \[58]	   fiveeighths	  u215D
       ⅞      \[78]	   seveneighths	  u215E
       ¹      \[S1]	   onesuperior	  u00B9
       ²      \[S2]	   twosuperior	  u00B2
       ³      \[S3]	   threesuperior  u00B3

       +      \[pl]	   plus		  u002B	     plus in special font +
       −      \[mi]	   minus	  u2212	     minus in special font +
       ∓      \[-+]	   uni2213	  u2213
       ±      \[+-]	   plusminus	  u00B1	     +
       ±      \[t+-]	   plusminus	  u00B1	     text variant of `+-'
       ·      \[pc]	   periodcentered u00B7
       ⋅      \[md]	   dotmath	  u22C5	     multiplication dot
       ×      \[mu]	   multiply	  u00D7	     +
       ×      \[tmu]	   multiply	  u00D7	     text variant of `mu'
       ⊗      \[c*]	   circlemultiply u2297	     multiply sign in a circle
       ⊕      \[c+]	   circleplus	  u2295	     plus in a circle
       ÷      \[di]	   divide	  u00F7	     division +
       ÷      \[tdi]	   divide	  u00F7	     text variant of `di'
       ⁄      \[f/]	   fraction	  u2044	     bar for fractions

       ∗      \[**]	   asteriskmath	  u2217	     +

       ≤      \[<=]	   lessequal	  u2264	     +
       ≥      \[>=]	   greaterequal	  u2265	     +
       ≪      \[<<]	   uni226A	  u226A	     much less
       ≫      \[>>]	   uni226B	  u226B	     much greater
       =      \[eq]	   equal	  u003D	     equals in special font +
       ≠      \[!=]	   notequal	  u003D_0338 +
       ≡      \[==]	   equivalence	  u2261	     +
       ≢      \[ne]	   uni2262	  u2261_0338
       ≅      \[=~]	   congruent	  u2245	     approx. equal
       ≃      \[|=]	   uni2243	  u2243	     asymptot. equal to +
       ∼      \[ap]	   similar	  u223C	     +
       ≈      \[~~]	   approxequal	  u2248	     almost equal to
       ≈      \[~=]	   approxequal	  u2248
       ∝      \[pt]	   proportional	  u221D	     +

       ∅      \[es]	   emptyset	  u2205	     +
       ∈      \[mo]	   element	  u2208	     +
       ∉      \[nm]	   notelement	  u2208_0338
       ⊂      \[sb]	   propersubset	  u2282	     +
       ⊄      \[nb]	   notsubset	  u2282_0338
       ⊃      \[sp]	   propersuperset u2283	     +
       ⊅      \[nc]	   uni2285	  u2283_0338 not superset
       ⊆      \[ib]	   reflexsubset	  u2286	     +
       ⊇      \[ip]	   reflexsuperset u2287	     +
       ∩      \[ca]	   intersection	  u2229	     intersection, cap +
       ∪      \[cu]	   union	  u222A	     union, cup +

       ∠      \[/_]	   angle	  u2220
       ⊥      \[pp]	   perpendicular  u22A5
       ∫      \[is]	   integral	  u222B	     +
       ∫      \[integral]  integral	  u222B	     ***
       ∑      \[sum]	   summation	  u2211	     ***
       ∏      \[product]   product	  u220F	     ***
       ∐      \[coproduct] uni2210	  u2210	     ***
       ∇      \[gr]	   gradient	  u2207	     +
       √      \[sr]	   radical	  u221A	     square root +
       √      \[sqrt]	   radical	  u221A	     ***
	      \[radicalex] radicalex	  ---	     square root continuation
	      \[sqrtex]	   radicalex	  ---	     ***

       ⌈      \[lc]	   uni2308	  u2308	     left ceiling +
       ⌉      \[rc]	   uni2309	  u2309	     right ceiling +
       ⌊      \[lf]	   uni230A	  u230A	     left floor +
       ⌋      \[rf]	   uni230B	  u230B	     right floor +

       ∞      \[if]	   infinity	  u221E	     +
       ℵ      \[Ah]	   aleph	  u2135
       ℑ      \[Im]	   Ifraktur	  u2111	     Gothic I, imaginary
       ℜ      \[Re]	   Rfraktur	  u211C	     Gothic R, real
       ℘      \[wp]	   weierstrass	  u2118	     Weierstrass p
       ∂      \[pd]	   partialdiff	  u2202	     partial differentiation +
       ℏ      \[-h]	   uni210F	  u210F	     Planck constant / 2pi
       ℏ      \[hbar]	   uni210F	  u210F

       Greek glyphs

       These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real  Greek;  nor‐
       mally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones
       are slanted.  There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Uni‐
       code.   Prior  to  Unicode  version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6,
       GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was  not  clearly
       described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
       reference.  Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs  have  been
       exchanged  and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5
       is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph.  Unfortunately, most
       font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in
       Unicode.	 At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is  not	 clear
       yet  whether  the  Adobe	 Glyph	Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its
       meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely
       to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a
       PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.

       In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and
       `\[+f]' the curly variant.

       Output	Input	PostScript    Unicode	Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       Α	\[*A]	Alpha	      u0391	+
       Β	\[*B]	Beta	      u0392	+
       Γ	\[*G]	Gamma	      u0393	+
       Δ	\[*D]	Delta	      u0394	+
       Ε	\[*E]	Epsilon	      u0395	+
       Ζ	\[*Z]	Zeta	      u0396	+
       Η	\[*Y]	Eta	      u0397	+
       Θ	\[*H]	Theta	      u0398	+
       Ι	\[*I]	Iota	      u0399	+
       Κ	\[*K]	Kappa	      u039A	+
       Λ	\[*L]	Lambda	      u039B	+
       Μ	\[*M]	Mu	      u039C	+
       Ν	\[*N]	Nu	      u039D	+
       Ξ	\[*C]	Xi	      u039E	+
       Ο	\[*O]	Omicron	      u039F	+
       Π	\[*P]	Pi	      u03A0	+
       Ρ	\[*R]	Rho	      u03A1	+
       Σ	\[*S]	Sigma	      u03A3	+
       Τ	\[*T]	Tau	      u03A4	+
       Υ	\[*U]	Upsilon	      u03A5	+
       Φ	\[*F]	Phi	      u03A6	+
       Χ	\[*X]	Chi	      u03A7	+
       Ψ	\[*Q]	Psi	      u03A8	+
       Ω	\[*W]	Omega	      u03A9	+
       α	\[*a]	alpha	      u03B1	+
       β	\[*b]	beta	      u03B2	+
       γ	\[*g]	gamma	      u03B3	+
       δ	\[*d]	delta	      u03B4	+
       ε	\[*e]	epsilon	      u03B5	+
       ζ	\[*z]	zeta	      u03B6	+
       η	\[*y]	eta	      u03B7	+
       θ	\[*h]	theta	      u03B8	+
       ι	\[*i]	iota	      u03B9	+
       κ	\[*k]	kappa	      u03BA	+
       λ	\[*l]	lambda	      u03BB	+
       μ	\[*m]	mu	      u03BC	+
       ν	\[*n]	nu	      u03BD	+
       ξ	\[*c]	xi	      u03BE	+
       ο	\[*o]	omicron	      u03BF	+
       π	\[*p]	pi	      u03C0	+
       ρ	\[*r]	rho	      u03C1	+
       ς	\[ts]	sigma1	      u03C2	terminal sigma +
       σ	\[*s]	sigma	      u03C3	+
       τ	\[*t]	tau	      u03C4	+
       υ	\[*u]	upsilon	      u03C5	+
       ϕ	\[*f]	phi	      u03D5	(stroked glyph) +
       χ	\[*x]	chi	      u03C7	+
       ψ	\[*q]	psi	      u03C8	+
       ω	\[*w]	omega	      u03C9	+
       ϑ	\[+h]	theta1	      u03D1	variant theta
       φ	\[+f]	phi1	      u03C6	variant phi (curly shape)
       ϖ	\[+p]	omega1	      u03D6	variant pi, looking like omega
       ϵ	\[+e]	uni03F5	      u03F5	variant epsilon

       Card symbols

       Output	  Input		PostScript     Unicode	    Notes
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       ♣	  \[CL]		club	       u2663	    black club suit
       ♠	  \[SP]		spade	       u2660	    black spade suit
       ♥	  \[HE]		heart	       u2665	    black heart suit
       ♡	  \[u2661]	uni2661	       u2661	    white heart suit
       ♦	  \[DI]		diamond	       u2666	    black diamond suit
       ♢	  \[u2662]	uni2662	       u2662	    white diamond suit

AUTHOR
       Copyright © 1989-2004, 2006-2009, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Docu‐
       mentation License) version 1.3 or later.	 You should  have  received  a
       copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GNU
       copyleft site ⟨http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html⟩.

       This document is part of groff, the  GNU	 roff  distribution.   It  was
       written	by  James  Clark  ⟨jjc@jclark.com⟩  with  additions  by Werner
       Lemberg ⟨wl@gnu.org⟩ and Bernd Warken ⟨groff-bernd.warken-72@web.de⟩.

SEE ALSO
       groff(1)
	      the GNU roff formatter

       groff(7)
	      a short reference of the groff formatting language

       An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G.	 Keizer,  K.J.
       Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989

       The Unicode Standard ⟨http://www.unicode.org⟩

1.22.2				7 February 2013			 GROFF_CHAR(7)
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