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GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

NAME
       grops - PostScript driver for groff

SYNOPSIS
       grops  [	 -glmv	]  [  -bn  ]  [ -cn ] [ -wn ] [ -Fdir ] [
       files...	 ]

DESCRIPTION
       grops translates the output of GNU  troff  to  PostScript.
       Normally	 grops	should be invoked by using the groff com-
       mand with a -Tps option.	 (Actually, this is  the  default
       for  groff.)   If  no files are given, grops will read the
       standard input.	A filename of - will also cause grops  to
       read  the standard input.  PostScript output is written to
       the standard output.  When grops is run by  groff  options
       can be passed to grops using the groff -P option.

OPTIONS
       -bn    Workaround  broken  spoolers  and previewers.  Nor-
	      mally grops produces output that conforms the Docu-
	      ment Structuring Conventions version 3.0.	 Unfortu-
	      nately some spoolers and	previewers  can't  handle
	      such  output.   The  value of n controls what grops
	      does to its output acceptable to such programs.	A
	      value  of	 0  will  cause	 grops	not to employ any
	      workarounds.  Add 1 if no %%BeginDocumentSetup  and
	      %%EndDocumentSetup  comments  should  be generated;
	      this is needed for  early	 versions  of  TranScript
	      that get confused by anything between the %%EndPro-
	      log comment and the first %%Page comment.	 Add 2 if
	      lines  in	 included files beginning with %!  should
	      be stripped out; this is needed for Sun's	 pageview
	      previewer.   Add	4 if %%Page, %%Trailer and %%End-
	      Prolog comments should be stripped out of	 included
	      files;  this  is	needed	for  spoolers  that don't
	      understand the  %%BeginDocument  and  %%EndDocument
	      comments.	   Add	 8  if	the  first  line  of  the
	      PostScript output should be  %!PS-Adobe-2.0  rather
	      than  %!PS-Adobe-3.0;  this  is  needed  when using
	      Sun's Newsprint with a printer that  requires  page
	      reversal.	 The default value can be specified by a

		     broken n

	      command  in  the	DESC file.  Otherwise the default
	      value is 0.

       -cn    Print n copies of each page.

       -g     Guess the page length.  This  generates  PostScript
	      code  that guesses the page length.  The guess will
	      be correct only if the imageable area is vertically
	      centered	on  the	 page.	This option allows you to
	      generate documents that  can  be	printed	 both  on

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			1

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

	      letter  (8.5x11)	paper  and  on	A4  paper without
	      change.

       -l     Print the document in landscape format.

       -m     Turn manual feed on for the document.

       -Fdir  Search  the  directory  dir/devname  for	font  and
	      device  description  files; name is the name of the
	      device, usually ps.

       -wn    Lines should be drawn using a thickness of n  thou-
	      sandths of an em.

       -v     Print the version number.

USAGE
       There  are  styles  called R, I, B, and BI mounted at font
       positions 1 to 4.  The fonts are grouped into families  A,
       BM,  C,	H, HN, N, P and T having members in each of these
       styles:

       AR     AvantGarde-Book

       AI     AvantGarde-BookOblique

       AB     AvantGarde-Demi

       ABI    AvantGarde-DemiOblique

       BMR    Bookman-Light

       BMI    Bookman-LightItalic

       BMB    Bookman-Demi

       BMBI   Bookman-DemiItalic

       CR     Courier

       CI     Courier-Oblique

       CB     Courier-Bold

       CBI    Courier-BoldOblique

       HR     Helvetica

       HI     Helvetica-Oblique

       HB     Helvetica-Bold

       HBI    Helvetica-BoldOblique

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			2

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

       HNR    Helvetica-Narrow

       HNI    Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique

       HNB    Helvetica-Narrow-Bold

       HNBI   Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique

       NR     NewCenturySchlbk-Roman

       NI     NewCenturySchlbk-Italic

       NB     NewCenturySchlbk-Bold

       NBI    NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic

       PR     Palatino-Roman

       PI     Palatino-Italic

       PB     Palatino-Bold

       PBI    Palatino-BoldItalic

       TR     Times-Roman

       TI     Times-Italic

       TB     Times-Bold

       TBI    Times-BoldItalic

       There is also the following font which is not a member  of
       a family:

       ZCMI   ZapfChancery-MediumItalic

       There  are  also some special fonts called SS and S.  Zapf
       Dingbats is available as ZD  and	 a  reversed  version  of
       ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite direc-
       tion) is available as ZDR; most characters in these  fonts
       are unnamed and must be accessed using \N.

       grops understands various X commands produced using the \X
       escape sequence; grops will only interpret  commands  that
       begin with a ps: tag.

       \X'ps: exec code'
	      This  executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in
	      code.  The PostScript currentpoint will be  set  to
	      the  position  of	 the  \X command before executing
	      code.  The origin will be at the top left corner of
	      the  page, and y coordinates will increase down the
	      page.  A procedure u will be defined that	 converts

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			3

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

	      groff  units  to	the  coordinate system in effect.
	      For example,

		     .nr x 1i
		     \X'ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto stroke'

	      will draw a horizontal line one  inch  long.   code
	      may  make	 changes  to  the graphics state, but any
	      changes will persist only to the end of  the  page.
	      A	 dictionary  containing the definitions specified
	      by the def and mdef will be on top of  the  dictio-
	      nary  stack.  If your code adds definitions to this
	      dictionary, you  should  allocate	 space	for  them
	      using  \X'ps mdef n'.  Any definitions will persist
	      only until the end of the page.  If you use the  \Y
	      escape  sequence	with  an  argument  that  names a
	      macro, code can extend over  multiple  lines.   For
	      example,

		     .nr x 1i
		     .de y
		     ps: exec
		     \nx u 0 rlineto
		     stroke
		     ..
		     \Yy

	      is  another  way to draw a horizontal line one inch
	      long.

       \X'ps: file name'
	      This is the same as the exec  command  except  that
	      the PostScript code is read from file name.

       \X'ps: def code'
	      Place  a PostScript definition contained in code in
	      the prologue.  There should be at most one  defini-
	      tion per \X command.  Long definitions can be split
	      over several \X commands; all  the  code	arguments
	      are  simply  joined together separated by newlines.
	      The definitions are placed in a dictionary which is
	      automatically  pushed  on the dictionary stack when
	      an exec command is executed.  If	you  use  the  \Y
	      escape  sequence	with  an  argument  that  names a
	      macro, code can extend over multiple lines.

       \X'ps: mdef n code'
	      Like def, except that code may contain up to n def-
	      initions.	 grops needs to know how many definitions
	      code contains so that it can  create  an	appropri-
	      ately  sized PostScript dictionary to contain them.

       \X'ps: import file llx lly urx ury width [ height ]'
	      Import  a	 PostScript  graphic  from   file.    The

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			4

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

	      arguments	 llx, lly, urx, and ury give the bounding
	      box of the graphic in the default PostScript  coor-
	      dinate system; they should all be integers; llx and
	      lly are the x and y coordinates of the  lower  left
	      corner  of the graphic; urx and ury are the x and y
	      coordinates  of  the  upper  right  corner  of  the
	      graphic;	width  and  height are integers that give
	      the desired width and height in groff units of  the
	      graphic.	The graphic will be scaled so that it has
	      this width and height and translated  so	that  the
	      lower  left corner of the graphic is located at the
	      position associated with \X command.  If the height
	      argument	is omitted it will be scaled uniformly in
	      the x and y directions so that it has the specified
	      width.   Note  that  the contents of the \X command
	      are not interpreted by troff; so vertical space for
	      the  graphic  is	not  automatically added, and the
	      width and height arguments are not allowed to  have
	      attached	scaling	 indicators.   If  the PostScript
	      file complies with the Adobe  Document  Structuring
	      Conventions  and	contains a %%BoundingBox comment,
	      then  the	 bounding  box	 can   be   automatically
	      extracted from within groff by using the sy request
	      to run the psbb command.

	      The -mps macros  (which  are  automatically  loaded
	      when  grops  is run by the groff command) include a
	      PSPIC macro which allows a  picture  to  be  easily
	      imported.	 This has the format

		     .PSPIC  [	-L  | -R | -I n ]  file [ width [
		     height ]]

	      file is the name of the file containing the  illus-
	      tration;	width  and  height give the desired width
	      and height of the graphic.  The  width  and  height
	      arguments may have scaling indicators attached; the
	      default scaling indicator is i.	This  macro  will
	      scale  the  graphic uniformly in the x and y direc-
	      tions so that it is no more  than	 width	wide  and
	      height high.  By default, the graphic will be hori-
	      zontally centered.  The -L and -R cause the graphic
	      to  be left-aligned and right-aligned respectively.
	      The -I option causes the graphic to be indented  by
	      n.

       \X'ps: invis'
       \X'ps: endinvis'
	      No  output  will	be generated for text and drawing
	      commands that are bracketed with these \X commands.
	      These  commands  are  intended  for use when output
	      from troff will be previewed before being processed
	      with  grops;  if the previewer is unable to display
	      certain characters or other constructs, then  other

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			5

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

	      substitute characters or constructs can be used for
	      previewing by bracketing them with  these	 \X  com-
	      mands.

	      For  example,  gxditview	is  not able to display a
	      proper \(em  character  because  the  standard  X11
	      fonts  do not provide it; this problem can be over-
	      come by executing the following request

		     .char \(em \X'ps: invis'\
		     \Z'\v'-.25m'\h'.05m'\D'l .9m 0'\h'.05m''\
		     \X'ps: endinvis'\(em

	      In this case, gxditview will be unable  to  display
	      the  \(em character and will draw the line, whereas
	      grops will print the \(em character and ignore  the
	      line.

       The  input  to  grops  must  be	in  the	 format output by
       troff(1).  This is described in groff_out(1).  In addition
       the  device and font description files for the device used
       must meet  certain  requirements.   The	device	and  font
       description  files  supplied  for ps device meet all these
       requirements.  afmtodit(1) can  be  used	 to  create  font
       files  from  AFM files.	The resolution must be an integer
       multiple of 72 times the sizescale.  The ps device uses	a
       resolution  of  72000 and a sizescale of 1000.  The device
       description file should contain a command

	      paperlength n

       which says that output should be generated which is  suit-
       able  for  printing  on	a  page whose length is n machine
       units.  Each font description file must contain a command

	      internalname psname

       which says that the PostScript name of the font is psname.
       It may also contain a command

	      encoding enc_file

       which  says  that  the PostScript font should be reencoded
       using the encoding described in enc_file; this file should
       consist of a sequence of lines of the form:

	      pschar code

       where  pschar is the PostScript name of the character, and
       code is its position in the encoding expressed as a  deci-
       mal  integer.   The  code  for each character given in the
       font file must correspond to the code for the character in
       encoding	 file, or to the code in the default encoding for
       the font if the PostScript font is not  to  be  reencoded.

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			6

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

       This code can be used with the \N escape sequence in troff
       to select the character, even if the  character	does  not
       have  a groff name.  Every character in the font file must
       exist in the PostScript font, and the widths given in  the
       font  file  must	 match	the widths used in the PostScript
       font.  grops will assume that a	character  with	 a  groff
       name  of	 space	is blank (makes no marks on the page); it
       can make use of such a character to  generate  more  effi-
       cient and compact PostScript output.

       grops  can  automatically  include  the downloadable fonts
       necessary to print the document.	 Any  downloadable  fonts
       which  should, when required, be included by grops must be
       listed in the  file  /usr/share/groff_font/devps/download;
       this should consist of lines of the form

	      font  filename

       where  font  is the PostScript name of the font, and file-
       name is the name of the file containing	the  font;  lines
       beginning  with	# and blank lines are ignored; fields may
       be separated by tabs or spaces; filename will be	 searched
       for  using  the same mechanism that is used for groff font
       metric files.  The  download  file  itself  will	 also  be
       searched for using this mechanism.

       If  the	file  containing  a downloadable font or imported
       document conforms to the Adobe Document	Structuring  Con-
       ventions,  then	grops  will interpret any comments in the
       files sufficiently to ensure that its own output	 is  con-
       forming.	  It  will  also supply any needed font resources
       that are listed in the download file as well as any needed
       file  resources.	 It is also able to handle inter-resource
       dependencies.  For example, suppose that you have a  down-
       loadable	 font  called  Garamond,  and also a downloadable
       font called Garamond-Outline  which  depends  on	 Garamond
       (typically  it  would  be  defined to copy Garamond's font
       dictionary, and change the PaintType), then it  is  neces-
       sary  for Garamond to be appear before Garamond-Outline in
       the PostScript document.	 grops will handle this automati-
       cally  provided	that the downloadable font file for Gara-
       mond-Outline indicates its dependence on Garamond by means
       of  the	Document  Structuring Conventions, for example by
       beginning with the following lines

	      %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font
	      %%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond
	      %%EndComments
	      %%IncludeResource: font Garamond

       In this case both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need
       to  be  listed  in the download file.  A downloadable font
       should not  include  its	 own  name  in	a  %%DocumentSup-
       pliedResources comment.

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			7

GROPS(1)						 GROPS(1)

       grops  will  not	 interpret %%DocumentFonts comments.  The
       %%DocumentNeededResources,    %%DocumentSuppliedResources,
       %%IncludeResource,  %%BeginResource and %%EndResource com-
       ments (or possibly the old %%DocumentNeededFonts,  %%Docu-
       mentSuppliedFonts,  %%IncludeFont,  %%BeginFont and %%End-
       Font comments) should be used.

FILES
       /usr/share/groff_font/devps/DESC
	      Device description file.

       /usr/share/groff_font/devps/F
	      Font description file for font F.

       /usr/share/groff_font/devps/download
	      List of downloadable fonts.

       /usr/share/groff_font/devps/text.enc
	      Encoding used for text fonts.

       /usr/share/tmac/tmac.ps
	      Macros for use with grops; automatically loaded  by
	      troffrc

       /usr/share/tmac/tmac.pspic
	      Definition  of PSPIC macro, automatically loaded by
	      tmac.ps.

       /usr/share/tmac/tmac.psold
	      Macros to disable use of characters not present  in
	      older  PostScript printers; automatically loaded by
	      tmac.ps.

       /usr/share/tmac/tmac.psnew
	      Macros to undo the effect of tmac.psold.

       /tmp/gropsXXXXXX
	      Temporary file.

SEE ALSO
       afmtodit(1), groff(1),  troff(1),  psbb(1),  groff_out(5),
       groff_font(5), groff_char(7)

Groff Version 1.15	 5 December 1995			8

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