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ICONV(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		      ICONV(3)

NAME
       iconv - perform character set conversion

SYNOPSIS
       #include <iconv.h>

       size_t iconv (iconv_t cd,
		     const char* * inbuf, size_t * inbytesleft,
		     char* * outbuf, size_t * outbytesleft);

DESCRIPTION
       The argument cd must be a conversion descriptor created using the func‐
       tion iconv_open.

       The main case is when inbuf is not NULL and *inbuf  is  not  NULL.   In
       this  case, the iconv function converts the multibyte sequence starting
       at *inbuf to  a	multibyte  sequence  starting  at  *outbuf.   At  most
       *inbytesleft  bytes,  starting  at *inbuf, will be read.	 At most *out‐
       bytesleft bytes, starting at *outbuf, will be written.

       The iconv function converts one multibyte character at a time, and  for
       each   character	  conversion   it  increments  *inbuf  and  decrements
       *inbytesleft by the number of  converted	 input	bytes,	it  increments
       *outbuf	and decrements *outbytesleft by the number of converted output
       bytes, and it updates the conversion state contained in cd.   The  con‐
       version can stop for four reasons:

       1.  An  invalid multibyte sequence is encountered in the input. In this
       case it sets errno to EILSEQ and returns (size_t)(-1). *inbuf  is  left
       pointing to the beginning of the invalid multibyte sequence.

       2.   The	  input	 byte  sequence	 has  been  entirely  converted,  i.e.
       *inbytesleft has gone down to 0. In this case iconv returns the	number
       of non-reversible conversions performed during this call.

       3.  An  incomplete  multibyte sequence is encountered in the input, and
       the input byte sequence terminates after it. In this case it sets errno
       to  EINVAL  and	returns	 (size_t)(-1).	*inbuf is left pointing to the
       beginning of the incomplete multibyte sequence.

       4. The output buffer has no more room for the next converted character.
       In this case it sets errno to E2BIG and returns (size_t)(-1).

       A different case is when inbuf is NULL or *inbuf is NULL, but outbuf is
       not NULL and *outbuf is not NULL. In  this  case,  the  iconv  function
       attempts	 to set cd's conversion state to the initial state and store a
       corresponding shift sequence at *outbuf.	 At most *outbytesleft	bytes,
       starting at *outbuf, will be written.  If the output buffer has no more
       room for this reset sequence,  it  sets	errno  to  E2BIG  and  returns
       (size_t)(-1).  Otherwise	 it  increments	 *outbuf  and decrements *out‐
       bytesleft by the number of bytes written.

       A third case is when inbuf is NULL or *inbuf is	NULL,  and  outbuf  is
       NULL  or	 *outbuf  is  NULL. In this case, the iconv function sets cd's
       conversion state to the initial state.

RETURN VALUE
       The iconv function returns the number of characters converted in a non-
       reversible  way	during	this  call;  reversible	 conversions  are  not
       counted.	 In case of error, it sets errno and returns (size_t)(-1).

ERRORS
       The following errors can occur, among others:

       E2BIG  There is not sufficient room at *outbuf.

       EILSEQ An invalid multibyte sequence has been encountered in the input.

       EINVAL An incomplete multibyte sequence has  been  encountered  in  the
	      input.

CONFORMING TO
       POSIX:2001

SEE ALSO
       iconv_open(3), iconvctl(3) iconv_close(3)

GNU				March 31, 2007			      ICONV(3)
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