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ICONV(1)		       Linux User Manual		      ICONV(1)

NAME
       iconv - convert text from one character encoding to another

SYNOPSIS
       iconv [options] [-f from-encoding] [-t to-encoding] [inputfile]...

DESCRIPTION
       The iconv program reads in text in one encoding and outputs the text in
       another encoding.  If no input files are given, or if it is given as  a
       dash (-), iconv reads from standard input.  If no output file is given,
       iconv writes to standard output.

       If no from-encoding is given, the default is derived from  the  current
       locale's	 character  encoding.  If no to-encoding is given, the default
       is derived from the current locale's character encoding.

OPTIONS
       -f from-encoding, --from-code=from-encoding
	      Use from-encoding for input characters.

       -t to-encoding, --to-code=to-encoding
	      Use to-encoding for output characters.

	      If the string //IGNORE is appended  to  to-encoding,  characters
	      that  cannot  be converted are discarded and an error is printed
	      after conversion.

	      If the string //TRANSLIT is appended to to-encoding,  characters
	      being  converted	are  transliterated  when needed and possible.
	      This means that when a character cannot be  represented  in  the
	      target character set, it can be approximated through one or sev‐
	      eral similar looking characters.	Characters that are outside of
	      the  target  character  set  and	cannot	be  transliterated are
	      replaced with a question mark (?) in the output.

       -l, --list
	      List all known character set encodings.

       -c     Silently discard characters that cannot be converted instead  of
	      terminating when encountering such characters.

       -o outputfile, --output=outputfile
	      Use outputfile for output.

       -s, --silent
	      This option is ignored; it is provided only for compatibility.

       --verbose
	      Print  progress  information  on	standard error when processing
	      multiple files.

       -?, --help
	      Print a usage summary and exit.

       --usage
	      Print a short usage summary and exit.

       -V, --version
	      Print the version number, license, and  disclaimer  of  warranty
	      for iconv.

EXIT STATUS
       Zero on success, non-zero on errors.

ENVIRONMENT
       Internally,  the iconv program uses the iconv(3) function which in turn
       uses gconv modules (dynamically loaded shared libraries) to convert  to
       and  from  a character set.  Before calling iconv(3), the iconv program
       must first allocate a conversion descriptor using  iconv_open(3).   The
       operation  of  the  latter function is influenced by the setting of the
       GCONV_PATH environment variable:

       *  If GCONV_PATH is not set, iconv_open(3) loads the system gconv  mod‐
	  ule  configuration  cache  file  created by iconvconfig(8) and then,
	  based on the configuration, loads the gconv modules needed  to  per‐
	  form the conversion.	If the system gconv module configuration cache
	  file is not available then the  system  gconv	 module	 configuration
	  file is used.

       *  If  GCONV_PATH  is defined (as a colon-separated list of pathnames),
	  the system gconv module configuration cache is not  used.   Instead,
	  iconv_open(3) first tries to load the configuration files by search‐
	  ing the directories in GCONV_PATH in order, followed by  the	system
	  default  gconv  module  configuration file.  If a directory does not
	  contain a gconv module configuration file, any gconv modules that it
	  may  contain	are  ignored.	If a directory contains a gconv module
	  configuration file and it is determined that	a  module  needed  for
	  this	conversion is available in the directory, then the needed mod‐
	  ule is loaded from that directory, the order	being  such  that  the
	  first	 suitable  module  found  in  GCONV_PATH is used.  This allows
	  users to use custom modules and even replace system-provided modules
	  by providing such modules in GCONV_PATH directories.

FILES
       /usr/lib/gconv
	      Usual default gconv module path.

       /usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules
	      Usual system default gconv module configuration file.

       /usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules.cache
	      Usual system gconv module configuration cache.

CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001.

EXAMPLE
       Convert text from the ISO 8859-15 character encoding to UTF-8:

	   $ iconv -f ISO-8859-15 -t UTF-8 < input.txt > output.txt

       The  next  example  converts  from UTF-8 to ASCII, transliterating when
       possible:

	   $ echo abc ß α € àḃç | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT
	   abc ss ? EUR abc

SEE ALSO
       locale(1), iconv(3), nl_langinfo(3), charsets(7), iconvconfig(8)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 4.14 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest	 version    of	  this	  page,	   can	   be	  found	    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU				  2017-09-15			      ICONV(1)
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