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init(8)								       init(8)

NAME
       init - Upstart process management daemon

SYNOPSIS
       init [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION
       init  is	 the  parent of all processes on the system, it is executed by
       the kernel and is responsible for starting all other processes;	it  is
       the  parent  of all processes whose natural parents have died and it is
       responsible for reaping those when they die.

       Processes managed by init are known as jobs and are defined by files in
       the  /etc/init  directory.  See init(5) for more details on configuring
       Upstart.

   Events
       init(8) is an event-based init daemon.  This means that	jobs  will  be
       automatically  started  and stopped by changes that occur to the system
       state, including as a result of jobs starting and stopping.

       This is different to dependency-based init daemons which start a speci‐
       fied  set  of  goal jobs, and resolve the order in which they should be
       started and other jobs required by iterating their dependencies.

       For more information on starting and stopping jobs, as well as emitting
       events that will automatically start and stop jobs, see the manual page
       for the initctl(8) tool.

       The primary event is the startup(7) event, emitted when the daemon  has
       finished loading its configuration.  Other useful events are the start‐
       ing(7), started(7), stopping(7) and stopped(7) events emitted  as  jobs
       change state.

   Job States
       Table 1: Job Goals and State Transitions.

       ┌───────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────┐
       │	       │		   Goal			  │
       │	       ├───────────────┬──────────────────────────┤
       │Current State  │    start      │	   stop		  │
       ├───────────────┼───────────────┴──────────────────────────┤
       │waiting	       │  starting	  n/a			  │
       │starting       │  pre-start	  stopping		  │
       │pre-start      │  spawned	  stopping		  │
       │spawned	       │  post-start	  stopping		  │
       │post-start     │  running	  stopping		  │
       │running	       │  stopping	  pre-stop / stopping (*) │
       │pre-stop       │  running	  stopping		  │
       │stopping       │  killed	  killed		  │
       │killed	       │  post-stop	  post-stop		  │
       │post-stop      │  starting	  waiting		  │
       └───────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┘
       Key:
	 (*) If there is a script or exec section and this process is running,
	 state will be 'pre-stop', else it will be 'stopping'.

   Job Lifecycle
       Starting a Job

       1  Initially  the job is "at rest" with a goal of 'stop' and a state of
	  'waiting' (shown as 'stop/waiting' by the initctl(8) list and status
	  commands).

       2  The  goal  is	 changed  from 'stop' to 'start' indicating the job is
	  attempting to start.

       3  The state is changed from 'waiting' to 'starting'.

       4  The starting(7) event is emitted  denoting  the  job	is  "about  to
	  start".

       5  Any  jobs  whose 'start on' (or 'stop on') condition would be satis‐
	  fied by this job starting are started (or stopped respectively).

       6  The starting(7) event completes.

       7  The state is changed from 'starting' to 'pre-start'.

       8  If the pre-start stanza exists, the pre-start process is spawned.

       9  If the pre-start process fails, the goal is changed from 'start'  to
	  'stop',  and	the stopping(7) and stopped(7) events are emitted with
	  appropriate variables set denoting the error.

       10 Assuming the pre-start did not fail or did not call "stop", the main
	  process is spawned.

       11 The state is changed from 'pre-start' to 'spawned'.

       12 Upstart  then	 ascertains  the  final PID for the job which may be a
	  descendent of the immediate child process if expect fork  or	expect
	  daemon has been specified.

       13 The state is changed from 'spawned' to 'post-start'.

       14 If the post-start stanza exists, the post-start process is spawned.

       15 The state is changed from 'post-start' to 'running'.

       16 The started(7) event is emitted.

	  For services, when this event completes the main process will now be
	  fully running. If the job refers to a task, it will  now  have  com‐
	  pleted (successfully or otherwise).

       17 Any  jobs  whose 'start on' (or 'stop on') condition would be satis‐
	  fied by this job being  started  are	started	 (or  stopped  respec‐
	  tively).

       Stopping a Job

       1  Assuming  the	 job  is fully running, it will have a goal of 'start'
	  and a state of 'running' (shown as 'start/running' by the initctl(8)
	  list and status commands).

       2  The  goal  is	 changed  from 'start' to 'stop' indicating the job is
	  attempting to stop.

       3  The state is changed from 'running' to 'pre-stop'.

       4  If the pre-stop stanza exists, the pre-stop process is spawned.

       5  The state is changed from 'pre-stop' to 'stopping'.

       6  The stopping(7) event is emitted.

       7  Any jobs whose 'start on' (or 'stop on') condition would  be	satis‐
	  fied by this job stopping are started (or stopped respectively).

       8  The main process is stopped:

	  i  The  signal  specified  by	 the kill signal stanza is sent to the
	     process group of  the  main  process  (such  that	all  processes
	     belonging	to the jobs main process are killed).  By default this
	     signal is SIGTERM.

	     See signal(7) and init(5).

	  ii Upstart waits for up to "kill timeout" seconds  (default  5  sec‐
	     onds) for the process to end.

	  iii
	     If the process is still running after the timeout, a SIGKILL sig‐
	     nal is sent to the process	 which	cannot	be  ignored  and  will
	     forcibly stop the processes in the process group.

       9  The state is changed from 'killed' to 'post-stop'.

       10 If the post-stop stanza exists, the post-stop process is spawned.

       11 The state is changed from 'post-stop' to 'waiting'.

       12 The stopped(7) event is emitted.

	  When this event completes, the job is fully stopped.

       13 Any  jobs  whose 'start on' (or 'stop on') condition would be satis‐
	  fied by this job being  stopped  are	started	 (or  stopped  respec‐
	  tively).

   System V compatibility
       The  Upstart  init(8)  daemon  does not keep track of runlevels itself,
       instead they are implemented entirely  by  its  userspace  tools.   The
       event emitted to signify a change of runlevel is the runlevel(7) event.
       For more information see its manual page.

OPTIONS
       Options are passed to init(8) by placing them on	 the  kernel  command-
       line.

       --confdir directory
	      Read  job	 configuration	files  from a directory other than the
	      default (/etc/init for process ID 1).

	      When running as process ID 1, the last directory specified  will
	      be used.

	      In  user session mode, multiple directories will be honoured and
	      job configuration files loaded from the directories in the order
	      specified.

       --default-console value
	      Default  value  for jobs that do not specify a 'console' stanza.
	      This could be used for example to set the default to 'none'  but
	      still  honour  jobs  that	 specify explicitly 'console log'. See
	      init(5) for all possible values of console.

       --no-dbus
	      Do not connect to a D-Bus bus.

       --no-inherit-env
	      Stop jobs from inheriting the initial environment. Only meaning‐
	      ful when running in user mode.

       --logdir directory
	      Write   job   output   log  files	 to  a	directory  other  than
	      /var/log/upstart (system mode) or $XDG_CACHE_HOME/upstart	 (user
	      session mode).

       --no-log
	      Disable  logging	of job output. Note that jobs specifying 'con‐
	      sole log' will be treated as  if	they  had  specified  'console
	      none'.  See init(5) for further details.

       --no-sessions
	      Disable chroot sessions.

       --no-startup-event
	      Suppress	emission  of  the  initial  startup event. This option
	      should only be used for testing since it will stop  the  init(8)
	      daemon from starting any jobs automatically.

       --session
	      Connect  to  the D-Bus session bus. This should only be used for
	      testing.

       --startup-event event
	      Specify a different initial  startup  event  from	 the  standard
	      startup(7).

       --user Starts  in user mode, as used for user sessions. Upstart will be
	      run as an unprivileged user, reading  configuration  files  from
	      configuration locations as per roughly XDG Base Directory Speci‐
	      fication. See init(5) for further details.

       -q, --quiet
	      Reduces output messages to errors only.

       -v, --verbose
	      Outputs verbose messages about job state changes and event emis‐
	      sions to the system console or log, useful for debugging boot.

       --version
	      Outputs version information and exits.

NOTES
       init  is not normally executed by a user process, and expects to have a
       process id of 1.	 If this is not the case,  it  will  actually  execute
       telinit(8)  and	pass  all arguments to that.  See that manual page for
       further details. However, if the --user option is  specified,  it  will
       run as a Session Init and read alternative configuration files and man‐
       age the individual user session in a similar fashion.

       Sending a Session Init a SIGTERM signal is taken as a request to	 shut‐
       down due to an impending system shutdown. In this scenario, the Session
       Init will emit the session-end event  and   request  all	 running  jobs
       stop.  It  will attempt to honour jobs kill timeout values (see init(5)
       for further details). Note however that system policy will prevail:  if
       jobs  request  timeout  values longer than the system policy allows for
       complete system shutdown, it will not be possible to honour them before
       the Session Init is killed by the system.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       When run as a user process, the following variables may be used to find
       job configuration files:

       ·   $XDG_CONFIG_HOME

       ·   $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS

       See User Session Mode in init(5) for further details.

FILES
       /etc/init.conf

       /etc/init/

       $HOME/.init/

       $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/upstart/

       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/upstart/

AUTHOR
       Written by Scott James Remnant <scott@netsplit.com>

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs at <https://launchpad.net/upstart/+bugs>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2009-2013 Canonical Ltd.
       This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is
       NO  warranty;  not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
       all-swaps(7),  control-alt-delete(7),  dbus-daemon(1),	dbus-event(7),
       dconf-event(7),	 file-event(7),	  filesystem(7),   init(5),   init(8),
       initctl(8),  keyboard-request(7),  local-filesystems(7),	  mountall(8),
       mounted(7),   mounting(7),   power-status-changed(7),   remote-filesys‐
       tems(7), runlevel(7), shutdown(8), socket-event(7), started(7),	start‐
       ing(7),	   startup(7),	   stopped(7),	   stopping(7),	   telinit(8),
       upstart-dbus-bridge(8),			      upstart-dconf-bridge(8),
       upstart-event-bridge(8),	  upstart-events(7),   upstart-file-bridge(8),
       upstart-local-bridge(8),			     upstart-socket-bridge(8),
       upstart-udev-bridge(8), virtual-filesystems(7).

Upstart				  2013-12-20			       init(8)
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