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ISALPHA(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		    ISALPHA(3)

NAME
       isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower,
       isprint, ispunct, isspace,  isupper,  isxdigit,	isalnum_l,  isalpha_l,
       isascii_l,   isblank_l,	iscntrl_l,  isdigit_l,	isgraph_l,  islower_l,
       isprint_l, ispunct_l,  isspace_l,  isupper_l,  isxdigit_l  -  character
       classification functions

SYNOPSIS
       #include <ctype.h>

       int isalnum(int c);
       int isalpha(int c);
       int iscntrl(int c);
       int isdigit(int c);
       int isgraph(int c);
       int islower(int c);
       int isprint(int c);
       int ispunct(int c);
       int isspace(int c);
       int isupper(int c);
       int isxdigit(int c);

       int isascii(int c);
       int isblank(int c);

       int isalnum_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isalpha_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isblank_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int iscntrl_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isdigit_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isgraph_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int islower_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isprint_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int ispunct_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isspace_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isupper_l(int c, locale_t locale);
       int isxdigit_l(int c, locale_t locale);

       int isascii_l(int c, locale_t locale);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       isascii():
	   _XOPEN_SOURCE
	       || /* Glibc since 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
	       || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _SVID_SOURCE

       isblank():
	   _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L

       isalnum_l(), isalpha_l(), isblank_l(), iscntrl_l(), isdigit_l(),
       isgraph_l(), islower_l(), isprint_l(), ispunct_l(), isspace_l(), isup‐
       per_l(), isxdigit_l():
	   Since glibc 2.10:
		  _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700
	   Before glibc 2.10:
		  _GNU_SOURCE

       isascii_l():
	   Since glibc 2.10:
		  _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700 && (_SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE)
	   Before glibc 2.10:
		  _GNU_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION
       These  functions	 check	whether	 c,  which  must  have the value of an
       unsigned char or EOF, falls into a certain character class according to
       the  specified  locale.	 The functions without the "_l" suffix perform
       the check based on the current locale.

       The functions with the "_l" suffix  perform  the	 check	based  on  the
       locale  specified  by  the locale object locale.	 The behavior of these
       functions  is  undefined	 if  locale  is	 the  special  locale	object
       LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE	 (see  duplocale(3))  or  is not a valid locale object
       handle.

       The list below explains the operation of the functions without the "_l"
       suffix;	the  functions	with  the "_l" suffix differ only in using the
       locale object locale instead of the current locale.

       isalnum()
	      checks for an alphanumeric character; it is equivalent to (isal‐
	      pha(c) || isdigit(c)).

       isalpha()
	      checks  for an alphabetic character; in the standard "C" locale,
	      it  is  equivalent  to  (isupper(c)  ||  islower(c)).   In  some
	      locales,	there may be additional characters for which isalpha()
	      is true—letters which are neither uppercase nor lowercase.

       isascii()
	      checks whether c is a 7-bit unsigned char value that  fits  into
	      the ASCII character set.

       isblank()
	      checks for a blank character; that is, a space or a tab.

       iscntrl()
	      checks for a control character.

       isdigit()
	      checks for a digit (0 through 9).

       isgraph()
	      checks for any printable character except space.

       islower()
	      checks for a lowercase character.

       isprint()
	      checks for any printable character including space.

       ispunct()
	      checks  for  any	printable character which is not a space or an
	      alphanumeric character.

       isspace()
	      checks for white-space  characters.   In	the  "C"  and  "POSIX"
	      locales,	these  are:  space,  form-feed ('\f'), newline ('\n'),
	      carriage return ('\r'), horizontal tab ('\t'), and vertical  tab
	      ('\v').

       isupper()
	      checks for an uppercase letter.

       isxdigit()
	      checks for hexadecimal digits, that is, one of
	      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f A B C D E F.

RETURN VALUE
       The  values  returned  are  nonzero  if	the character c falls into the
       tested class, and zero if not.

VERSIONS
       isalnum_l(),  isalpha_l(),   isblank_l(),   iscntrl_l(),	  isdigit_l(),
       isgraph_l(),  islower_l(), isprint_l(), ispunct_l(), isspace_l(), isup‐
       per_l(), isxdigit_l(), and isascii_l() are available since glibc 2.3.

ATTRIBUTES
       For  an	explanation  of	 the  terms  used   in	 this	section,   see
       attributes(7).

       ┌─────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
       │Interface			 │ Attribute	 │ Value   │
       ├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
       │isalnum(), isalpha(), isascii(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
       │isblank(), iscntrl(), isdigit(), │		 │	   │
       │isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), │		 │	   │
       │ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), │		 │	   │
       │isxdigit()			 │		 │	   │
       └─────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
CONFORMING TO
       C89  specifies  isalnum(),  isalpha(), iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(),
       islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), and  isxdigit(),
       but  not	 isascii()  and	 isblank().  POSIX.1-2001 also specifies those
       functions, and also isascii() (as an XSI extension) and isblank().  C99
       specifies all of the preceding functions, except isascii().

       POSIX.1-2008 marks isascii() as obsolete, noting that it cannot be used
       portably in a localized application.

       POSIX.1-2008 specifies  isalnum_l(),  isalpha_l(),  isblank_l(),	 iscn‐
       trl_l(),	   isdigit_l(),	   isgraph_l(),	   islower_l(),	  isprint_l(),
       ispunct_l(), isspace_l(), isupper_l(), and isxdigit_l().

       isascii_l() is a GNU extension.

NOTES
       The standards require that the argument c for these functions is either
       EOF or a value that is representable in the type unsigned char.	If the
       argument c is of type char, it must be cast to unsigned char, as in the
       following example:

	   char c;
	   ...
	   res = toupper((unsigned char) c);

       This is necessary because char may be the equivalent of signed char, in
       which case a byte where the top bit is set would be sign extended  when
       converting  to  int,  yielding  a  value	 that  is outside the range of
       unsigned char.

       The details of what characters belong to	 which	class  depend  on  the
       locale.	 For  example, isupper() will not recognize an A-umlaut (Ä) as
       an uppercase letter in the default C locale.

SEE ALSO
       iswalnum(3), iswalpha(3), iswblank(3), iswcntrl(3),  iswdigit(3),  isw‐
       graph(3),  iswlower(3),	iswprint(3),  iswpunct(3), iswspace(3), iswup‐
       per(3),	 iswxdigit(3),	 newlocale(3),	  setlocale(3),	   toascii(3),
       tolower(3), toupper(3), uselocale(3), ascii(7), locale(7)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 4.14 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
       latest	  version     of     this    page,    can    be	   found    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU				  2017-09-15			    ISALPHA(3)
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