LAST(1) BSD Reference Manual LAST(1)NAMElast - indicate last logins of users and ttys
SYNOPSISlast [-csT] [-number] [-f file] [-h host] [-n number] [-t tty] [-d
[[[CC]YY]MMDD]hhmm[.SS]] [user ...]
DESCRIPTION
The last utility will either (1) list the sessions of specified users,
ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order, or (2) list the users logged in
at a specified snapshot date & time in reverse time order. Each line of
output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was con-
ducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the
duration of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut
short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.
The options are as follows:
-number Same as the -n option (deprecated).
-c Calculates the total time displayed and prints it after the
output.
-f file last reads the file file instead of the default,
/var/log/wtmp.
-n number Limits the report to number lines.
-s Display time values in seconds since the epoch, instead of
formatted dates.
-t tty Specify the tty. tty names may be given fully or abbreviated,
for example, last-t 03 is equivalent to last-t tty03.
-h host host names may be names or internet numbers.
-T Display better time information, including seconds.
-d date Specify the snapshot date & time. All users logged in at the
snapshot date & time will be reported. This may be used with
the -f option to derive the results from stored wtmp files.
When this argument is provided, all other options except for
-f and -n are ignored. The argument should be in the form
"[[[CC]YY]MMDD]hhmm[.SS]" where each pair of letters
represents the following:
CC The first two digits of the year (the century).
YY The second two digits of the year. If "YY" is
specified, but "CC" is not, a value for "YY"
between 69 and 99 results in a "CC" value of 19.
Otherwise, a "CC" value of 20 is used.
MM Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
DD Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
hh Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
mm Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
SS Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
If the "CC" and "YY" letter pairs are not specified, the
values default to the current year. If the "SS" letter pair is
not specified, the value defaults to 0.
If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not specified,
the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g.,
last root -t console would list all of root's sessions as well as all
sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames, or terminals
are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.
The pseudo-user "reboot" logs in at reboots of the system; thus last
reboot will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has pro-
gressed. If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the
search has progressed and then continues.
FILES
/var/log/wtmp login database
SEE ALSOlastcomm(1), utmp(5), ac(8)HISTORY
The last command appeared in 3.0BSD.
MirOS BSD #10-current June 6, 1993 1
