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ld86(1)								       ld86(1)

NAME
       ld86 - Linker for as86(1)

SYNOPSIS
       ld86   [-03MNdimrstyz[-]]  [-llib_extension]  [-o outfile]  [-Ccrtfile]
       [-Llibdir] [-Olibfile] [-Ttextaddr] [-Hheapsize] [-Ddataaddr] infile...

DESCRIPTION
       This linker understands only the object	files  produced	 by  the  as86
       assembler,  it  can  link  them into either an impure or a separate I&D
       executable.

       The linking defaults are everything off or none except for -0  and  the
       output file is a.out.  There is not a standard library location defined
       in the linker.

OPTIONS
       -0     produce header with 16-bit magic

       -3     produce header with 32-bit magic

       -d     delete the header from the  output  file,	 used  for  MSDOS  COM
	      files. As a side effect this also includes -s as there's nowhere
	      to put a symbol table.

       -Cx    add file libdir-from-search/crtx.o to list of files linked

       -D     data base address follows (in format suitable for strtoul)

       -H     the top of heap (initial stack) address (in format suitable  for
	      strtoul)

       -Lx    add dir name x to the head of the list of library dirs searched

       -M     print symbols linked on stdout

       -N     Create  a	 native	 Linux OMAGIC output file. If the contents are
	      i386 code the binary can be either linked by GCC or executed  by
	      linux. If the -z option is also included the linker can generate
	      a QMAGIC executable.

       -Ox    add library or object file libdir-from-search/x to list of files
	      linked

       -T     text base address follows (in format suitable for strtoul)

       -i     separate I&D output

       -lx    add library libdir-from-search/libx.a to list of files linked

       -m     print modules linked on stdout

       -o     output file name follows

       -s     strip symbols

       -r     Generate	a  relocatable	object	from one source object, if the
	      linker is given the -N option also the output format will be the
	      hosts native format if possible.

       -t     trace modules being looked at on stdout

       -y     Alter the symbol tables to add label 'extensions' so that labels
	      with more than 8 characters can be stored in elks executables.

       -z     produce "unmapped zero page" or "QMAGIC" executables

       All the options not taking an argument may be turned off	 by  following
       the option letter by a '-', as for cc1.

PREDEFINED LABELS
       The  linker  predefines	several	 labels that can be imported into user
       programs.

       __etext
	      Standard C variable for the end of the text segment.

       __edata
	      Standard C variable for the end of the initilised data.

       __end  Standard C variable for the end of the bss area.

       __segoff
	      The offset within the executable file between the start  of  the
	      text  segment  and  the  start  of  the  data segment in 16 byte
	      'paragraphs'.  Note  this	 is  zero  for	impure	(tiny	model)
	      executables  and is adjusted for executables that don't start at
	      offset 0 within the segment.

       __segXDL
	      The lowest address with data in segment 'X'. (eg __seg0DL is for
	      segment  zero  or	 the  text  segment,  __seg3DL is for the data
	      segment) The value 'X' is a hex digit.

       __segXDH
	      The top of segment 'X's data area.

       __segXCL
	      The bottom of segment 'X's  'common  data'  or  unitilised  data
	      area.  Each  segment  has both an initilised and unitilised data
	      area.

       __segXCH
	      The top of segment 'X's common area.

       __segXSO
	      This is the adjusted offset from	segment	 0  of	the  start  of
	      segment 'X' in 'paragraphs'.

HISTORY
       The 6809 version does not support -i.

       The  previous  versions	of the linker could produce an 8086 executable
       with segments of a size	>64k,  now  only  i386	executables  may  have
       segments this large.

BUGS
       The linker cannot deal with reverse seeks caused by org instructions in
       the object file. Unlike previous versions the  current  one  traps  the
       error rather than trying to fill up the hard disk.

       The  linker  produces a broken a.out object file if given one input and
       the -r option this is so it is compatible with pre-dev86 versions.

				   Apr, 1997			       ld86(1)
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