LS(1)LS(1)NAME
ls, lc - list files
SYNOPSISls [ -lpmnqduntscrFT ] [ file... ]
lc [ -lpmnqduntscrFT ] [ file... ]
DESCRIPTION
Ls lists the named files in an order and format determined by its
options. The options determining the output format are:
-l Produce output in long format. The information given in each
column is as follows:
1. The permission mode of the file. This is formatted as
11 characters; the first is `d' if the file is a
directory, `a' if the file is append-only, `A' if it
is an authentication file, or `-' otherwise. The next
character is `l' if the file is exclusive-use, or `-'
otherwise. The remaining characters are in three
groups of three, each representing one permission bit.
Each character is either `r' (read permission), `w'
(write permission), `x' (execute permission) or `-'
(no permission). The three groups represent permis‐
sions granted for that file to the file's owner, mem‐
bers of the file's group and anybody else respec‐
tively.
2. The device type (this is the `#' device letter for
local devices or `M' for files mounted over a 9P con‐
nection).
3. The device instance number (this distinguishes between
separately mounted instances of the same device).
4. The file's owner.
5. The file's group.
7. The size of the file in bytes.
8. The date and time the file was last modified (see also
the -u and the -e options).
9. The name of the file.
-m Print the name of the user who most recently modified the
file.
-q Print the file's qid (see sys-stat(2)) at the beginning of
each line; the printed fields are in the order path, version,
and type.
-u Applicable only to the -l and -t options: causes time-sorted
listings to be listed by time of last access, and the access
time to be printed in long-format listings instead of the
modification time.
-e Applicable only to the -l and -u options: causes the time to
be displayed as seconds since the epoch.
-p Print each filename as a bare name, without the name of the
containing directory.
The other options relate to the order in which the listed files are
printed, and which files are selected. Usually, each file that is a
directory has its contents printed. The -d option causes the directory
itself to be listed. In a union directory, it is possible for there to
be two or more instances of a file with the same name. The -c option
causes only the first one occurring to be listed. The options relating
to ordering are:
-n Do not sort the files at all.
-t Sort by modification time (most recent first) or access time
if the -u option is also specified.
-s Sort by size (smallest first).
-r Reverse the sort order.
-F Add the character / after all directory names and the charac‐
ter * after all executable files.
-T Print the character t before each file if it has the tempo‐
rary flag set, and - otherwise.
Lc is the same as ls, but sets the -p option and pipes the output
through mc(1).
SOURCE
/appl/cmd/ls.b
/dis/lc
SEE ALSOreaddir(2), mc(1)LS(1)
