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MINICOM(1)			 Version 2.6.2			    MINICOM(1)

NAME
       minicom - friendly serial communication program

SYNOPSIS
       minicom [options] [configuration]

DESCRIPTION
       minicom	is a communication program which somewhat resembles the share‐
       ware program TELIX but is free with source code	and  runs  under  most
       Unices.	 Features  include dialing directory with auto-redial, support
       for UUCP-style lock files on serial devices, a separate script language
       interpreter, capture to file, multiple users with individual configura‐
       tions, and more.

COMMAND-LINE
       -s, --setup
	    Setup.  Root edits the  system-wide	 defaults  in  /etc/minirc.dfl
	    with  this	option.	 When it is used, minicom does not initialize,
	    but puts you directly into the configuration menu.	This  is  very
	    handy  if  minicom	refuses	 to  start  up because your system has
	    changed, or for the first time you run minicom. For most  systems,
	    reasonable defaults are already compiled in.

       -o, --noinit
	    Do	not  initialize.  Minicom  will	 skip the initialization code.
	    This option is handy if you quit from minicom  without  resetting,
	    and	 then  want  to restart a session. It is potentially dangerous
	    though: no check for lock files etc. is made,  so  a  normal  user
	    could  interfere with things like UUCP... maybe this will be taken
	    out later. For now it is assumed, that users who are given	access
	    to a modem are responsible enough for their actions.

       -m, --metakey
	    Override command-key with the Meta or ALT key. This is the default
	    in 1.80 and it can also be configured in one of  minicom's	menus,
	    but	 if  you  use  different terminals all the time, of which some
	    don't have a Meta or ALT key, it's handy to set the	 default  com‐
	    mand  key  to  Ctrl-A and use this option when you have a keyboard
	    supporting Meta or ALT keys. Minicom assumes that  your  Meta  key
	    sends  the ESC prefix, not the other variant that sets the highest
	    bit of the character.

       -M, --metakey8
	    Same as -m, but assumes that your Meta key sets the 8th bit of the
	    character high (sends 128 + character code).

       -z, --statline
	    Use	 terminal  status line. This only works on terminals that sup‐
	    port it and that have the relevant information in their termcap or
	    terminfo database entry.

       -l, --ansi
	    Literal translation of characters with the high bit set. With this
	    flag on, minicom will try to translate the IBM line characters  to
	    ASCII.  Many PC-unix clones will display character correctly with‐
	    out translation (Linux in a special mode, Coherent and SCO).

       -L, --iso
	    Ditto but assume screen uses an ISO8859 character set.

       -w, --wrap
	    Turns line-wrap on at startup by default.

       -H, --displayhex
	    Turn on output in hex mode.

       -a, --attrib=on/off
	    Attribute usage. Some terminals, notably Televideo's, have	rotten
	    attribute handling (serial instead of parallel). By default, mini‐
	    com uses '-a on', but if you are using such	 a  terminal  you  can
	    (must!)  supply the option '-a off'. The trailing 'on' or 'off' is
	    needed.

       -t, --term=TERM
	    Terminal type. With this flag, you can  override  the  environment
	    TERM  variable.   This is handy for use in the MINICOM environment
	    variable; one can create a special	termcap	 entry	for  use  with
	    minicom on the console, that initializes the screen to raw mode so
	    that in conjunction with the -l flag, the IBM line characters  are
	    displayed untranslated.

       -c, --color=on/off
	    Color  usage.  Some	 terminals (such as the Linux console) support
	    color with the standard ANSI escape sequences.  Because  there  is
	    apparently	no  termcap  support for color, these escape sequences
	    are hard-coded into minicom.  Therefore  this  option  is  off  by
	    default.   You  can	 turn  it  on with '-c on'. This, and the '-m'
	    option, are good candidates to put into  the  MINICOM  environment
	    variable.

       -S, --script=SCRIPT
	    script.  Run the named script at startup. So far, passing username
	    and password to a startup script is not supported. If you also use
	    the	 -d  option to start dialing at startup, the -S script will be
	    run BEFORE dialing the entries specified with -d.

       -d, --dial=ENTRY
	    Dial an entry from the dialing directory on startup. You can spec‐
	    ify	 an  index  number,  but  also	a substring of the name of the
	    entry. If you specify a name that  has  multiple  entries  in  the
	    directory,	they  are all tagged for dialing. You can also specify
	    multiple names or index numbers by separating  them	 with  commas.
	    The	 dialing  will	start from the first entry specified after all
	    other program initialization procedures are completed.

       -p, --ptty=TTYP
	    Pseudo terminal to use. This overrides the terminal	 port  defined
	    in	the  configuration  files, but only if it is a pseudo TTY. The
	    filename supplied  must  be	 of  the  form	(/dev/)tty[p-z/][0-f],
	    (/dev/)pts[p-z/][0-f]   or	 (/dev/)pty[p-z/][0-f].	 For  example,
	    /dev/ttyp1, pts/0 or /dev/ptyp2.

       -C, --capturefile=FILE
	    filename.  Open capture file at startup.

       -T, --disabletime
	    Disable the display of the online time in the status bar.

       -b, --baudrate
	    Specify the baud rate, overriding the value given in the  configu‐
	    ration file.

       -D, --device
	    Specify  the  device, overriding the value given in the configura‐
	    tion file.

       -R, --remotecharset
	    Specify the character set of the remote system is using  and  con‐
	    vert  it  to the character set of the local side. Example might be
	    'latin1'.

       -7, --7bit
	    7bit mode for terminals which aren't 8bit capable. 8bit is default
	    if the environment is configured for this via LANG or LC_ALL, 7bit
	    otherwise.

       -8, --8bit
	    8bit characters pass through without any modification.   'Continu‐
	    ous'  means	 no  locate/attribute  control	sequences are inserted
	    without real change of locate/attribute. This mode is  to  display
	    8bit  multi-byte  characters such as Japanese. Not needed in every
	    language with 8bit characters.  (For  example  displaying  Finnish
	    text doesn't need this.)

       -h, --help
	    Display help and exit.

       -v, --version
	    Print the minicom version.

	    When  minicom  starts,  it	first searches the MINICOM environment
	    variable for command-line arguments, which can be  over-ridden  on
	    the command line.  Thus, if you have done

		 MINICOM='-m -c on'
		 export MINICOM
	    or	the  equivalent,  and  start minicom, minicom will assume that
	    your terminal has a Meta or <ALT> key and that color is supported.
	    If	you then log in from a terminal without color support, and you
	    have set MINICOM in your startup (.profile	or  equivalent)	 file,
	    and	 don't	want to re-set your environment variable, you can type
	    'minicom -c off' and run without color support for that session.

       configuration
	    The configuration argument is more interesting. Normally,  minicom
	    gets  its defaults from a file called "minirc.dfl". If you however
	    give an argument to minicom, it will try to get its defaults  from
	    a file called "minirc.configuration".  So it is possible to create
	    multiple configuration files, for different ports, different users
	    etc.  Most	sensible  is to use device names, such as tty1, tty64,
	    sio2 etc. If a user creates his own configuration  file,  it  will
	    show up in his home directory as ".minirc.dfl" or ".minirc.config‐
	    uration".

USE
       Minicom is window based. To pop-up a window with the function you want,
       press  Control-A	 (from now on, we will use C-A to mean Control-A), and
       then the function key (a-z or A-Z). By pressing C-A first and then 'z',
       a  help	screen	comes  up  with	 a short summary of all commands. This
       escape key can be altered when minicom is configured (-s option or  C-A
       O), but we'll stick to Control-A for now.

       For every menu the next keys can be used:
       UP     arrow-up or 'k'
       DOWN   arrow-down or 'j'
       LEFT   arrow-left or 'h'
       RIGHT  arrow-right or 'l'
       CHOOSE Enter
       CANCEL ESCape.

       The  screen  is	divided	 into two portions: the upper 24 lines are the
       terminal-emulator  screen.  In  this  window,  ANSI  or	VT100	escape
       sequences  are  interpreted.   If there is a line left at the bottom, a
       status line is placed there.  If this is not possible the  status  line
       will  be showed every time you press C-A. On terminals that have a spe‐
       cial status line that will be used if the termcap information  is  com‐
       plete and the -k flag has been given.

       Possible commands are listed next, in alphabetical order.
       C-A  Pressing C-A a second time will just send a C-A to the remote sys‐
	    tem.  If you have changed your  "escape  character"	 to  something
	    other than C-A, this works analogously for that character.
       A    Toggle  'Add  Linefeed'  on/off.  If it is on, a linefeed is added
	    before every carriage return displayed on the screen.
       B    Gives you a scroll back buffer. You can scroll  up	with  u,  down
	    with d, a page up with b, a page down with f, and if you have them
	    the arrow and page up/page down keys can also  be  used.  You  can
	    search  for text in the buffer with s (case-sensitive) or S (case-
	    insensitive). N will find the next occurrence of  the  string.   c
	    will  enter	 citation  mode. A text cursor appears and you specify
	    the start line by hitting Enter key. Then scroll  back  mode  will
	    finish and the contents with prefix '>' will be sent.
       C    Clears the screen.
       D    Dial a number, or go to the dialing directory.
       E    Toggle  local echo on and off (if your version of minicom supports
	    it).
       F    A break signal is sent to the modem.
       G    Run script (Go). Runs a login script.
       H    Hangup.
       I    Toggle the type of escape  sequence	 that  the  cursor  keys  send
	    between  normal and applications mode. (See also the comment about
	    the status line below).
       J    Jump to a shell. On return, the whole screen will be redrawn.
       K    Clears the screen, runs kermit and redraws the screen upon return.
       L    Turn Capture file on off. If turned on, all	 output	 sent  to  the
	    screen will be captured in the file too.
       M    Sends  the	modem initialization string. If you are online and the
	    DCD line setting is on, you are asked for confirmation before  the
	    modem is initialized.
       N    Toggle  between  three  states, whether each line is prefixed with
	    current date and time, a timestamp is added every  second,	or  no
	    timestamps.
       O    Configure minicom. Puts you in the configuration menu.
       P    Communication  Parameters. Allows you to change the bps rate, par‐
	    ity and number of bits.
       Q    Exit minicom without resetting the modem. If  macros  changed  and
	    were not saved, you will have a chance to do so.
       R    Receive  files.  Choose  from various protocols (external). If you
	    have the filename selection window and  the	 prompt	 for  download
	    directory  enabled, you'll get a selection window for choosing the
	    directory  for  downloading.  Otherwise  the  download   directory
	    defined in the Filenames and paths menu will be used.
       S    Send  files. Choose the protocol like you do with the receive com‐
	    mand. If you don't have the filename selection window enabled  (in
	    the	 File  transfer protocols menu), you'll just have to write the
	    filename(s) in a dialog window. If you have the  selection	window
	    enabled, a window will pop up showing the filenames in your upload
	    directory. You can tag and untag filenames by  pressing  spacebar,
	    and	 move  the cursor up and down with the cursor keys or j/k. The
	    selected filenames are  shown  highlighted.	 Directory  names  are
	    shown  [within brackets] and you can move up or down in the direc‐
	    tory tree by pressing the spacebar twice. Finally, send the	 files
	    by pressing ENTER or quit by pressing ESC.
       T    Choose  Terminal  emulation:  Ansi(color)  or vt100.  You can also
	    change the backspace key here, turn the status line on or off, and
	    define  delay  (in	milliseconds)  after  each newline if you need
	    that.
       W    Toggle line-wrap on/off.
       X    Exit minicom, reset modem. If macros changed and were  not	saved,
	    you will have a chance to do so.
       Y    Paste  a  file.  Reads a file and sends its contests just as if it
	    would be typed in.
       Z    Pop up the help screen.

DIALING DIRECTORY
       By pressing C-A D the program puts you in the dialing directory. Select
       a   command  by	pressing  the  capitalized  letter  or	moving	cursor
       right/left with the arrow keys or the h/l keys and pressing Enter.  You
       can add, delete or edit entries and move them up and down in the direc‐
       tory list. By choosing "dial" the phone numbers of the tagged  entries,
       or  if  nothing	is tagged, the number of the highlighted entry will be
       dialed. While the modem is dialing, you	can  press  escape  to	cancel
       dialing. Any other key will close the dial window, but won't cancel the
       dialing itself. Your dialing directory will  be	saved  into  the  file
       ".dialdir" in your home directory.  You can scroll up and down with the
       arrow keys, but you can also scroll  complete  pages  by	 pressing  the
       PageUp  or PageDown key.	 If you don't have those, use Control-B (Back‐
       ward) and Control-F (Forward). You can use the space bar to tag a  num‐
       ber of entries and minicom will rotate trough this list if a connection
       can't be made. A '>' symbol is drawn in the directory before the	 names
       of the tagged entries.

       The "edit" menu speaks for itself, but I will discuss it briefly here.
       A - Name	 The name for this entry
       B - Number
		 and its telephone number.
       C - Dial string #
		 Which	specific dial string you want to use to connect. There
		 are three different dial strings (prefixes and suffixes) that
		 can be configured in the Modem and dialing menu.
       D - Local echo
		 can  be on or off for this system (if your version of minicom
		 supports it).
       E - Script
		 The script that must be executed after a  successful  connec‐
		 tion is made (see the manual for runscript)
       F - Username
		 The  username that is passed to the runscript program.	 It is
		 passed in the environment string "$LOGIN".
       G - Password
		 The password is passed as "$PASS".
       H - Terminal Emulation
		 Use ANSI or VT100 emulation.
       I - Backspace key sends
		 What code (Backspace or Delete) the backspace key sends.
       J - Linewrap
		 Can be on or off.
       K - Line settings
		 Bps rate, bits, parity and number of stop  bits  to  use  for
		 this  connection.   You  can choose current for the speed, so
		 that it will use whatever speed is being used at that	moment
		 (useful if you have multiple modems).
       L - Conversion table
		 You  may  specify  a  character conversion table to be loaded
		 whenever this entry answers, before running the login script.
		 If this field is blank, the conversion table stays unchanged.
       The  edit menu also shows the latest date and time when you called this
       entry and the total number of calls there, but doesn't let  you	change
       them.  They are updated automatically when you connect.

       The  moVe command lets you move the highlighted entry up or down in the
       dialing directory with the up/down arrow keys or	 the  k	 and  j	 keys.
       Press Enter or ESC to end moving the entry.

CONFIGURATION
       By pressing C-A O you will be thrown into the setup menu.

       Filenames and paths
	 This menu defines your default directories.
	 A - Download directory
	      where the downloaded files go to.
	 B - Upload directory
	      where the uploaded files are read from.
	 C - Script directory
	      Where you keep your login scripts.
	 D - Script program
	      Which  program to use as the script interpreter. Defaults to the
	      program "runscript", but if you want to use something else  (eg,
	      /bin/sh  or "expect") it is possible.  Stdin and stdout are con‐
	      nected to the modem, stderr to the screen.
	      If the path is relative (ie, does not start with a  slash)  then
	      it's  relative  to  your	home  directory, except for the script
	      interpreter.
	 E - Kermit program
	      Where to find the executable for kermit, and it's options.  Some
	      simple macro's can be used on the command line: '%l' is expanded
	      to the  complete	filename  of  the  dial	 out-device,  '%f'  is
	      expanded to the serial port file descriptor and '%b' is expanded
	      to the current serial port speed.
	 F - Logging options
	      Options to configure the logfile writing.

	      A - File name
		   Here you can enter the name of the logfile. The  file  will
		   be written in your home directory, and the default value is
		   "minicom.log".  If you  blank  the  name,  all  logging  is
		   turned off.

	      B - Log connects and hangups
		   This	 option	 defines whether or not the logfile is written
		   when the remote end answers the call or hangs up.  Or  when
		   you give the hangup command yourself or leave minicom with‐
		   out hangup while online.

	      C - Log file transfers
		   Do you want log entries of receiving and sending files.
	 The 'log' command in the scripts is not affected by logging options B
	 and  C.   It is always executed, if you just have the name of the log
	 file defined.

       File Transfer Protocols
	 Protocols defined here will show up when C-A s/r is pressed.	"Name"
	 in  the  beginning  of	 the line is the name that will show up in the
	 menu. "Program" is the	 path  to  the	protocol.  "Name"  after  that
	 defines if the program needs an argument, e.g. a file to be transmit‐
	 ted. U/D defines if this entry should show up in the  upload  or  the
	 download  menu.   Fullscr  defines  if	 the  program  should run full
	 screen, or that minicom will only show it's stderr in a  window.  IO-
	 Red  defines  if  minicom should attach the program's standard in and
	 output to the modem port or not. "Multi" tells the filename selection
	 window	 whether  or not the protocol can send multiple files with one
	 command. It has no effect on  download	 protocols,  and  it  is  also
	 ignored with upload protocols if you don't use the filename selection
	 window. The old sz and rz are not full screen, and have  IO-Red  set.
	 However,  there  are curses based versions of at least rz that do not
	 want their stdin and stdout redirected, and  run  full	 screen.   All
	 file  transfer	 protocols  are	 run with the UID of the user, and not
	 with UID=root. '%l', '%f' and '%b' can be used on the command line as
	 with kermit.  Within this menu you can also define if you want to use
	 the filename selection window when prompted for files to upload,  and
	 if  you like to be prompted for the download directory every time the
	 automatic download is started. If you leave  the  download  directory
	 prompt	 disabled,  the	 download  directory  defined  in the file and
	 directory menu is used.

       Serial port setup
	 A - Serial device
	      /dev/tty1 or /dev/ttyS1 for most people.	/dev/cua<n>  is	 still
	      possible	under  GNU/Linux,  but	no longer recommended as these
	      devices are obsolete and many systems with kernel 2.2.x or newer
	      don't  have  them.  Use /dev/ttyS<n> instead.  You may also have
	      /dev/modem as a symlink to the real device.
	      If you have modems connected to two or more  serial  ports,  you
	      may specify all of them here in a list separated by space, comma
	      or semicolon. When Minicom starts, it checks the list  until  it
	      finds  an available modem and uses that one. (However, you can't
	      specify different init strings to them... at least not yet.)
	      To use a UNIX socket for communication the device name  must  be
	      prefixed	with  "unix#" following by the full path and the file‐
	      name of the socket.  Minicom will then try to  connect  to  this
	      socket  as  a client. As long as it cannot connect to the socket
	      it stays 'offline'. As soon as the connection establishes, mini‐
	      com  goes	 'online'.  If	the  server closes the socket, minicom
	      switches to 'offline' again.
	 B - Lock file location
	      On most systems This should be /usr/spool/uucp.  GNU/Linux  sys‐
	      tems  use	 /var/lock.  If this directory does not exist, minicom
	      will not attempt to use lockfiles.
	 C - Callin program
	      If you have a uugetty or something on your serial port, it could
	      be  that	you  want  a program to be run to switch the modem cq.
	      port into dialin/dialout mode. This is the program to  get  into
	      dialin mode.
	 D - Callout program
	      And this to get into dialout mode.
	 E - Bps/Par/Bits
	      Default parameters at startup.

	 If  one  of the entries is left blank, it will not be used. So if you
	 don't care about locking, and don't have  a  getty  running  on  your
	 modemline, entries B - D should be left blank.

       Modem and Dialing
	 Here,	the  parameters for your modem are defined. I will not explain
	 this further because the defaults are for generic Hayes  modems,  and
	 should	 work  always.	This file is not a Hayes tutorial :-) The only
	 things worth noticing are that control characters can be sent by pre‐
	 fixing	 them  with a '^', in which '^^' means '^' itself, and the '\'
	 character must also be doubled as '\\',  because  backslash  is  used
	 specially in the macro definitions.  Some options however, don't have
	 much to do with the modem but more  with  the	behaviour  of  minicom
	 itself:
	 M - Dial time
	      The  number of seconds before minicom times out if no connection
	      is established.
	 N - Delay before redial
	      Minicom will redial if no connection  was	 made,	but  it	 first
	      waits some time.
	 O - Number of tries
	      Maximum number of times that minicom attempts to dial.
	 P - Drop DTR time
	      If  you  set this to 0, minicom hangs up by sending a Hayes-type
	      hangup sequence. If you specify a	 non-zero  value,  the	hangup
	      will  be	done by dropping the DTR line. The value tells in sec‐
	      onds how long DTR will be kept down.
	 Q - Auto bps detect
	      If this is on, minicom tries to match the dialed party's	speed.
	      With  most  modern modems this is NOT desirable, since the modem
	      buffers the data and converts the speed.
	 R - Modem has DCD line
	      If your modem, and your O/S both support the DCD line (that goes
	      'high'  when a connection is made) minicom will use it. When you
	      have this option on, minicom will also NOT start	dialing	 while
	      you are already online.
	 S - Status line shows DTE speed / line speed
	      You can toggle the status line to show either the DTE speed (the
	      speed which minicom uses to communicate with your modem) or  the
	      line speed (the speed that your modem uses on the line to commu‐
	      nicate with the other modem). Notice that	 the  line  speed  may
	      change  during  the  connection, but you will still only see the
	      initial speed that the modems started the connection with.  This
	      is  because  the	modem doesn't tell the program if the speed is
	      changed. Also, to see the line speed, you need to have the modem
	      set  to  show it in the connect string.  Otherwise you will only
	      see 0 as the line speed.
	 T - Multi-line untag
	      You can toggle the feature to untag  entries  from  the  dialing
	      directory	 when a connection is established to a multi-line BBS.
	      All the tagged entries that have the same name are untagged.

	    Note that a special exception is made for this  menu:  every  user
	    can	 change	 all  parameters  here,	 but  some of them will not be
	    saved.

       Screen and keyboard
	 A - Command key is
	      the 'Hot Key' that brings you into command mode. If this is  set
	      to  'ALT'	 or 'meta key', you can directly call commands by alt-
	      key instead of HotKey-key.
	 B - Backspace key sends
	      There still are some systems that	 want  a  VT100	 to  send  DEL
	      instead  of  BS. With this option you can enable that stupidity.
	      (Eh, it's even on by default...)
	 C - Status line is
	      Enabled or disabled. Some slow terminals (for example,  X-termi‐
	      nals)  cause  the	 status	 line  to  jump	 "up  and  down"  when
	      scrolling, so you can turn it off if desired. It will  still  be
	      shown in command-mode.
	 D - Alarm sound
	      If  turned on, minicom will sound an alarm (on the console only)
	      after a successful connection and when  up/downloading  is  com‐
	      plete.
	 E - Foreground Color (menu)
	      indicates	 the foreground color to use for all the configuration
	      windows in minicom.
	 F - Background Color (menu)
	      indicates the background color to use for all the	 configuration
	      windows  in minicom. Note that minicom will not allow you to set
	      foreground and background colors to the same value.
	 G - Foreground Color (term)
	      indicates the foreground color to use in the terminal window.
	 H - Background Color (term)
	      indicates the background color to use in	the  terminal  window.
	      Note that minicom will not allow you to set foreground and back‐
	      ground colors to the same value.
	 I - Foreground Color (stat)
	      indicates the foreground color to use in for the status bar.
	 J - Background Color (stat)
	      indicates the color to use in for	 the  status  bar.  Note  that
	      minicom  will  allow  you to set the status bar's foreground and
	      background colors to the same value. This will effectively  make
	      the  status  bar	invisible  but	if  these are your intentions,
	      please see the option
	 K - History buffer size
	      The  number  of  lines  to  keep	in  the	 history  buffer  (for
	      backscrolling).
	 L - Macros file
	      is the full path to the file that holds macros. Macros allow you
	      to define a string to be sent when you press a certain  key.  In
	      minicom, you may define F1 through F10 to send up to 256 charac‐
	      ters [this is set at compile time]. The filename you specify  is
	      verified	as  soon  as you hit ENTER. If you do not have permis‐
	      sions to create the specified file, an  error  message  will  so
	      indicate	and you will be forced to re-edit the filename. If you
	      are permitted to create the file, minicom checks to  see	if  it
	      already exists. If so, it assumes it's a macro file and reads it
	      in. If it isn't, well, it's your problem :-) If  the  file  does
	      not exist, the filename is accepted.
	 M - Edit Macros
	      opens  up	 a  new window which allows you to edit the F1 through
	      F10 macros.
	 N - Macros enabled
	      - Yes or No. If macros are disabled, the F1-F10 keys  will  just
	      send the VT100/VT220 function key escape sequences.
	 O - Character conversion
	      The  active  conversion table filename is shown here. If you can
	      see no name, no conversion is active. Pressing O, you  will  see
	      the conversion table edit menu.

	      Edit Macros
		 Here,	the  macros for F1 through F10 are defined. The bottom
		 of the window shows a legend of character  combinations  that
		 have  special	meaning.  They allow you to enter special con‐
		 trol characters with plain text by prefixing them with a '^',
		 in which '^^' means '^' itself. You can send a 1 second delay
		 with the '^~' code. This is useful when  you  are  trying  to
		 login	after  ftp'ing	or telnet'ing somewhere.  You can also
		 include your current username and  password  from  the	 phone
		 directory  in the macros with '\u' and '\p', respectively. If
		 you need the backslash character in the macro, write it  dou‐
		 bled  as  '\\'.  To edit a macro, press the number (or letter
		 for F10) and you will be moved to the end of the macro.  When
		 editing the line, you may use the left & right arrows, Home &
		 End keys, Delete & BackSpace, and ESC and RETURN.   ESC  can‐
		 cels any changes made while ENTER accepts the changes.

	      Character conversion
		 Here  you can edit the character conversion table. If you are
		 not an American, you know that in many	 languages  there  are
		 characters  that are not included in the ASCII character set,
		 and in the old times they may have replaced some less	impor‐
		 tant  characters  in ASCII and now they are often represented
		 with character codes above 127. AND there are various differ‐
		 ent  ways  to represent them. This is where you may edit con‐
		 version tables for systems that use a character set different
		 from the one on your computer.

	      A - Load table
		   You	probably  guessed  it. This command loads a table from
		   the disk.  You are asked a file name for the table.	Prede‐
		   fined  tables  .mciso, .mcpc8 and .mcsf7 should be included
		   with the program. Table .mciso does no  conversion,	.mcpc8
		   is  to  be  used  for connections with systems that use the
		   8-bit pc character set, and	.mcsf7	is  for	 compatibility
		   with	 the  systems  that  uses the good old 7-bit coding to
		   replace the characters {|}[]\ with the diacritical  charac‐
		   ters used in Finnish and Swedish.

	      B - Save table
		   This	 one  saves the active table on the filename you spec‐
		   ify.

	      C - edit char
		   This is where you can make your own	modifications  to  the
		   existing  table.   First  you are asked the character value
		   (in decimal) whose conversion  you  want  to	 change.  Next
		   you'll  say	which character you want to see on your screen
		   when that character comes from the outside world. And  then
		   you'll be asked what you want to be sent out when you enter
		   that character from your keyboard.

	      D - next screen

	      E - prev screen
		   Yeah, you probably noticed that this screen shows you  what
		   kind	 of  conversions  are active. The screen just is (usu‐
		   ally) too small to show the whole table at once in an easy-
		   to-understand  format. This is how you can scroll the table
		   left and right.

	      F - convert capture
		   Toggles whether or not the character	 conversion  table  is
		   used when writing the capture file.

       Save setup as dfl
	 Save  the  parameters as the default for the next time the program is
	 started. Instead of dfl, any other parameter name may appear, depend‐
	 ing on which one was used when the program was started.

       Save setup as..
	 Save the parameters under a special name. Whenever Minicom is started
	 with this name as an argument, it will	 use  these  parameters.  This
	 option is of course privileged to root.

       Exit
	 Escape	 from  this  menu  without saving.  This can also be done with
	 ESC.

       Exit from minicom
	 Only root will see this menu entry, if he/she	started	 minicom  with
	 the '-s' option. This way, it is possible to change the configuration
	 without actually running minicom.

STATUS LINE
       The status line has several indicators, that speak for themselves.  The
       mysterious  APP	or NOR indicator probably needs explanation. The VT100
       cursor keys can be in two modes: applications  mode  and	 cursor	 mode.
       This  is	 controlled by an escape sequence. If you find that the cursor
       keys do not work in, say, vi when you're logged in using	 minicom  then
       you can see with this indicator whether the cursor keys are in applica‐
       tions or cursor mode. You can toggle the two with the C-A I key. If the
       cursor  keys  then  work, it's probably an error in the remote system's
       termcap initialization strings (is).

LOCALES
       Minicom has support for local languages. This means you can change most
       of  the	English messages and other strings to another language by set‐
       ting the environment variable LANG.

MISC
       If minicom is hung, kill it with SIGTERM . (This	 means	kill  -15,  or
       since  sigterm  is  default,  just plain "kill <minicompid>". This will
       cause a graceful exit of minicom, doing resets and everything.  You may
       kill  minicom  from  a  script  with the command "! killall -9 minicom"
       without hanging up the line. Without the -9  parameter,	minicom	 first
       hangs up before exiting.

       Since  a	 lot of escape sequences begin with ESC (Arrow up is ESC [ A),
       Minicom does not know if the escape character it gets is	 you  pressing
       the escape key, or part of a sequence.

       An  old version of Minicom, V1.2, solved this in a rather crude way: to
       get the escape key, you had to press it twice.

       As of release 1.3 this has bettered a little: now a 1-second timeout is
       builtin, like in vi. For systems that have the select() system call the
       timeout is 0.5 seconds. And... surprise: a special Linux-dependent hack
       :-)  was	 added.	 Now,  minicom can separate the escape key and escape-
       sequences. To see how dirty this was done, look into wkeys.c.   But  it
       works like a charm!

FILES
       Minicom	keeps  it's  configuration  files  in  one  directory, usually
       /var/lib/minicom, /usr/local/etc or /etc.  To  find  out	 what  default
       directory  minicom  has	compiled  in,  issue  the  command minicom -h.
       You'll probably also find the demo  files  for  runscript(1),  and  the
       examples	 of  character conversion tables either there or in the subdi‐
       rectories of /usr/doc/minicom*. The conversion tables are  named	 some‐
       thing  like  mc.*  in that directory, but you probably want to copy the
       ones you need in your home directory as something beginning with a dot.

       minirc.*
       $HOME/.minirc.*
       $HOME/.dialdir
       $HOME/minicom.log
       /usr/share/locale/*/LC_MESSAGES/minicom.mo

SEE ALSO
       runscript(1)

BUGS
       Please report any bugs to minicom-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org.	 Thank
       you!

AUTHORS
       The   original	author	 of   minicom	is   Miquel   van  Smoorenburg
       (miquels@cistron.nl).  He wrote versions up to 1.75.
       Jukka  Lahtinen	(walker@netsonic.fi,  jukkal@despammed.com)  has  been
       responsible  for	 new versions since 1.78, helped by some other people,
       including:
       filipg@paranoia.com wrote the History buffer searching to 1.79.
       Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo (acme@conectiva.com.br) did the international‐
       ization and the Brazilian Portuguese translations.
       Jim Seymour (jseymour@jimsun.LinxNet.com) wrote the multiple modem sup‐
       port and the filename selection window used since 1.80.
       Tomohiro Kubota (kubota@debian.or.jp) wrote the	Japanese  translations
       and the citation facility, and did some fixes.
       Gael Queri (gqueri@mail.dotcom.fr) wrote the French translations.
       Arkadiusz Miskiewicz (misiek@pld.org.pl) wrote the Polish translations.
       Kim Soyoung (nexti@chollian.net) wrote the Korean translations.
       Jork  Loeser (jork.loeser@inf.tu-dresden.de) provided the socket exten‐
       sion.

       Most of this man page is copied, with corrections,  from	 the  original
       minicom	README,	 but some pieces and the corrections are by Michael K.
       Johnson.

       Jukka Lahtinen (walker@netsonic.fi) has added some information  of  the
       changes made after version 1.75.

User's Manual			   July 2013			    MINICOM(1)
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