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mksf(1M)							      mksf(1M)

NAME
       mksf - make a special (device) file

SYNOPSIS
       class | driver) | instance | hw_path} directory] [driver-options] [spe‐
	      cial-file]

       class | driver) | instance | hw_path} directory] minor special-file

DESCRIPTION
       The command makes a special file in the devices directory, normally for
       an existing device, a device that has already been assigned an instance
       number by the system.  The device is specified by supplying some combi‐
       nation  of  the	and  options.  If the options specified match a unique
       device in the system, creates a special file for	 that  device;	other‐
       wise, prints an error message and exits.	 If required, creates any sub‐
       directories relative to the  device  installation  directory  that  are
       defined for the resulting special file.

       For most drivers, has a set of built-in driver options, driver-options,
       and special file naming conventions.  By supplying some subset  of  the
       driver  options, as in the first form above, the user can create a spe‐
       cial file with a particular set of characteristics.  If a  special-file
       name  is	 specified,  creates  the  special file with that special file
       name; otherwise, the default naming convention for the driver is used.

       In the second form, the minor number and special-file name are  explic‐
       itly  specified.	  When is not used, the special file must be specified
       with the absolute path.	In this case, if any other path other than the
       absolute path is specified, the path is treated relative to the default
       devices directory.  This form is used to make  a	 special  file	for  a
       driver  without	using the built-in driver options in The option speci‐
       fies that should make a character (raw)	device	file  instead  of  the
       default block device file for drivers that support both.

   Options
       recognizes the following options:

	      Match a device that belongs to a given device class,
			     class.   Device  classes  can  be listed with the
			     command (see  lsdev(1M)).	 This  option  is  not
			     valid  for pseudo devices.	 This option cannot be
			     used with

	      Match a device  that  is	controlled  by	the  specified	device
	      driver,
			     driver.   Device  drivers	can be listed with the
			     command (see lsdev(1M)).  This option  cannot  be
			     used with

	      Override the default device installation directory
			     and   install  the	 special  files	 in  directory
			     instead.  directory must exist;  otherwise,  dis‐
			     plays an error message and exits.	See

	      Match a device at a given hardware path,
			     hw-path.	Hardware  paths can be listed with the
			     command (see ioscan(1M)).	A hardware path speci‐
			     fies  the	addresses  of  the hardware components
			     leading to a device.  It consists of a string  of
			     numbers separated by periods such as (a card), (a
			     target address), and (a device).  If  a  hardware
			     component	is  a  bus  converter,	the  following
			     period, if any, is replaced by a slash as in  and
			     This option is not valid for pseudo devices.

	      Match a device with the specified
			     instance  number.	 Instances  can be listed with
			     the option of the command (see ioscan(1M)).  This
			     option  is	 not  valid  for pseudo devices.  This
			     option must be used with the or option.

	      Create the special file with the specified minor number
			     minor.  The format of minor is the same  as  that
			     given  in	mknod(1M)  and	mknod(5).  This option
			     cannot  be	 used  to  create  persistent  special
			     files.

	      Quiet option.  Normally,	displays  a  message as each driver is
			     processed.	 This  option  suppresses  the	driver
			     message, but not error messages.  See the option.

	      Create a character (raw) special file instead of a block special
	      file.

	      Verbose option.
			     In addition to  the  normal  processing  message,
			     display  the  name	 of each special file as it is
			     created.  See the option.

   Naming Conventions
       Some persistent special files follow a naming convention,  where	 class
       is  the	driver	class, and instance is the instance number assigned by
       the operating system to the device (see ioscan(1M)).

       Some legacy special files are named using the naming convention.	 These
       variables have the following meaning wherever they are used.

	      card	The  unique  interface card identification number from
			(see ioscan(1M)).  It is represented as a decimal num‐
			ber.

	      target	The device target number, for example the address on a
			HP-FL or SCSI bus.  It is  represented	as  a  decimal
			number with a typical range of 0 to 15.

	      device	A  address unit within a device, for example, the unit
			in a HP-FL device or the LUN in a SCSI device.	It  is
			represented  as	 a decimal number with a typical range
			of 0 to 15.

   Special Files
       The driver-specific options (driver-options) and default	 special  file
       names (special-file) are listed below.

	      Port access mode (0-2).
			     The  default  access  mode is 0 (Direct connect).
			     The access-mode meanings are:

			     ┌────────────┬────────────────┐
			     │access-mode │ Port Operation │
			     ├────────────┼────────────────┤
			     │	   0	  │ Direct connect │
			     │	   1	  │ Dial out modem │
			     │	   2	  │ Dial in modem  │
			     └────────────┴────────────────┘
	      CCITT.

	      Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS).

	      Modem dialer.  Cannot be used with

	      Line printer.  Cannot be used with

	      Multiplexer port number (0 for
			     0−1 for The default port number is 0.

	      fifo-trigger   should have a value between 0 and 3.  The follow‐
			     ing  table	 shows	the corresponding FIFO trigger
			     level for a given fifo-trigger value.

			     ┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────┐
			     │fifo-trigger │ Receive FIFO Trigger Level │
			     ├─────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
			     │	   0	   │		 1		│
			     │	   1	   │		 4		│
			     │	   2	   │		 8		│
			     │	   3	   │		 14		│
			     └─────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
	      Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).

	      xmit-limit     should have a value between 0 and 3.  The follow‐
			     ing  table shows the corresponding transmit limit
			     for a given xmit-limit value.

			     ┌───────────┬────────────────┐
			     │xmit-limit │ Transmit Limit │
			     ├───────────┼────────────────┤
			     │	  0	 │	 1	  │
			     │	  1	 │	 4	  │
			     │	  2	 │	 8	  │
			     │	  3	 │	 12	  │
			     └───────────┴────────────────┘
	      special-file   The default special  file	name  depends  on  the
			     access-mode and whether the and options are used.

			     ┌────────────┬─────┬─────┬───────────────────┐
			     │access-mode │ -i-l  │ Special File Name │
			     ├────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────────────────┤
			     │	   —	  │ no	│ yes │ ccardp0_lp	  │
			     │	   2	  │ no	│ no  │ ttydcardp0	  │
			     │	   1	  │ no	│ no  │ culcardp0	  │
			     │	   0	  │ yes │ no  │ cuacardp0	  │
			     │	   0	  │ no	│ no  │ ttycardp0	  │
			     └────────────┴─────┴─────┴───────────────────┘
	      Audio format (0-3).
			     The format meanings are:

			     ┌───────┬───────────────────────────┬────────────────────┐
			     │	     │				 │ File Name Modifier │
			     │format │	     Audio Format	 │     format-mod     │
			     ├───────┼───────────────────────────┼────────────────────┤
			     │	0    │ No change in audio format │		      │
			     │	1    │ 8-bit Mu-law		 │	   U	      │
			     │	2    │ 8-bit A-law		 │	   A	      │
			     │	3    │ 16-bit linear		 │	   L	      │
			     └───────┴───────────────────────────┴────────────────────┘
	      Output destination (0-4).
			     The output-dest should have a value between 0 and
			     4.	 The following table shows  the	 corresponding
			     output   destinations  for	 a  given  output-dest
			     value.

			     ┌────────────┬─────────────────────┬────────────────────┐
			     │		  │			│ File Name Modifier │
			     │output-dest │ Output Destinations │     output-mod     │
			     ├────────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────┤
			     │	   0	  │ All outputs		│	  B	     │
			     │	   1	  │ Headphone		│	  E	     │
			     │	   2	  │ Internal Speaker	│	  I	     │
			     │	   3	  │ No output		│	  N	     │
			     │	   4	  │ Line output		│	  L	     │
			     └────────────┴─────────────────────┴────────────────────┘
	      Raw, control access.
			     This option cannot be used	 with  either  the  or
			     options.

	      special-file   The  default  special  file  name	depends on the
			     options specified.

			     ┌───────────┬────────────────────────────────┐
			     │ Options	 │	 Special File Name	  │
			     ├───────────┼────────────────────────────────┤
			     │-r	 │ audioCtl_card		  │
			     │-f 0	 │ audio_card			  │
			     │all others │ audiooutput-modformat-mod_card │
			     └───────────┴────────────────────────────────┘
			     The optional output-mod and format-mod values are
			     given  in	the tables above.  Note the underscore
			     before card in each special file name.  Also note
			     that  for card each file will be linked to a sim‐
			     pler name without the trailing

	      Handshake mode.
			     Valid values range from 1 to 6:

			     ┌───────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┐
			     │handshake-mode │		  Handshake operation		  │
			     ├───────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────┤
			     │	    1	     │ Automatic NACK/BUSY handshaking		  │
			     │	    2	     │ Automatic BUSY only handshaking		  │
			     │	    3	     │ Bidirectional read/write			  │
			     │	    4	     │ Stream mode (NSTROBE only, no handshaking) │
			     │	    5	     │ Automatic NACK/BUSY with pulsed NSTROBE	  │
			     │	    6	     │ Automatic BUSY with pulsed NSTROBE	  │
			     └───────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┘
	      special-file   The default special file name is  for  handshake-
			     mode  and	for  all others. For SCentIf, the only
			     valid handshake value is 2 (Automatic  BUSY  only
			     handshaking).

	      fifo-trigger   should have a value between 0 and 3.  The follow‐
			     ing table shows the  corresponding	 FIFO  trigger
			     level for a given fifo-trigger value.

			     ┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────┐
			     │fifo-trigger │ Receive FIFO Trigger Level │
			     ├─────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
			     │	   0	   │		 1		│
			     │	   1	   │		 4		│
			     │	   2	   │		 8		│
			     │	   3	   │		 14		│
			     └─────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
	      Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).

	      xmit-limit     should have a value between 0 and 3.  The follow‐
			     ing table shows the corresponding transmit	 limit
			     for a given xmit-limit value.

			     ┌───────────┬────────────────┐
			     │xmit-limit │ Transmit Limit │
			     ├───────────┼────────────────┤
			     │	  0	 │	 1	  │
			     │	  1	 │	 4	  │
			     │	  2	 │	 8	  │
			     │	  3	 │	 12	  │
			     └───────────┴────────────────┘
	      special-file   The default special file name is as follows:

			     ┌──────────────────┐
			     │Special File Name │
			     ├──────────────────┤
			     │	  ttycardp0	│
			     └──────────────────┘
	      Floppy.

	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      The section number.

	      special-file   The  default special file name depends on whether
			     the and options are used:

			     ┌────┬─────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
			     │-r  │ -s	│	 Special File Name	   │
			     ├────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
			     │yes │ no	│ rdsk/ccardttargetddevice and	   │
			     │	  │	│ rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice	   │
			     │yes │ yes │ rdsk/ccardttargetddevicessection │
			     │no  │ no	│ dsk/ccardttargetddevice and	   │
			     │	  │	│ floppy/ccardttargetddevice	   │
			     │no  │ yes │ dsk/ccardttargetddevicessection  │
			     └────┴─────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      special-file   The default special file name is

	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      Create a pass through special file.

	      special-file   The default special file name is

			     The default pass through special  file  name  for
			     autochanger is

	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      The section number.

	      Create a pass through special file.

	      special-file   The  default special file name depends on whether
			     the and options are used:

			     ┌────┬─────┬─────────────────────────────┐
			     │-r  │ -s	│      Special File Name      │
			     ├────┼─────┼─────────────────────────────┤
			     │yes │ no	│ rdisk/diskinstance	      │
			     │yes │ yes │ rdisk/diskinstance_psection │
			     │no  │ no	│ disk/diskinstance	      │
			     │no  │ yes │ disk/diskinstance_psection  │
			     └────┴─────┴─────────────────────────────┘
			     The default pass through special  file  name  for
			     disk is

	      All  the	driver	specific  options can be used with this driver
	      also.

	      Create a pass through special file.

	      special-file   Put all tape  special  files  in  the  directory.
			     This  is  required	 for proper maintenance of the
			     Tape Property Table.  Device files	 located  out‐
			     side  the	directory  may	not provide consistent
			     behavior across system reboots.  The default spe‐
			     cial  file	 names are dependent on the tape drive
			     being accessed and the  options  specified.   All
			     default special files begin with See intro(7) for
			     a complete description of the default  persistent
			     special  file  naming  scheme.   The default pass
			     through special file name for tape is

	      Note that only one of or is allowed.

	      The link address (1-7).

	      Cooked keyboard.

	      The hil controller device.

	      special-file   The default special file name depends on the  and
			     options:

			     ┌───────┬───────────────────┐
			     │Option │ Special File Name │
			     ├───────┼───────────────────┤
			     │	-a   │ hil_card.address	 │
			     │	-k   │ hilkbd_card	 │
			     │	-r   │ rhil_card	 │
			     └───────┴───────────────────┘
			     Note  the underscore before card.	Also note that
			     for card each file will be linked	to  a  simpler
			     name without either or

	      Note that only one of or is allowed.

	      Ethernet protocol.

	      IEEE 802.3 protocol.

	      Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).

	      special-file   The  default special file name depends on the and
			     options:

			     ┌───────┬─────┬───────────────────┐
			     │Option │ -t  │ Special File Name │
			     ├───────┼─────┼───────────────────┤
			     │	-e   │ no  │ ethercard	       │
			     │	-e   │ yes │ diag/ethercard    │
			     │	-i   │ no  │ lancard	       │
			     │	-i   │ yes │ diag/lancard      │
			     └───────┴─────┴───────────────────┘
	      Exclusive access.

	      special-file   The default special file name depends on  whether
			     the option is used:

			     ┌────┬───────────────────┐
			     │-e  │ Special File Name │
			     ├────┼───────────────────┤
			     │no  │ lanttycard	      │
			     │yes │ diag/lanttycard   │
			     └────┴───────────────────┘
	      Capital letters.
			     Convert all output to uppercase.

	      Eject page after paper-out recovery.

	      No form-feed.

	      Old paper-out behavior (abort job).

	      Raw.

	      Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).

	      No wait.	     Don't retry errors on open.

	      special-file   The  default special file name depends on whether
			     the option is used:

			     ┌────┬─────────────────────────┐
			     │-r  │    Special File Name    │
			     ├────┼─────────────────────────┤
			     │no  │ ccardttargetddevice_lp  │
			     │yes │ ccardttargetddevice_rlp │
			     └────┴─────────────────────────┘
	      Port access mode (0-2).
			     The default access mode is	 0  (Direct  connect).
			     The access-mode meanings are:

			     ┌────────────┬────────────────┐
			     │access-mode │ Port Operation │
			     ├────────────┼────────────────┤
			     │	   0	  │ Direct connect │
			     │	   1	  │ Dial out modem │
			     │	   2	  │ Dial in modem  │
			     └────────────┴────────────────┘
	      CCITT.

	      Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS).

	      Modem dialer.  Cannot be used with

	      Line printer.  Cannot be used with

	      Multiplexer port number
			     for  and for and so on, for the or Some MUX cards
			     controlled by a particular driver have fewer than
			     the maximum supported ports.

	      Transparent mode (normally used by diagnostics).

	      special-file   The  default  special  file  name	depends on the
			     access-mode and whether the and options are used.
			     The term "card" below refers to the Instance num‐
			     ber of the mux card.

			     ┌────────────┬─────┬─────┬───────────────────┐
			     │access-mode │ -i-l  │ Special File Name │
			     ├────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────────────────┤
			     │	   —	  │ no	│ yes │ ccardpport_lp	  │
			     │	   2	  │ no	│ no  │ ttydcardpport	  │
			     │	   1	  │ no	│ no  │ culcardpport	  │
			     │	   0	  │ yes │ no  │ cuacardpport	  │
			     │	   0	  │ no	│ no  │ ttycardpport	  │
			     └────────────┴─────┴─────┴───────────────────┘
	      Note that only one of or is allowed.

	      Autosearch device.
			     An auto_device value of 0 means  first  mouse;  a
			     value of 1 means first keyboard.

	      PS2 port number.

	      special-file   The  default special file name depends on the and
			     options:

			     ┌───────┬───────────────────┐
			     │Option │ Special File Name │
			     ├───────┼───────────────────┤
			     │-a 0   │ ps2mouse		 │
			     │-a 1   │ ps2kbd		 │
			     │-p     │ ps2_port		 │
			     └───────┴───────────────────┘
			     Note the underscore before port.

	   See

	   See

	      Port access mode (0−2).
			     The default access mode is	 0.   The  access-mode
			     meanings are:

			     ┌────────────┬────────────────┐
			     │access-mode │ Port Operation │
			     ├────────────┼────────────────┤
			     │	   0	  │ Direct connect │
			     │	   1	  │ Dial out modem │
			     │	   2	  │ Dial in modem  │
			     └────────────┴────────────────┘
	      Port B.

	      CCITT.

	      Modem dialer.  Cannot be used with

	      Line printer.  Cannot be used with

	      special-file   The  default  special  file  name	depends on the
			     access-mode and whether the and options are used.

			     ┌────────────┬─────┬─────┬───────────────────┐
			     │access-mode │ -i-l  │ Special File Name │
			     ├────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────────────────┤
			     │	   —	  │ no	│ yes │ ccardpport_lp	  │
			     │	   2	  │ no	│ no  │ ttydcardpport	  │
			     │	   1	  │ no	│ no  │ culcardpport	  │
			     │	   0	  │ yes │ no  │ cuacardpport	  │
			     │	   0	  │ no	│ no  │ ttycardpport	  │
			     └────────────┴─────┴─────┴───────────────────┘
	      Note that cannot be used with

	      Ioctl; create picker control special file.

	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      special-file   The default special file name will be

	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      special-file   The default special file name will be

	      Raw; create character, not block, special file.

	      The section number.

	      special-file   The default special file name depends on  whether
			     the and options are used:

			     ┌────┬─────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
			     │-r  │ -s	│	 Special File Name	   │
			     ├────┼─────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
			     │yes │ no	│ rdsk/ccardttargetddevice	   │
			     │yes │ yes │ rdsk/ccardttargetddevicessection │
			     │no  │ no	│ dsk/ccardttargetddevice	   │
			     │no  │ yes │ dsk/ccardttargetddevicessection  │
			     └────┴─────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
	      AT&T-style rewind/close.

	      Bits per inch or tape density.
			     The recognized values for bpi are:
			     or a decimal number density code.

	      Compression with optional compression code.
			     The  optional  decimal  code  is used to select a
			     particular compression algorithm on  drives  that
			     support  more  than  one  compression  algorithm.
			     This option must be specified at the  end	of  an
			     option string.  See mt(7) for more details.

	      Exhaustive mode.
			     This  option allows the driver to experiment with
			     multiple configuration values in  an  attempt  to
			     access the media.	The default behavior is to use
			     only the configuration specified.

	      No rewind on close.

	      Partition one.

	      Fixed block size mode.
			     If a numeric block-size is given, it is used  for
			     a fixed block size.  If the option is used alone,
			     a device-specific default	fixed  block  size  is
			     used.   This  option must be specified at the end
			     of an option string.

	      UC Berkeley-style rewind/close.

	      Wait (disable immediate reporting).

	      Use the	     index value to  access  the  tape	device	driver
			     property  table  entry.   Recognized  values  for
			     index are decimal values in the range 0 to 30.

	      special-file   Put all tape  special  files  in  the  directory.
			     This  is  required	 for proper maintenance of the
			     Tape Property Table (see  mt(7)).	 Device	 files
			     located  outside  the  directory  may not provide
			     consistent behavior across system	reboots.   The
			     default  special  file names are dependent on the
			     tape drive being accessed and the options	speci‐
			     fied.   All  default special files begin with See
			     mt(7) for a complete description of  the  default
			     special file naming scheme for tapes.

	      AT&T-style rewind/close.

	      Bits per inch or tape density.
			     The recognized values for bpi are:
			     or	 a  decimal  number  density  code between the
			     range of 0 to 255.

	      Compression with optional compression code.
			     The optional decimal code is  used	 to  select  a
			     particular	 compression  algorithm on drives that
			     support  more  than  one  compression  algorithm.
			     This  option  must	 be specified at the end of an
			     option string.  See mt(7) for more details.

	      No rewind on close.

	      Console messages disabled.

	      Transparent mode, normally used by diagnostics.

	      UC Berkeley-style rewind/close.

	      Wait (disable immediate reporting).

	      Use the index value to access the tape  device  driver  property
	      table entry.
			     The  recognized values for index are decimal val‐
			     ues in the range 0 to 30.

	      RTE compatible close.

	      special-file   Put all tape  special  files  in  the  directory.
			     This  is  required	 for proper maintenance of the
			     Tape Property Table (see  mt(7)).	 Device	 files
			     located  outside  the  directory  may not provide
			     consistent behavior across system	reboots.   The
			     default  special  file names are dependent on the
			     tape drive being accessed and the options	speci‐
			     fied.   All  default special files begin with See
			     mt(7) for a complete description of  the  default
			     special file naming scheme for tapes.

   Note
       For  the	 following  drivers, persistent device special files are made:
       and

       Other than these drivers, for all other drivers, legacy device  special
       files are made.

       For interface drivers like and the default persistent special files are
       made in the directory.  These special  files  follow  a	driverinstance
       naming  convention, where driver is the driver name and instance is the
       instance number assigned by the operating system	 to  the  device  (see
       ioscan(1M)).

RETURN VALUE
       exits with one of the following values:

	      Successful completion.
	      Failure.
		     An error occurred.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Most  of	 the  diagnostic  messages  from are self-explanatory.	Listed
       below are some messages deserving further clarification.	 Errors	 cause
       to abort immediately.

   Errors
		     Matched more than one device in the system.
	      Use  some	 combination  of  the  and options to specify a unique
	      device.

		     No device in the system matched the options specified.
	      Use to list the devices in the system (see ioscan(1M)).

		     The indicated device driver or device class is not
		     present in the kernel.
	      Add  the appropriate device driver and/or device class to
	      the kernel using

		     The specified device  has	not  been  assigned  an
		     instance number.
	      Use to assign an instance to the device.

		     The
	      directory	 argument  of the option doesn't exist.	 Use to
	      create the directory (see mkdir(1)).

		     The specified device could	 not  find  the	 driver
		     that matches the
	      arguments passed.

EXAMPLES
       Make a special file named for the line printer device associated
       with instance number 2.

       Make a special file, using the default  naming  convention,  for
       the  tape  device  at  hardware path 8.4.1.  The driver-specific
       options specify 1600 bits per inch and no rewind on close.

       Make a persistent special file, using the default naming conven‐
       tion,  for  the disk device with instance number 7.  The driver-
       specific options specify the character device file.

       Make a pass through device special file, using the default  nam‐
       ing convention, for the disk device with instance number 17

       Make a pass through device special file named for the controller
       with instance number 4.

       Make a persistent special file, using the default naming conven‐
       tion, for the interface driver with instance number 6

WARNINGS
       Many  commands  and  subsystems assume their device files are in
       therefore, the use of the option is discouraged.

AUTHOR
       was developed by HP.

FILES
       I/O system special file
       Tape driver property table database

SEE ALSO
       mkdir(1),   insf(1M),   ioscan(1M),   kcmodule(1M),   lsdev(1M),
       mknod(1M),  rmsf(1M), mknod(2), ioconfig(4), mknod(5), intro(7),
       mt(7).

								      mksf(1M)
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