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msgop(2)							      msgop(2)

Name
       msgsnd, msgrcv - message operations

Syntax
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/ipc.h>
       #include <sys/msg.h>

       int msgsnd (msqid, msgp, msgsz, msgflg)
       int msqid;
       void *msgp;
       size_t msgsz;
       int msgflg;

       int msgrcv (msqid, msgp, msgsz, msgtyp, msgflg)
       int msqid;
       void *msgp;
       size_t msgsz;
       long msgtyp;
       int msgflg;

Description
       There are two message operations system calls, and

   msgsnd
       The  system call is used to send a message to the queue associated with
       the message queue identifier specified by msqid.	  The  msgp  parameter
       points  to  a structure containing the message.	This structure is com‐
       posed of the following members:
       long mtype;    /∗ message type ∗/
       char mtext[];  /∗ message text ∗/
       The mtype parameter is a positive integer  that	can  be	 used  by  the
       receiving process for message selection.	 For more information, see the
       section of this reference page.	The mtext parameter  is	 any  text  of
       length  msgsz bytes.  The msgsz parameter can range from 0 to a system-
       imposed maximum.

       The msgflg parameter specifies the action to be taken if the number  of
       bytes already on the queue is equal to msg_qbytes.  (For further infor‐
       mation, see ) The parameter also specifies what happens when the	 total
       number  of  messages  on all queues system-wide is equal to the system-
       imposed limit.

       If either of these conditions is true, and if (msgflg & IPC_NOWAIT)  is
       true,  the  message is not sent and the calling process returns immedi‐
       ately.  However, if either of the conditions  is	 true  and  (msgflg  &
       IPC_NOWAIT)  is false, the calling process suspends execution until one
       of the following occurs:

       ·    The condition responsible for the suspension no longer exists,  in
	    which case the message is sent.

       ·    The	 msqid	parameter  is  removed	from  the system.  For further
	    information, see When this occurs, errno is set  equal  to	EIDRM,
	    and a value of -1 is returned.

       ·    The	 calling  process  receives a signal that is to be caught.  In
	    this case, the message is not sent and the calling process resumes
	    execution in the manner prescribed in

       The system call fails and no message is sent under the following condi‐
       tions:

       [EINVAL]	      The msqid parameter is not a valid message queue identi‐
		      fier.

       [EACCES]	      Operation	 permission  is denied to the calling process.
		      For more information, see

       [EINVAL]	      The mtype parameter is less than 1.

       [EAGAIN]	      The message cannot be sent for one of the reasons	 cited
		      above and (msgflg & IPC_NOWAIT) is true.

       [EINVAL]	      The  msgsz  parameter  is less than zero or greater than
		      the system-imposed limit.

       [EFAULT]	      The msgp parameter points to an illegal address.

       Upon successful	completion,  the  following  actions  are  taken  with
       respect	to the data structure associated with msqid (for more informa‐
       tion, see ):

       ·    The msg_qnum is incremented by 1.

       ·    The msg_lspid is set equal	to  the	 process  ID  of  the  calling
	    process.

       ·    The msg_stime is set equal to the current time.

   msgrcv
       The system call reads a message from the queue associated with the mes‐
       sage queue identifier specified by msqid and places it in the structure
       pointed	to  by msgp.  This structure is composed of the following mem‐
       bers:

       long    mtype;	   /∗ message type ∗/
       char    mtext[];	   /∗ message text ∗/
       The mtype parameter is the received message's type, as specified by the
       sending	process.  The mtext parameter is the text of the message.  The
       msgsz parameter specifies the size, in bytes, of mtext.	 The  received
       message	is  truncated  to  msgsz  bytes if it is larger than msgsz and
       (msgflg & MSG_NOERROR) is true.	The truncated part of the  message  is
       lost  and  no  indication  of  the  truncation  is given to the calling
       process.

       The msgtyp parameter specifies the type of message requested,  as  fol‐
       lows:

       ·    If	msgtyp	is  equal  to  0,  the	first  message on the queue is
	    received.

       ·    If msgtyp is greater than 0, the first message of type  msgtyp  is
	    received.

       ·    If	msgtyp	is  less  than 0, the first message of the lowest type
	    that is less than or equal to the  absolute	 value	of  msgtyp  is
	    received.

       The  msgflg  parameter specifies the action to be taken if a message of
       the desired type is not on the queue.  These specified actions  are  as
       follows:

       ·    If	(msgflg	 &  IPC_NOWAIT)	 is  true, the calling process returns
	    immediately with a value of -1 and errno set to ENOMSG.

       ·    If (msgflg & IPC_NOWAIT) is false, the  calling  process  suspends
	    execution until one of the following occurs:

	    -	 A message of the desired type is placed on the queue.

	    -	 The  msqid  parameter	is removed from the system.  When this
		 occurs, errno is set equal to EIDRM, and a  value  of	-1  is
		 returned.

	    -	 The  calling  process receives a signal that is to be caught.
		 In this case, a message  is  not  received  and  the  calling
		 process resumes execution in the manner prescribed in

       The  system  call  fails and no message is received under the following
       conditions:

       [EINVAL]	      The msqid parameter is not a valid message queue identi‐
		      fier.

       [EACCES]	      Operation permission is denied to the calling process.

       [EINVAL]	      The msgsz parameter is less than 0.

       [E2BIG]	      The  mtext parameter is greater than msgsz and (msgflg &
		      MSG_NOERROR) is false.

       [ENOMSG]	      The queue does not contain a message of the desired type
		      and (msgtyp & IPC_NOWAIT) is true.

       [EFAULT]	      The msgp parameter points to an illegal address.

       Upon  successful	 completion,  the  following  actions  are  taken with
       respect to the data structure associated with msqid:

       ·    The msg_qnum is decremented by 1.

       ·    The msg_lrpid is set equal	to  the	 process  ID  of  the  calling
	    process.

       ·    The msg_rtime is set equal to the current time.

Return Values
       If  the	or system calls return due to the receipt of a signal, a value
       of -1 is returned to the calling process, and errno is  set  to	EINTR.
       If  they	 return due to removal of msqid from the system, a value of -1
       is returned, and errno is set to EIDRM.

       Upon successful completion, the return value is as follows:

       ·    The system call returns a value of 0.

       ·    The system call returns a value equal to the number of bytes actu‐
	    ally placed into mtext.

       Otherwise,  a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the
       error.

See Also
       errno(2), intro(2), msgctl(2), msgget(2), signal(3)

								      msgop(2)
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