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netpbm(1)							     netpbm(1)

NAME
       netpbm - package of graphics manipulation programs and libraries

DESCRIPTION
       Netpbm is a package of graphics programs and programming libraries.

       There are over 220 separate programs in the package, most of which have
       "pbm", "pgm", "ppm", or "pnm" in their names.   For  example,  pnmscale
       and giftopnm.

       For  example, you might use pnmscale to shrink an image by 10%.	Or use
       pnmcomp to overlay one image on top of another.	Or use pbmtext to cre‐
       ate  an image of text.  Or reduce the number of colors in an image with
       pnmquant.

The Netpbm Formats
       All of the programs work with a set  of	graphics  formats  called  the
       "netpbm"	 formats.   Specifically,  these  formats  are pbm(5), pgm(5),
       ppm(5), and pam(5).  The first  three  of  these	 are  sometimes	 known
       generically  as pnm.  Many of the Netpbm programs convert from a Netpbm
       format to another format or vice versa.	This is so  you	 can  use  the
       Netpbm  programs	 to work on graphics of any format.  It is also common
       to use a combination of Netpbm programs to convert from one  non-Netpbm
       format to another non-Netpbm format.  Netpbm has converters for over 80
       graphics formats, and as a package Netpbm lets  you  do	more  graphics
       format conversions than any other computer graphics facility.

       The  Netpbm formats are all raster formats, i.e. they describe an image
       as a matrix of rows and columns of pixels.  In the PBM format, the pix‐
       els are black and white.	 In the PGM format, pixels are shades of gray.
       In the PPM format, the pixels are in full color.	  The  PAM  format  is
       more  sophisticated.  A replacement for all three of the other formats,
       it can represent matrices of general data including but not limited  to
       black and white, grayscale, and color images.

       Programs	 designed  to  work with PBM images have "pbm" in their names.
       Programs designed to work with PGM, PPM, and PAM images similarly  have
       "pgm", "ppm", and "pam" in their names.

       All  Netpbm  programs  designed to read PGM images see PBM images as if
       they were PGM too.  All Netpbm programs designed to read PPM images see
       PGM  and PBM images as if they were PPM.	 See the section "Implied For‐
       mat Conversion" below.

       Programs that have "pnm" in their names read  PBM,  PGM,	 and  PPM  but
       unlike "ppm" programs, they distinguish between them and their function
       depends on the format.  For example, pnmtogif creates a black and white
       GIF  output  image  if  its input is PBM or PGM, but a color GIF output
       image if its input is PPM.  And pnmscale produces an  output  image  of
       the  same format as the input.  A ppmscale program would read all three
       PNM input formats, but would see them all as PPM and would always  gen‐
       erate PPM output.

       If  it  seems  wasteful	to  you to have three separate PNM formats, be
       aware that there is a historical reason	for  it.   In  the  beginning,
       there were only PBMs.  PGMs came later, and then PPMs.  Much later came
       PAM, which realizes the possibility of having just one  aggregate  for‐
       mat.

       The  formats are described in the man pages pbm(5), pgm(5), ppm(5), and
       pam(5),

Implied Format Conversion
       A program that uses the PGM library to read an image  can  read	a  PBM
       image  as well as a PGM image.  The program sees the PBM image as if it
       were the equivalent PGM image, with a maxval of 255.

       A program that uses the PPM library to read an image  can  read	a  PGM
       image  as  well	as a PPM image and a PBM image as well as a PGM image.
       The program sees the PBM or PGM image as if it were the equivalent  PPM
       image,  with a maxval of 255 in the PBM case and the same maxval as the
       PGM in the PGM case.

Netpbm and Transparency
       In many graphics format, there's a means	 of  indicating	 that  certain
       parts of the image are wholly or partially transparent, meaning that if
       it were displayed "over" another image,	the  other  image  would  show
       through there.  Netpbm formats deliberately omit that capability, since
       their purpose is to be extremely simple.

       In Netpbm, you handle transparency via a transparency mask in  a	 sepa‐
       rate  (slightly	redefined)  PGM image.	In this pseudo-PGM, what would
       normally be a pixel's intensity is instead it an opaqueness value.  See
       pgm(5).	 pnmcomp  is  an  example  of a program that uses a PGM trans‐
       parency mask.

The Netpbm Programs
       The Netpbm programs are generally useful run by a person from a command
       shell,  but are also designed to be used by programs.  A common charac‐
       teristic of Netpbm programs is that they are simple, fundamental build‐
       ing  blocks.  They are most powerful when stacked in pipelines.	Netpbm
       programs do not use graphical user interfaces (in fact,	none  of  them
       display	graphics  at  all, except for a very simple Linux Svgalib dis‐
       player) and do not seek input from a user.

       Each of these programs has its own man page.

Common Options
       There are a few options that are present on all programs that are based
       on  the	Netpbm	libraries,  including  virtually  all Netpbm programs.
       These are not mentioned in the individual man pages for the programs.

       -quiet Suppress all informational  messages  that  would	 otherwise  be
	      issued  to  Standard  Error.  (To be precise, this only works to
	      the extent that the program in question  implements  the	Netpbm
	      convention of issuing all informational messages via the pm_mes‐
	      sage() service of the Netpbm libraries).

       -version
	      Instead of doing anything else, report the version of the libpbm
	      library  linked with the program (it may have been linked stati‐
	      cally into the program, or  dynamically  linked  at  run	time).
	      Normally, the Netpbm programs and the libraries are installed at
	      the same time, so this tells you the version of the program  and
	      all the other Netpbm libraries and files it uses as well.

	      Here  is	a  directory of the Netpbm programs.  You can also use
	      man -k to search for a program that does what you want.

   Converters
       ppmtompeg
	      convert series of PPM frames to an MPEG movie

       jpegtopnm
	      convert JFIF/JPEG/EXIF file to Netpbm format

       pnmtojpeg
	      convert PPM to JPEG/JFIF/EXIF format

       anytopnm
	      convert any graphics format to Netpbm format

       bmptoppm
	      convert Windows or OS/2 Bitmap file to PPM

       ppmtobmp
	      convert PPM to Windows or OS/2 Bitmap file

       winicontoppm
	      convert Windows icon file to PPM

       ppmtowinicon
	      convert PPM to Windows icon file

       giftopnm
	      convert GIF to portable anymap

       ppmtogif
	      convert PPM to GIF

       pnmtopng
	      convert Netpbm format to Portable Network Graphics

       pngtopnm
	      convert PNG (Portable Network Graphics) to Netpbm formats

       palmtopnm
	      convert Palm pixmap to Netpbm formats

       pnmtopalm
	      convert Netpbm formats to Palm pixmap

       jbigtopbm
	      convert JBIG BIE (compressed bitmap) to PBM

       pamtopnm
	      convert a PAM image to PBM, PGM, or PPM

       pbmtojbig
	      convert PBM to JBIG BIE (compressed bitmap)

       pnmtofiasco
	      convert Netpbm image to Fiasco (wfa) highly compressed format

       fiascotopnm
	      convert Fiasco (wfa) highly compressed format to Netpbm image

       hpcdtoppm
	      convert photo CD to PPM

       pbmtonokia
	      convert PBM to Nokia Smart Messaging Format (SMF)

       pbmtowbmp
	      convert PBM to WAP (Wireless App Protocol) Wireless Bitmap

       wbmptopbm
	      convert WAP (Wireless App Protocol) Wireless Bitmap to PBM

       neotoppm
	      convert Atari Neochrome (.neo) image to PPM

       ppmtoneo
	      convert PPM image to Atari Neochrome (.neo)

       pbmtomda
	      convert from PBM to Microdesign (for Amstrad PCWs)

       mdatopbm
	      convert from Microdesign (for Amstrad PCWs) to PBM

       atktopbm
	      convert Andrew Toolkit raster object to PBM

       pbmtoatk
	      convert PBM to Andrew Toolkit raster object

       brushtopbm
	      convert Xerox doodle brushes to PBM

       cmuwmtopbm
	      convert CMU window manager format to PBM

       g3topbm
	      convert Group 3 FAX to PBM

       pbmtog3
	      convert PBM to Group 3 FAX

       icontopbm
	      convert Sun icon to PBM

       pbmtoicon
	      convert PBM to Sun icon

       gemtopnm
	      convert GEM .img format to PBM or pixmap

       macptopbm
	      convert MacPaint to PBM

       pbmtomacp
	      convert PBM to MacPaint

       mgrtopbm
	      convert MGR format to PBM

       pbmtomgr
	      convert PBM to MGR format

       pi3topbm
	      convert Atari Degas .pi3 to PBM

       pbmtopi3
	      convert PBM to Atari Degas .pi3

       xbmtopbm
	      convert X10 or X11 bitmap to PBM

       pbmtoxbm
	      convert PBM to X11 bitmap

       pbmtox10bm
	      convert PBM to X10 bitmap

       ybmtopbm
	      convert Bennet Yee "face" file into PBM

       pbmtoybm
	      convert PBM into Bennet Yee "face" file

       pbmto10x
	      convert PBM to Gemini 10x printer graphics

       pbmtoascii
	      convert PBM to ASCII graphic form

       asciitopgm
	      convert ASCII character graphics to PGM

       pbmtobbnbg
	      convert PBM to BBN BitGraph graphics

       pbmtocmuwm
	      convert PBM to CMU window manager format

       pbmtoepson
	      convert PBM to Epson printer graphics

       pbmtogem
	      convert PBM into GEM .img file

       pbmtogo
	      convert PBM to GraphOn graphics

       pbmtolj
	      convert PBM to HP LaserJet black and white graphics

       ppmtolj
	      convert PPM to HP LaserJet color graphics (PCL)

       pjtoppm
	      convert HP PaintJet file to PPM

       ppmtopj
	      convert PPM to HP PaintJet file

       thinkjettopbm
	      convert HP Thinkjet printer stream to PBM

       pbmtoplot
	      convert PBM into Unix plot(5) file

       pbmtoptx
	      convert PBM to Printronix graphics

       pbmtozinc
	      convert PBM to Zinc Interface Library icon

       fitstopnm
	      convert FITS format to portable anymap

       pnmtofits
	      convert Netpbm formats to FITS format

       fstopgm
	      convert Usenix FaceSaver(tm) format to PGM

       pgmtofs
	      convert PGM to Usenix FaceSaver(tm) format

       hipstopgm
	      convert HIPS format to PGM

       lispmtopgm
	      convert a Lisp Machine bitmap file into PGM format

       pgmtolispm
	      convert PGM into Lisp Machine format

       pnmtops
	      convert Netpbm formats to Postscript

       pstopnm
	      convert Postscript to Netpbm formats

       psidtopgm
	      convert PostScript "image" data to PGM

       pbmtolps
	      convert PBM image to Postscript using lines

       pbmtoepsi
	      convert a PBM image to encapsulated Postscript preview bitmap

       pbmtopsg3
	      convert PBM images to Postscript using G3 fax compression.

       rawtopgm
	      convert raw grayscale bytes to PGM

       pgmtopbm
	      convert PGM to PBM

       gouldtoppm
	      convert Gould scanner file to PPM

       ilbmtoppm
	      convert IFF ILBM to PPM

       ppmtoilbm
	      convert PPM to IFF ILBM

       imgtoppm
	      convert Img-whatnot to PPM

       mtvtoppm
	      convert MTV ray-tracer output to PPM

       pcxtoppm
	      convert PC Paintbrush format to PPM

       pgmtoppm
	      colorize a portable graymap into a PPM

       pi1toppm
	      convert Atari Degas .pi1 to PPM

       ppmtopi1
	      convert PPM to Atari Degas .pi1

       picttoppm
	      convert Macintosh PICT to PPM

       ppmtopict
	      convert PPM to Macintosh PICT

       qrttoppm
	      convert QRT ray-tracer output to PPM

       rawtoppm
	      convert raw RGB bytes to PPM

       sldtoppm
	      convert an AutoCAD slide file into a PPM

       spctoppm
	      convert Atari compressed Spectrum to PPM

       sputoppm
	      convert Atari uncompressed Spectrum to PPM

       tgatoppm
	      convert TrueVision Targa file to PPM

       ppmtotga
	      convert PPM to TrueVision Targa file

       ximtoppm
	      convert Xim to PPM

       xpmtoppm
	      convert XPM format to PPM

       ppmtoxpm
	      convert PPM to XPM format

       yuvtoppm
	      convert Abekas YUV format to PPM

       eyuvtoppm
	      convert Encoder/Berkeley YUV format to PPM

       ppmtoeyuv
	      convert PPM to Encoder/Berkeley YUV format

       ppmtoyuv
	      convert PPM to Abekas YUV format

       ppmtoyuvsplit
	      convert PPM to 3 subsampled raw YUV files

       yuvsplittoppm
	      merge 3 subsampled raw YUV files to one PPM

       ppmtoacad
	      convert PPM to AutoCAD database or slide

       ppmtoicr
	      convert PPM to NCSA ICR graphics

       ppmtopcx
	      convert PPM to PC Paintbrush format

       ppmtopgm
	      convert PPM to portable graymap

       ppmtopuzz
	      convert PPM to X11 "puzzle" file

       rasttopnm
	      convert Sun raster file to Netpbm formats

       pnmtorast
	      convert Netpbm formats to Sun raster file

       tifftopnm
	      convert TIFF file to portable anymap

       pnmtotiff
	      convert Netpbm formats to TIFF RGB file

       pnmtotiffcmyk
	      convert Netpbm formats to TIFF CMYK file

       xwdtopnm
	      convert X10 or X11 window dump to Netpbm formats

       pnmtoxwd
	      convert Netpbm formats to X11 window dump

       pnmtoplainpnm
	      convert regular Netpbm format image into plain Netpbm format

       pbmtopgm
	      convert PBM file to PGM by averaging areas

       411toppm
	      convert 411 (Sony Mavica) to PPM

       ppmtosixel
	      convert PPM to DEC sixel format

       ppmtouil
	      convert PPM to Motif UIL icon file

       sbigtopgm
	      convert Santa Barbara Instrument Group CCD file to PGM

       vidtoppm
	      convert Parallax XVideo JPEG to sequence of PPM files

       pnmtorle
	      convert PNM to Utah Raster Toolkit (urt/rle) file

       rletopnm
	      convert Utah Raster Toolkit (urt/rle) file to PNM

       ppmtoleaf
	      convert PPM to Interleaf

       leaftoppm
	      convert Interleaf to PPM

       bioradtopgm
	      convert Biorad confocal image to PGM

       pbmtoln03
	      convert PGM image to Dec LN03+ Sixel image

       pbmtopk
	      convert PBM image to packed format (PK) font

       pktopbm
	      convert packed format (PK) font to PBM image

   Image Generators
       All of these generate Netpbm format output.

       pbmmake
	      create a blank PBM image of a specified size

       ppmmake
	      create a PPM image of a specified size and color

       pgmramp
	      generate a grayscale ramp

       ppmpat create a pretty PPM image

       ppmrainbow
	      create a spectrum-like image with colors fading together.

       pgmnoise
	      create a PGM image of white noise

       pbmtext
	      render text into a PBM image

       pbmupc create a Universal Product Code PBM image

       ppmcie generate a CIE color map PPM image

       pbmpage
	      create a printer test pattern page in PBM format

       ppmcolors
	      create a color map (PPM image) containing all possible colors of
	      given maxval

   Image Editors
       All of these work on the Netpbm formats

       ppmlabel
	      Add text to an image

       pnmshadow
	      add a shadow to an image so it looks like it's floating

       ppmbrighten
	      brighten or dim an image -- change saturation and value

       ppmdim dim an image - different way from ppmbrighten

       pbmreduce
	      reduce a PBM N times, using Floyd-Steinberg

       pgmnorm
	      normalize contrast in a PGM image

       ppmnorm
	      normalize contrast in a PPM image

       pbmpscale
	      enlarge a PBM image with edge smoothing

       pnmscale
	      scale an image with high precision

       pnmscalefixed
	      scale an image quickly with low precision

       pnmenlarge
	      enlarge an image N times

       ppmdither
	      ordered dither for color images

       pnmcolormap
	      Choose  the  N  best colors to represent an image; create a col‐
	      ormap

       pnmremap
	      Replace colors in an image with those from a color map

       ppmquant
	      quantize colors in a color image down to fewer colors

       pnmquant
	      quantize colors/shades in a color or  grayscale  image  down  to
	      fewer

       ppmquantall
	      quantize colors on many files

       ppmrelief
	      run a Laplacian Relief filter on a PPM

       pnmarith
	      perform arithmetic on two images

       pnmcat concatenate images

       pnmpad add borders to an image

       pnmcomp
	      create composite (overlay) of images

       ppmmix mix (overlay) two images.

       pnmcrop
	      crop all like-colored borders off an image

       pamcut select a rectangular region from an image

       pnmcut obsolete version of pamcut (kept because it may have fewer bugs)

       pamdice
	      slice an image into many horizontally and/or vertically

       pamdeinterlace
	      remove every other row from an image

       pamchannel
	      extract a single plane (channel, e.g. R, G, or B) from an image

       pnmdepth
	      change the maxval in an image

       pnmflip
	      perform one or more flip operations on an image

       pamstretch
	      scale up an image by inserting interpolated pixels

       pamstretch-gen
	      scale by non-integer values using pamstretch and pnmscale

       pnminvert
	      invert an image

       pnmgamma
	      perform gamma correction on an image

       pnmhisteq
	      histogram equalize image to increase contrast

       pnmmargin
	      add a margin to an image

       pnmpaste
	      paste a rectangle into an image

       pnmrotate
	      rotate an image

       pnmshear
	      shear an image

       pnmsmooth
	      smooth am image

       pnmtile
	      replicate an image into a specified size

       pbmclean
	      remove lone pixels (snow) from a PBM image

       pnmalias
	      antialias an image

       ppmchange
	      change all of one color to another in PPM image

       pnmnlfilt
	      filter  an  image	 by  replacing	each  pixel with a function of
	      nearby pixels

       ppmshift
	      shift lines of PPM image left or right a random amount

       ppmspread
	      move pixels of PPM image a random amount

       pnmconvol
	      general MxN convolution on an image

       rgb3toppm
	      combine three portable graymaps into one PPM

       ppmtorgb3
	      separate a PPM into three portable graymaps

       pbmlife
	      apply Conway's rules of Life to a PBM image

       ppmdist
	      map colors to high contrast grayscales arbitrarily

       ppmntsc
	      adjust colors so they are legal for NTSC or PAL television

   Image Analyzers
       These all work on the Netpbm formats as input.

       pnmfile
	      describe an image's vital characteristics

       pnmpsnr
	      measure difference between two images

       pgmedge
	      edge-detect a PGM image

       pgmenhance
	      edge-enhance a PGM image

       pgmslice
	      print grayscale values for a row or column of a PGM image

       pgmtexture
	      calculate textural features on a PGM image

       pgmhist
	      print a histogram of the values in a PGM image

       ppmhist
	      print a histogram of a PPM

       pnmhistmap
	      draw a histogram of a PGM or PPM

       ppmtomap
	      generate a map of all colors in an image

       ppm3d  generate a blue/green 3D glasses image from two images

   Miscellaneous
       ppmsvgalib
	      display a PPM image on a Linux virtual console using Svgalib

       pbmmask
	      create a mask bitmap from a regular bitmap

       ppmcolormask
	      create mask of areas of a certain color in an image

       pnmsplit
	      split a multi-image Netpbm file into multiple 1-image files

       pnmindex
	      build a visual index of a bunch of Netpbm images

       pcdindex
	      build a visual index of a photo CD from PCD overview file

       pnmmontage
	      build multiple Netpbm images into a single montage image

       pgmbentley
	      Bentleyize a PGM image

       pgmcrater
	      create cratered terrain by fractal forgery

       pamoil turn a PNM or PAM image into an oil painting

       ppmforge
	      fractal forgeries of clouds, planets, and starry skies

       pgmkernel
	      generate a convolution kernel

       ppmtv  Make an image lined so it looks like an old TV

       pbmto4425
	      Display PBM image on AT&T 4425 ASCII terminal with gfx chars

   Uncatalogued As Yet
       pnmtoddif

       pnmtosgi

       pnmtosir

       ppmflash

       ppmqvga

       ppmtomitsu

       ppmtopjxl

       sgitopnm

       sirtopnm

       spottopgm

       xvminitoppm

       zeisstopnm

The Netpbm Libraries
       The Netpbm programming libraries, libpbm(3), libpgm(3), libppm(3),  and
       libpnm(3),  make	 it  easy  to  write  programs that manipulate graphic
       images.	Their main function is to read and write files in  the	Netpbm
       format,	and because the Netpbm package contains converters for all the
       popular graphics formats, if your program reads and writes  the	Netpbm
       formats, you can use it with any formats.

       But  the libraries also contain some utility functions, such as charac‐
       ter drawing and RGB/YCrCb conversion.

       The libraries have the conventional C linkage.  Virtually all  programs
       in the Netpbm package are based on the Netpbm libraries.

   Application Notes
       As  a  collection of primitive tools, the power of Netpbm is multiplied
       by the power of all the other unix tools you can use with them.	 These
       notes  remind  you  of some of the more useful ways to do this.	Often,
       when people want to add high level functions to the Netpbm tools,  they
       have  overlooked	 some  existing tool that, in combination with Netpbm,
       already does it.

       Often, you need to apply some conversion or edit to a  whole  bunch  of
       files.

       As  a  rule, Netpbm programs take one input file and produce one output
       file, usually on Standard Output.  This is for flexibility,  since  you
       so often have to pipeline many tools together.

       Here  is an example of a shell command to convert all your of PNG files
       (named *.png) to JPEG files named *.jpg:

       for i in *.png; do pngtopnm $i |	 ppmtojpeg  >`basename	$i  .png`.jpg;
       done

       Or  you	might just generate a stream of individual shell commands, one
       per file, with awk or perl.  Here's how to brighten 30 YUV images  that
       make up one second of a movie, keeping the images in the same files:

       ls *.yuv .br | perl -ne 'chomp;
       print yuvtoppm $_ | ppmbrighten -v 100 | ppmtoyuv >tmp$$.yuv; ,
       mv tmp$$.yuv $_0
       ' .br | sh

       The  tools  find	 (with the -exec option) and xargs are also useful for
       simple manipulation of groups of files.

       Some shells' "process substitution" facility  can  help	where  a  non-
       Netpbm  program	expects	 you to identify a disk file for input and you
       want it to use the result of  a	Netpbm	manipulation.	Say  printcmyk
       takes  the filename of a Tiff CMYK file as input and what you have is a
       PNG file abc.png.  Try:

       printcmyk <({ pngtopnm abc.png | pnmtotiffcmyk ; })

       It works in the other direction too, if you have a program  that	 makes
       you name its output file and you want the output to go through a Netpbm
       tool.

   Other Graphics Software
       Netpbm contains primitive building blocks.  It certainly is not a  com‐
       plete graphics library.

       The  first  thing  you will need to make use of any of these tools is a
       viewer.	 For  the  X  inclined,	 there	is  xzgv.    See   ftp://meta‐
       lab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/X.

       xloadimage  and	its  extension	xli  are also common ways to display a
       graphic image in X.

       ImageMagick is like a visual version of	Netpbm.	  Using	 the  X/Window
       system  on  Unix, you can do basic editing of images and lots of format
       conversions.  The package does include at least some non-visual	tools.
       Convert,	 Mogrify,  Montage,  and Animate are popular programs from the
       ImageMagick package.  ImageMagick runs on Unix,	Windows,  Windows  NT,
       Macintosh, and VMS.

       The  Gimp is a visual image editor for Unix and X, in the same category
       as the more famous, less capable, and much more expensive Adobe	Photo‐
       shop, etc. for Windows.	See http://www.gimp.org.

       The file program looks at a file and tells you what kind of file it is.
       It recognizes most of the graphics formats with which Netpbm deals,  so
       it  is  pretty  handy  for  graphics  work.   Netpbm's anytopnm program
       depends on file.	 See ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file.

       The Utah Raster Toolkit serves a lot of the same purpose as Netpbm, but
       without	the  emphasis on format conversions.  This package is based on
       the RLE format, which you can convert to and from the  Netpbm  formats.
       http://www.cs.utah.edu/research/projects/alpha1/urt.html	  gives	  some
       information on the Utah Raster Toolkit, but does not tell where to  get
       it.

       There  are some Netpbm-like graphics tools distributed by the Army High
       Performance Computing Research  Center  at  http://www.arc.umn.edu/gvl-
       software/media-tools.html.  These operate directly on non-Netpbm format
       images, so they aren't included in the Netpbm  package.	 However,  you
       can  use them with any image format by using the Netpbm format convert‐
       ers.

       Ivtools is a suite of free X Windows drawing  editors  for  Postscript,
       Tex,  and web graphics production, as well as an embeddable and extend‐
       able vector  graphic  shell.   It  uses	the  Netpbm  facilities.   See
       http://www.ivtools.org.

       Ilib  is	 a  C  subroutine library with functions for adding text to an
       image (as you might do at a higher level with pbmtext, pnmcomp,	etc.).
       It    works    with    Netpbm   input   and   output.	Find   it   at
       http://www.radix.net/~cknudsen/Ilib.  Netpbm  also  includes  character
       drawing	functions in the libppm library, but they do not have as fancy
       font capabilities (see ppmlabel for an example of  use  of  the	Netpbm
       character drawing functions).

       GD  is  a  library  of graphics routines that is part of PHP.  It has a
       subset of Netpbm's functions and has been found to resize  images  more
       slowly and with less quality.

       pnm2ppa	converts  to  HP's  "Winprinter" format (for HP 710, 720, 820,
       1000, etc).  It	is  a  superset	 of  Netpbm's  pbmtoppa	 and  handles,
       notably, color.	However, it is more of a printer driver than a Netpbm-
       style  primitive	  graphics   building	block.	  See	http://source‐
       forge.net/project/?group_id=1322.

       The  program morph morphs one image into another.  It uses Targa format
       images, but you can use tgatoppm and ppmtotga to deal with that format.
       You  have  to  use the graphical (X/Tk) Xmorph to create the mesh files
       that you must feed to morph.  morph is part of the Xmorph package.  See
       http://www.colorado-research.com/~gourlay/software/Graphics/Xmorph.

       To  create  an animated GIF, or extract a frame from one, use gifsicle.
       gifsicle converts between animated GIF and still GIF, and you  can  use
       ppmtogif	 and  giftopnm to connect up to all the Netpbm utilities.  See
       http://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle.

       To convert an image of text to text (optical  character	recongition  -
       OCR), use gocr (think of it as an inverse of pbmtext).  See http://alt‐
       mark.nat.uni-magdeburg.de/~jschulen/ocr/.

       http://schaik.com/pngsuite contains a PNG test suite -- a  whole	 bunch
       of PNG images exploiting the various features of the PNG format.

       Another	     version	   of	    pnmtopng/pngtopnm	    is	    at
       http://www.schaik.com/png/pnmtopng.html.	 The  version  in  Netpbm  was
       actually	 based	on that package a long time ago, and you can expect to
       find better exploitation of the PNG format, especially recent  enhance‐
       ments,  in  that	 package.  It may be a little less consistent with the
       Netpbm project and less exploitive of  recent  Netpbm  format  enhance‐
       ments, though.

       jpegtran Does some of the same transformations as Netpbm is famous for,
       but does them specifically on JPEG files and does them without loss  of
       information.   By  contrast, if you were to use Netpbm, you would first
       decompress the JPEG image to Netpbm format, then transform  the	image,
       then  compress it back to JPEG format.  In that recompression, you lose
       a little image information because JPEG is a lossy compression.	 jpeg‐
       tran  comes with the Independent Jpeg Group's (http://www.ijg.org) JPEG
       library.

       Some tools to deal with EXIF files (see	also  Netpbm's	jpegtopnm  and
       pnmtojpeg):    To   dump	  (interpret)	an   EXIF   header:   Exifdump
       ((http://topo.math.u-psud.fr/~bousch/exifdump.py)       or	 Jhead
       (http://www.sentex.net/~mwandel/jhead).

       A Python EXIF library and dumper:  http://pyexif.sourceforge.net.

       Latex2html  converts  Latex  document  source  to HTML document source.
       Part of that involves graphics, and Latex2html uses  Netpbm  tools  for
       some  of	 that.	But Latex2html through its history has had some rather
       esoteric codependencies with Netpbm.   Older  Latex2html	 doesn't  work
       with current Netpbm.  Latex2html-99.2beta8 works, though.

   Other Graphics Formats
       People never seem to tire of inventing new graphics formats, often com‐
       pletely redundant with pre-existing ones.  Netpbm cannot keep  up  with
       them.   Here  is	 a  list  of a few that we know Netpbm does not handle
       (yet).

	 CAL (originated by US Department Of Defense, favored by  architects).
       http://www.landfield.com/faqs/graphics/fileformats-faq/part3/sec‐
       tion-24.html

	 array formats dx, general, netcdf, CDF, hdf, cm

	 CGM+

	 Windows Meta File (.WMF).  Libwmf converts from WMF  to  things  like
       Latex, PDF, PNG.	 Some of these can be input to Netpbm.

	 Microsoft  Word,  RTF.	  Microsoft  keeps a proprietary hold on these
       formats.	 Any software you see that can handle them is likely  to  cost
       money.

	 DXF (AutoCAD)

HISTORY
       Netpbm  has a long history, starting with Jef Poskanzer's Pbmplus pack‐
       age in 1988.  The file HISTORY in the Netpbm  source  code  contains  a
       historical overview as well as a detailed history release by release.

AUTHOR
       Netpbm is based on the Pbmplus package by Jef Poskanzer, first distrib‐
       uted in 1988 and maintained by him until 1991.  But  the	 package  con‐
       tains work by countless other authors, added since Jef's original work.
       In fact, the name is derived from the fact that the work	 was  contrib‐
       uted  by people all over the world via the Internet, when such collabo‐
       ration was still novel enough to merit naming the package after it.

       Bryan Henderson has been maintaining Netpbm since 1999.	In addition to
       packaging  work	by others, Bryan has also written a significant amount
       of new material for the package.

								     netpbm(1)
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