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pad(3NCURSES)							 pad(3NCURSES)

NAME
       newpad, subpad, prefresh, pnoutrefresh, pechochar, pecho_wchar - create
       and display curses pads

SYNOPSIS
       #include <curses.h>

       WINDOW *newpad(int nlines, int ncols);
       WINDOW *subpad(WINDOW *orig, int nlines, int ncols,
	     int begin_y, int begin_x);
       int prefresh(WINDOW *pad, int pminrow, int pmincol,
	     int sminrow, int smincol, int smaxrow, int smaxcol);
       int pnoutrefresh(WINDOW *pad, int pminrow, int pmincol,
	     int sminrow, int smincol, int smaxrow, int smaxcol);
       int pechochar(WINDOW *pad, chtype ch);
       int pecho_wchar(WINDOW *pad, const cchar_t *wch);

DESCRIPTION
       The newpad routine creates and returns a pointer	 to  a	new  pad  data
       structure  with	the given number of lines, nlines, and columns, ncols.
       A pad is like a window, except that it is not restricted by the	screen
       size,  and  is not necessarily associated with a particular part of the
       screen.	Pads can be used when a large window is	 needed,  and  only  a
       part  of	 the  window will be on the screen at one time.	 Automatic re‐
       freshes of pads (e.g., from scrolling or echoing of input) do  not  oc‐
       cur.   It  is not legal to call wrefresh with a pad as an argument; the
       routines prefresh or pnoutrefresh should be called instead.  Note  that
       these routines require additional parameters to specify the part of the
       pad to be displayed and the location on the screen to be used  for  the
       display.

       The  subpad routine creates and returns a pointer to a subwindow within
       a pad with the given number of lines, nlines, and columns, ncols.   Un‐
       like  subwin,  which uses screen coordinates, the window is at position
       (begin_x, begin_y) on the pad.  The window is made in the middle of the
       window  orig,  so  that changes made to one window affect both windows.
       During the use of this routine, it will	often  be  necessary  to  call
       touchwin or touchline on orig before calling prefresh.

       The  prefresh  and  pnoutrefresh routines are analogous to wrefresh and
       wnoutrefresh except that they relate to pads instead of	windows.   The
       additional  parameters  are needed to indicate what part of the pad and
       screen are involved.  The pminrow and pmincol  parameters  specify  the
       upper  left-hand	 corner	 of  the rectangle to be displayed in the pad.
       The sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, and smaxcol parameters specify the edges
       of  the	rectangle to be displayed on the screen.  The lower right-hand
       corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad is  calculated  from
       the  screen  coordinates,  since	 the rectangles must be the same size.
       Both rectangles must be	entirely  contained  within  their  respective
       structures.   Negative  values of pminrow, pmincol, sminrow, or smincol
       are treated as if they were zero.

       The pechochar routine is functionally equivalent to  a  call  to	 addch
       followed	 by  a call to refresh, a call to waddch followed by a call to
       wrefresh, or a call to waddch followed by  a  call  to  prefresh.   The
       knowledge  that	only  a single character is being output is taken into
       consideration and, for non-control characters, a	 considerable  perfor‐
       mance  gain  might  be  seen  by	 using these routines instead of their
       equivalents.  In the case of pechochar, the last location of the pad on
       the screen is reused for the arguments to prefresh.

       The  pecho_wchar	 function  is the analogous wide-character form of pe‐
       chochar.	 It outputs one character to a pad and	immediately  refreshes
       the pad.	 It does this by a call to wadd_wch followed by a call to pre‐
       fresh.

RETURN VALUE
       Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure	and  OK	 (SVr4
       only  specifies "an integer value other than ERR") upon successful com‐
       pletion.

       Routines that return pointers return NULL on error, and	set  errno  to
       ENOMEM.

       X/Open does not define any error conditions.  In this implementation

	      prefresh and pnoutrefresh
		   return  an  error  if the window pointer is null, or if the
		   window is not really a pad or if the area  to  refresh  ex‐
		   tends  off-screen or if the minimum coordinates are greater
		   than the maximum.

	      pechochar
		   returns an error if the window is not really a pad, and the
		   associated call to wechochar returns an error.

	      pecho_wchar
		   returns an error if the window is not really a pad, and the
		   associated call to wecho_wchar returns an error.

NOTES
       Note that pechochar may be a macro.

PORTABILITY
       The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions.

SEE ALSO
       ncurses(3NCURSES), refresh(3NCURSES), touch(3NCURSES), addch(3NCURSES).

								 pad(3NCURSES)
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