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PERLCLIB(1)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLCLIB(1)

NAME
     perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library
     functions

DESCRIPTION
     One thing Perl porters should note is that perl doesn't tend
     to use that much of the C standard library internally;
     you'll see very little use of, for example, the ctype.h
     functions in there. This is because Perl tends to reimple-
     ment or abstract standard library functions, so that we know
     exactly how they're going to operate.

     This is a reference card for people who are familiar with
     the C library and who want to do things the Perl way; to
     tell them which functions they ought to use instead of the
     more normal C functions.

     Conventions

     In the following tables:

     "t"
	is a type.

     "p"
	is a pointer.

     "n"
	is a number.

     "s"
	is a string.

     "sv", "av", "hv", etc. represent variables of their respec-
     tive types.

     File Operations

     Instead of the stdio.h functions, you should use the Perl
     abstraction layer. Instead of "FILE*" types, you need to be
     handling "PerlIO*" types.	Don't forget that with the new
     PerlIO layered I/O abstraction "FILE*" types may not even be
     available. See also the "perlapio" documentation for more
     information about the following functions:

	 Instead Of:		     Use:

	 stdin			     PerlIO_stdin()
	 stdout			     PerlIO_stdout()
	 stderr			     PerlIO_stderr()

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PERLCLIB(1)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLCLIB(1)

	 fopen(fn, mode)	     PerlIO_open(fn, mode)
	 freopen(fn, mode, stream)   PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Deprecated)
	 fflush(stream)		     PerlIO_flush(perlio)
	 fclose(stream)		     PerlIO_close(perlio)

     File Input and Output

	 Instead Of:		     Use:

	 fprintf(stream, fmt, ...)   PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...)

	 [f]getc(stream)	     PerlIO_getc(perlio)
	 [f]putc(stream, n)	     PerlIO_putc(perlio, n)
	 ungetc(n, stream)	     PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n)

     Note that the PerlIO equivalents of "fread" and "fwrite" are
     slightly different from their C library counterparts:

	 fread(p, size, n, stream)   PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes)
	 fwrite(p, size, n, stream)  PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes)

	 fputs(s, stream)	     PerlIO_puts(perlio, s)

     There is no equivalent to "fgets"; one should use "sv_gets"
     instead:

	 fgets(s, n, stream)	     sv_gets(sv, perlio, append)

     File Positioning

	 Instead Of:		     Use:

	 feof(stream)		     PerlIO_eof(perlio)
	 fseek(stream, n, whence)    PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence)
	 rewind(stream)		     PerlIO_rewind(perlio)

	 fgetpos(stream, p)	     PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv)
	 fsetpos(stream, p)	     PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv)

	 ferror(stream)		     PerlIO_error(perlio)
	 clearerr(stream)	     PerlIO_clearerr(perlio)

     Memory Management and String Handling

	 Instead Of:			     Use:

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	 t* p = malloc(n)		     Newx(id, p, n, t)
	 t* p = calloc(n, s)		     Newxz(id, p, n, t)
	 p = realloc(p, n)		     Renew(p, n, t)
	 memcpy(dst, src, n)		     Copy(src, dst, n, t)
	 memmove(dst, src, n)		     Move(src, dst, n, t)
	 memcpy/*(struct foo *)		     StructCopy(src, dst, t)
	 memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t))	     Zero(dst, n, t)
	 memzero(dst, 0)		     Zero(dst, n, char)
	 free(p)			     Safefree(p)

	 strdup(p)		     savepv(p)
	 strndup(p, n)		     savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't exist!)

	 strstr(big, little)	     instr(big, little)
	 strcmp(s1, s2)		     strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2) / strGT(s1,s2)
	 strncmp(s1, s2, n)	     strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n)

     Notice the different order of arguments to "Copy" and "Move"
     than used in "memcpy" and "memmove".

     Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs
     internally instead of raw "char *" strings:

	 strlen(s)		     sv_len(sv)
	 strcpy(dt, src)	     sv_setpv(sv, s)
	 strncpy(dt, src, n)	     sv_setpvn(sv, s, n)
	 strcat(dt, src)	     sv_catpv(sv, s)
	 strncat(dt, src)	     sv_catpvn(sv, s)
	 sprintf(s, fmt, ...)	     sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...)

     Note also the existence of "sv_catpvf" and "sv_vcatpvfn",
     combining concatenation with formatting.

     Sometimes instead of zeroing the allocated heap by using
     Newxz() you should consider "poisoning" the data.	This
     means writing a bit pattern into it that should be illegal
     as pointers (and floating point numbers), and also hopefully
     surprising enough as integers, so that any code attempting
     to use the data without forethought will break sooner rather
     than later.  Poisoning can be done using the Poison() macro,
     which has similar arguments as Zero():

	 Poison(dst, n, t)

     Character Class Tests

     There are two types of character class tests that Perl
     implements: one type deals in "char"s and are thus not
     Unicode aware (and hence deprecated unless you know you
     should use them) and the other type deal in "UV"s and know
     about Unicode properties. In the following table, "c" is a
     "char", and "u" is a Unicode codepoint.

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PERLCLIB(1)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLCLIB(1)

	 Instead Of:		     Use:	     But better use:

	 isalnum(c)		     isALNUM(c)	     isALNUM_uni(u)
	 isalpha(c)		     isALPHA(c)	     isALPHA_uni(u)
	 iscntrl(c)		     isCNTRL(c)	     isCNTRL_uni(u)
	 isdigit(c)		     isDIGIT(c)	     isDIGIT_uni(u)
	 isgraph(c)		     isGRAPH(c)	     isGRAPH_uni(u)
	 islower(c)		     isLOWER(c)	     isLOWER_uni(u)
	 isprint(c)		     isPRINT(c)	     isPRINT_uni(u)
	 ispunct(c)		     isPUNCT(c)	     isPUNCT_uni(u)
	 isspace(c)		     isSPACE(c)	     isSPACE_uni(u)
	 isupper(c)		     isUPPER(c)	     isUPPER_uni(u)
	 isxdigit(c)		     isXDIGIT(c)     isXDIGIT_uni(u)

	 tolower(c)		     toLOWER(c)	     toLOWER_uni(u)
	 toupper(c)		     toUPPER(c)	     toUPPER_uni(u)

     stdlib.h functions

	 Instead Of:		     Use:

	 atof(s)		     Atof(s)
	 atol(s)		     Atol(s)
	 strtod(s, *p)		     Nothing.  Just don't use it.
	 strtol(s, *p, n)	     Strtol(s, *p, n)
	 strtoul(s, *p, n)	     Strtoul(s, *p, n)

     Notice also the "grok_bin", "grok_hex", and "grok_oct" func-
     tions in numeric.c for converting strings representing
     numbers in the respective bases into "NV"s.

     In theory "Strtol" and "Strtoul" may not be defined if the
     machine perl is built on doesn't actually have strtol and
     strtoul. But as those 2 functions are part of the 1989 ANSI
     C spec we suspect you'll find them everywhere by now.

	 int rand()		     double Drand01()
	 srand(n)		     { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n);
				       PL_srand_called = TRUE; }

	 exit(n)		     my_exit(n)
	 system(s)		     Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen

	 getenv(s)		     PerlEnv_getenv(s)
	 setenv(s, val)		     my_putenv(s, val)

     Miscellaneous functions

     You should not even want to use setjmp.h functions, but if
     you think you do, use the "JMPENV" stack in scope.h instead.

perl v5.8.8		   2006-06-30				4

PERLCLIB(1)	Perl Programmers Reference Guide      PERLCLIB(1)

     For "signal"/"sigaction", use "rsignal(signo, handler)".

SEE ALSO
     "perlapi", "perlapio", "perlguts"

perl v5.8.8		   2006-06-30				5

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