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PERLDIAG(1)							   PERLDIAG(1)

NAME
       perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION
       These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
       desperation):

	   (W) A warning (optional).
	   (D) A deprecation (optional).
	   (S) A severe warning (mandatory).
	   (F) A fatal error (trappable).
	   (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
	   (X) A very fatal error (non-trappable).

       Optional warnings are enabled by using the -w switch.  Warnings may be
       captured by setting $^Q to a reference to a routine that will be called
       on each warning instead of printing it.	See the perlvar manpage.
       Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator.	 See the eval
       entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Some of these messages are generic.  Spots that vary are denoted with a
       %s, just as in a printf format.	Note that some message start with a
       %s!  The symbols "%-?@ sort before the letters, while [ and \ sort
       after.

       "my" variable %s can't be in a package
	   (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
	   make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
	   front.  Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.

       "no" not allowed in expression
	   (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
	   and returns no useful value.	 See the perlmod manpage.

       "use" not allowed in expression
	   (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
	   and returns no useful value.	 See the perlmod manpage.

       % may only be used in unpack
	   (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, since the
	   checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
	   way.	 See the unpack entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       %s (...) interpreted as function
	   (W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
	   followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
	   operators arguments found inside the parens.	 See the section on
	   Terms and List Operators (Leftward) in the perlop manpage.

       %s argument is not a HASH element
	   (F) The argument to delete() or exists() must be a hash element,
	   such as

	       $foo{$bar}
	       $ref->[12]->{"susie"}

       %s did not return a true value
	   (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
	   that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
	   correctly.  It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
	   any true value would do.  See the require entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       %s found where operator expected
	   (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
	   If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see
	   an operator, it gives you this warning.  Usually it indicates that
	   an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.

       %s had compilation errors.
	   (F) The final summary message when a perl -c fails.

       %s has too many errors.
	   (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
	   errors.  Further error messages would likely be uninformative.

       %s matches null string many times
	   (W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
	   regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that.  See
	   the perlre manpage.

       %s never introduced
	   (S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
	   scope before it could possibly have been used.

       %s syntax OK
	   (F) The final summary message when a perl -c succeeds.

       -P not allowed for setuid/setgid script
	   (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by
	   name, which provides a race condition that breaks security.

       -T and -B not implemented on filehandles
	   (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
	   doesn't know about your kind of stdio.  You'll have to use a
	   filename instead.

       ?+* follows nothing in regexp
	   (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier.  Backslash
	   it if you meant it literally.   See the perlre manpage.

       @ outside of string
	   (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolution position
	   outside the string being unpacked.  See the pack entry in the
	   perlfunc manpage.

       accept() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket.  Did you forget
	   to check the return value of your socket() call?  See the accept
	   entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Allocation too large: %lx
	   (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MSDOS machine.

       Arg too short for msgsnd
	   (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).

       Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
	   (W)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way you
	   thought.  Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
	   a missing quote, operator, paren pair or declaration.

       Args must match #! line
	   (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was
	   invoked with match the arguments specified on the #! line.

       Argument "%s" isn't numeric
	   (W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator that
	   expected a numeric value instead.  If you're fortunate the message
	   will identify which operator was so unfortunate.

       Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
	   (D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
	   spots.  This is now heavily deprecated.

       assertion botched: %s
	   (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
	   failure.

       Assertion failed: file "%s"
	   (P) A general assertion failed.  The file in question must be
	   examined.

       Assignment to both a list and a scalar
	   (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
	   arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists.  Otherwise
	   Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.

       Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
	   (P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas that
	   will be garbage collected on exit.  An SV was discovered to be
	   outside any of those arenas.

       Attempt to free temp prematurely
	   (W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the free_tmps()
	   routine.  This indicates that something else is freeing the SV
	   before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
	   free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it
	   does try to free it.

       Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
	   (P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.

       Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
	   (W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to see
	   if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
	   earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
	   freed.  This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
	   times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
	   SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
	   been corrupted.

       Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
	   (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
	   semctl() or shmctl().  In C parlance, the correct sized are,
	   respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *)
	   and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).

       Bad associative array
	   (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.

       Bad filehandle: %s
	   (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
	   symbol has no filehandle associated with it.	 Perhaps you didn't do
	   an open(), or did it in another package.

       Bad free() ignored
	   (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
	   been malloc()ed in the first place.

       Bad name after %s::
	   (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
	   then didn't finish the symbol.  In particular, you can't
	   interpolate outside of quotes, so

	       $var = 'myvar';
	       $sym = mypack::$var;

	   is not the same as

	       $var = 'myvar';
	       $sym = "mypack::$var";

       Bad symbol for array
	   (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
	   that wasn't a symbol table entry.

       Bad symbol for filehandle
	   (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
	   something that wasn't a symbol table entry.

       Bad symbol for hash
	   (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
	   wasn't a symbol table entry.

       BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
	   (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
	   subroutine.	Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
	   exited.

       bind() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket.  Did you forget to
	   check the return value of your socket() call?  See the bind entry
	   in the perlfunc manpage.

       Callback called exit
	   (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via
	   perl_call_sv() exited by calling exit.

       Can't "last" outside a block
	   (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
	   block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
	   isn't a current block.  Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
	   count as a "loopish" block.	You can usually double the curlies to
	   get the same effect though, since the inner curlies will be
	   considered a block that loops once.	See the last entry in the
	   perlfunc manpage.

       Can't "next" outside a block
	   (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
	   but there isn't a current block.  Note that an "if" or "else" block
	   doesn't count as a "loopish" block.	You can usually double the
	   curlies to get the same effect though, since the inner curlies will
	   be considered a block that loops once.  See the last entry in the
	   perlfunc manpage.

       Can't "redo" outside a block
	   (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
	   but there isn't a current block.  Note that an "if" or "else" block
	   doesn't count as a "loopish" block.	You can usually double the
	   curlies to get the same effect though, since the inner curlies will
	   be considered a block that loops once.  See the last entry in the
	   perlfunc manpage.

       Can't bless non-reference value
	   (F) Only hard references may be blessed.  This is how Perl
	   "enforces" encapsulation of objects.	 See the perlobj manpage.

       Can't break at that line
	   (S) A warning intended for while running within the debugger,
	   indicating the line number specified wasn't the location of a
	   statement that could be stopped at.

       Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
	   (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
	   package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have
	   ANYTHING defined in it, let alone methods.  See the perlobj
	   manpage.

       Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
	   (F) A method call must know what package it's supposed to run in.
	   It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
	   but you didn't supply an object reference in this case.  A
	   reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed.  See
	   the perlobj manpage.

       Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
	   (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
	   the object reference or package name contains an expression that
	   returns neither an object reference nor a package name.  (Perhaps
	   it's null?)	Something like this will reproduce the error:

	       $BADREF = undef;
	       process $BADREF 1,2,3;
	       $BADREF->process(1,2,3);

       Can't chdir to %s
	   (F) You called perl -x/foo/bar, but /foo/bar is not a directory
	   that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.

       Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
	   (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
	   (type GLOB), can't be forced to stop being what they are.  So you
	   can't say things like:

	       *foo += 1;

	   You CAN say

	       $foo = *foo;
	       $foo += 1;

	   but then $foo no longer contains a glob.

       Can't coerce %s to number in %s
	   (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
	   (type GLOB), can't be forced to stop being what they are.

       Can't coerce %s to string in %s
	   (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
	   (type GLOB), can't be forced to stop being what they are.

       Can't create pipe mailbox
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The process is suffering from
	   exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.

       Can't declare %s in my
	   (F) Only scalar, array and hash variables may be declared as
	   lexical variables.  They must have ordinary identifiers as names.

       Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
	   (S) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated reason.

       Can't do inplace edit without backup
	   (F) You're on a system such as MSDOS that gets confused if you try
	   reading from a deleted (but still opened) file.  You have to say
	   -i.bak, or some such.

       Can't do inplace edit: %s > 14 characters
	   (S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a backup name
	   for the file.

       Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
	   (S) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such as a
	   file in /dev, or a FIFO.  The file was ignored.

       Can't do setegid!
	   (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid
	   emulator of suidperl.

       Can't do seteuid!
	   (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.

       Can't do setuid
	   (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl
	   to do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it.  It looks for a name
	   of the form sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl
	   executable resides under the name perl5.000, typically
	   /usr/local/bin on Unix machines.  If the file is there, check the
	   execute permissions.	 If it isn't, ask your sysadmin why he and/or
	   she removed it.

       Can't do waitpid with flags
	   (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
	   waitpid() without flags is emulated.

       Can't do {n,m} with n > m
	   (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima.  If you really
	   want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.  See the
	   perlre manpage.

       Can't emulate -%s on #! line
	   (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
	   point.  For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
	   line.

       Can't exec "%s": %s
	   (W) An system(), exec() or piped open call could not execute the
	   named program for the indicated reason.  Typical reasons include:
	   the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
	   $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for another
	   architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter
	   that can't be run for similar reasons.  (Or maybe your system
	   doesn't support #! at all.)

       Can't exec %s
	   (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
	   because that's what the #! line said.  If that's not what you
	   wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.

       Can't execute %s
	   (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
	   found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.

       Can't find label %s
	   (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
	   it's possible for us to go to.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
	   (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines.  This message
	   means that the closing delimiter was omitted.  Since bracketed
	   quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
	   parenthesis:

	       print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.)

       Can't fork
	   (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
	   pipeline.

       Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
	   (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  This arises because of the
	   difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
	   Perl assumes.  Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
	   rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
	   protections can be taken into account.  Unfortunately, Perl assumes
	   that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
	   passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access checking routine.
	   It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
	   present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
	   a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, since the device name
	   is overwritten with each call.  If this warning appears, the name
	   lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up and returned
	   FALSE, just to be conservative.  (Note: The access checking routine
	   knows about the Perl stat operator and file tests, so you shouldn't
	   ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises only
	   if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)

       Can't get pipe mailbox device name
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  After creating a mailbox to act as a
	   pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.

       Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
	   your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.

       Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
	   (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
	   subroutine call for another.	 It can't manufacture one out of whole
	   cloth.  In general you should only be calling it out of an AUTOLOAD
	   routine anyway.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't localize lexical variable %s
	   (F) You used local on a variable name that was previous declared as
	   a lexical variable using "my".  This is not allowed.	 If you want
	   to localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with
	   the package name.

       Can't locate %s in @INC
	   (F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that couldn't be
	   found in any of the libraries mentioned in @INC.  Perhaps you need
	   to set the PERL5LIB environment variable to say where the extra
	   library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name to
	   @INC.  Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file.  See the
	   require entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
	   (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
	   package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
	   that particular method, nor does any of it's base classes.  See the
	   perlobj manpage.

       Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
	   (W) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
	   doesn't seem to exist.

       Can't mktemp()
	   (F) The mktemp() routine failed for some reason while trying to
	   process a -e switch.	 Maybe your /tmp partition is full, or
	   clobbered.

       Can't modify %s in %s
	   (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
	   otherwise try to change it, such as with an autoincrement.

       Can't modify non-existent substring
	   (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
	   handed a NULL.

       Can't msgrcv to readonly var
	   (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable in order to be used
	   as a receive buffer.

       Can't open %s: %s
	   (S) An inplace edit couldn't open the original file for the
	   indicated reason.  Usually this is because you don't have read
	   permission for the file.

       Can't open bidirectional pipe
	   (W) You tried to say open(CMD, "⎪cmd⎪"), which is not supported.
	   You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this,
	   such as "open2.pl".	Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a
	   file using ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.

       Can't open error file %s as stderr
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
	   redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
	   '2>>' on the command line for writing.

       Can't open input file %s as stdin
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
	   redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
	   command line for reading.

       Can't open output file %s as stdout
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
	   redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
	   on the command line for writing.

       Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
	   redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
	   destined for stdout.

       Can't open perl script "%s": %s
	   (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
	   reason.

       Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
	   (S) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,
	   probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.

       Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
	   tried to reopen it to accept binary data.  Alas, it failed.

       Can't reswap uid and euid
	   (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid
	   emulator of suidperl.

       Can't return outside a subroutine
	   (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
	   where there was no subroutine call to return out of.	 See the
	   perlsub manpage.

       Can't stat script "%s"
	   (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
	   have it open already.  Bizarre.

       Can't swap uid and euid
	   (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid
	   emulator of suidperl.

       Can't take log of %g
	   (F) Logarithms are only defined on positive real numbers.

       Can't take sqrt of %g
	   (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
	   negative number.  There's a Complex package available for Perl,
	   though, if you really want to do that.

       Can't undef active subroutine
	   (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running.  You
	   can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
	   undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
	   Go figure.

       Can't unshift
	   (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted,
	   such as the main Perl stack.

       Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
	   (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
	   it into a more specialized kind of SV.  The top several SV types
	   are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
	   This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.

       Can't upgrade to undef
	   (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme
	   of upgradability.  Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the
	   code calling sv_upgrade.

       Can't use %s for loop variable
	   (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on
	   a foreach.

       Can't use %s ref as %s ref
	   (F) You've mixed up your reference types.  You have to dereference
	   a reference of the type needed.  You can use the ref() function to
	   test the type of the reference, if need be.

       Can't use \1 to mean $1 in expression
	   (W) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
	   creates a reference to its argument.	 The use of backslash to
	   indicate a backreference to a matched substring is only valid as
	   part of a regular expression pattern.  Trying to do this in
	   ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
	   SCALAR(0xdecaf).  Use the $1 form instead.

       Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
	   (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs".  Symbolic
	   references are disallowed.  See the perlref manpage.

       Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
	   (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
	   must be a defined value.  This helps to de-lurk some insidious
	   errors.

       Can't use delimiter brackets within expression
	   (F) The ${name} construct is for disambiguating identifiers in
	   strings, not in ordinary code.

       Can't use global %s in "my"
	   (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
	   This is not allowed, because the magic can only be tied to one
	   location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
	   confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
	   magical variables but weren't.

       Can't use subscript on %s
	   (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
	   subscript.  But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
	   didn't look like an array reference, or anything else
	   subscriptable.

       Can't write to temp file for -e: %s
	   (F) The write routine failed for some reason while trying to
	   process a -e switch.	 Maybe your /tmp partition is full, or
	   clobbered.

       Can't x= to readonly value
	   (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
	   value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
	   value itself.  Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
	   and repeat that.

       Cannot open temporary file
	   (F) The create routine failed for some reaon while trying to
	   process a -e switch.	 Maybe your /tmp partition is full, or
	   clobbered.

       chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
	   (W) A novice will sometimes say

	       chmod 777, $filename

	   not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal number,
	   equivalent to 01411.	 Octal constants are introduced with a leading
	   0 in Perl, as in C.

       Close on unopened file <%s>
	   (W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.

       connect() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket.  Did you forget
	   to check the return value of your socket() call?  See the connect
	   entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
	   (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
	   failure.

       corrupted regexp pointers
	   (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
	   expression compiler gave it.

       corrupted regexp program
	   (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
	   without a valid magic number.

       Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
	   (W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 100
	   times than it has returned.	This probably indicates an infinite
	   recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
	   which case it indicates something else.

       Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?
	   (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
	   @hash{@keys}.  On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
	   got carried away.

       Do you need to predeclare %s?
	   (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
	   "%s found where operator expected".	It often means a subroutine or
	   module name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet.
	   This may be because of ordering problems in your file, or because
	   of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement.  If
	   you're referencing something that isn't defined yet, you don't
	   actually have to define the subroutine or package before the
	   current location.  You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
	   FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.

       Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
	   (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.

       do_study: out of memory
	   (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.

       Duplicate free() ignored
	   (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had already
	   been freed.

       END failed--cleanup aborted
	   (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing an END
	   subroutine.	The interpreter is immediately exited.

       Error converting file specification %s
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Since Perl may have to deal with
	   file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
	   to a single form when it must operate on them directly.  Either
	   you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
	   found a case the conversion routines don't handle.  Drat.

       Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
	   (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.

       Exiting eval via %s
	   (W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a a
	   goto, or a loop control statement.

       Exiting subroutine via %s
	   (W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such as a
	   a goto, or a loop control statement.

       Exiting substitution via %s
	   (W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such as
	   a a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.

       Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  Something untoward happened in a VMS
	   system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
	   more details.  The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
	   %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.

       fcntl is not implemented
	   (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl().  What is
	   this, a PDP-11 or something?

       Filehandle %s never opened
	   (W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was never
	   initialized.	 You need to do an open() or a socket() call, or call
	   a constructor from the FileHandle package.

       Filehandle %s opened only for input
	   (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If you intended
	   it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<"
	   or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you only
	   intended to write the file, use ">" or ">>".	 See the open entry in
	   the perlfunc manpage.

       Filehandle only opened for input
	   (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle.  If you intended
	   it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<"
	   or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.  If you only
	   intended to write the file, use ">" or ">>".	 See the open entry in
	   the perlfunc manpage.

       Final $ should be \$ or $name
	   (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
	   to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
	   name that happens to be missing.  So you have to put either the
	   backslash or the name.

       Final @ should be \@ or @name
	   (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant
	   to be a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
	   name that happens to be missing.  So you have to put either the
	   backslash or the name.

       Format %s redefined
	   (W) You redefined a format.	To suppress this warning, say

	       {
		   local $^W = 0;
		   eval "format NAME =...";
	       }

       Format not terminated
	   (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
	   Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.

       Found = in conditional, should be ==
	   (W) You said

	       if ($foo = 123)

	   when you meant

	       if ($foo == 123)

	   (or something like that).

       gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
	   (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.

       gethostent not implemented
	   (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
	   probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
	   every hostname on the Internet.

       get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
	   socket.  Did you forget to check the return value of your socket()
	   call?

       getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
	   (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  The call to sys$getuai underlying
	   the getpwnam operator returned an invalid UIC.

       Glob not terminated
	   (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
	   expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
	   bracket, and not finding it.	 Chances are you left some needed
	   parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
	   than".

       Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
	   (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all
	   variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), or
	   explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable is in
	   (using "::").

       goto must have label
	   (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
	   unspecified destination.  See the goto entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       Had to create %s unexpectedly
	   (S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought to
	   have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
	   created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.

       Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
	   (D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some spots.
	   This is now heavily deprecated.

       Identifier "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
	   (W) Typographical errors often show up as unique identifiers.  If
	   you had a good reason for having a unique identifier, then just
	   mention it again somehow to suppress the message.

       Illegal division by zero
	   (F) You tried to divide a number by 0.  Either something was wrong
	   in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
	   meaningless input.

       Illegal modulus zero
	   (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder.	Most
	   numbers don't take to this kindly.

       Illegal octal digit
	   (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.

       Illegal octal digit ignored
	   (W) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
	   Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.

       Insecure dependency in %s
	   (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
	   like.  The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
	   setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
	   The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
	   indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
	   trust.  If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
	   get this error.  See the perlsec manpage for more information.

       Insecure directory in %s
	   (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
	   setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
	   by the world.  See the perlsec manpage.

       Insecure PATH
	   (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
	   setgid script if $ENV{PATH} is derived from data supplied (or
	   potentially supplied) by the user.  The script must set the path to
	   a known value, using trustworthy data.  See the perlsec manpage.

       Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
	   (S) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Perl keeps track of the number of
	   times you've called fork and exec, in order to determine whether
	   the current call to exec should be affect the current script or a
	   subprocess (see the exec entry in the perlvms manpage).  Somehow,
	   this count has become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and
	   treating this exec as a request to terminate the Perl script and
	   execute the specified command.

       internal disaster in regexp
	   (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.

       internal urp in regexp at /%s/
	   (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.

       invalid [] range in regexp
	   (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
	   character greater than the maximum character.  See the perlre
	   manpage.

       ioctl is not implemented
	   (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
	   pretty strange for a machine that supports C.

       junk on end of regexp
	   (P) The regular expression parser is confused.

       Label not found for "last %s"
	   (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
	   loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
	   from.  See the last entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Label not found for "next %s"
	   (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
	   loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
	   from.  See the last entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Label not found for "redo %s"
	   (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
	   of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
	   See the last entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       listen() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket.  Did you forget to
	   check the return value of your socket() call?  See the listen entry
	   in the perlfunc manpage.

       Literal @%s now requires backslash
	   (F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether you wanted
	   an array interpolated or a literal @.  It did this when the string
	   was first used at runtime.  Now strings are parsed at compile time,
	   and ambiguous instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by
	   putting a backslash to indicate a literal, or by declaring (or
	   using) the array within the program before the string (lexically).
	   (Someday it will simply assume that an unbackslashed @ interpolates
	   an array.)

       Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
	   (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
	   that doesn't somehow point to a valid method.  See the perlovl
	   manpage.

       Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
	   (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
	   caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
	   eventually ended earlier on the current line.

       Misplaced _ in number
	   (W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit
	   boundary.

       Missing $ on loop variable
	   (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much.  Variables
	   are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
	   where it can vary from one line to the next.

       Missing comma after first argument to %s function
	   (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
	   "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.

       Missing operator before %s?
	   (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
	   "%s found where operator expected".	Often the missing operator is
	   a comma.

       Missing right bracket
	   (F) The lexer counted more opening curly brackets (braces) than
	   closing ones.  As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
	   place you were last editing.

       Missing semicolon on previous line?
	   (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
	   "%s found where operator expected".	Don't automatically put a
	   semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this message.

       Modification of a read-only value attempted
	   (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
	   constant.  You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", since the compiler
	   catches that.  But an easy way to do the same thing is:

	       sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
	       mod(2);

	   Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
	   string.

       Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, subscript %d
	   (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
	   subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
	   array backwards.

       Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, subscript "%s"
	   (F) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
	   couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.

       Module name must be constant
	   (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
	   "use".

       msg%s not implemented
	   (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.

       Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
	   (W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
	   They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.

       Negative length
	   (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
	   length that is less than 0.	This is difficult to imagine.

       nested *?+ in regexp
	   (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parens.  So
	   things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.

	   Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers, *?, +? and ??
	   appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't.	 See the perlre
	   manpage.

       No #! line
	   (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #!
	   line even on machines that don't support the #! construct.

       No %s allowed while running setuid
	   (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
	   or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt.  Generally speaking
	   there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
	   secure, at least securable.	See the perlsec manpage.

       No -e allowed in setuid scripts
	   (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.

       No comma allowed after %s
	   (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
	   not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
	   arguments.  Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.

       No command into which to pipe on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
	   redirection, and found a '⎪' at the end of the command line, so it
	   doesn't know whither you want to pipe the output from this command.

       No DB::DB routine defined
	   (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
	   but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
	   didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
	   statement.  Which is odd, because the file should have been
	   required automatically, and should have blown up the require if it
	   didn't parse right.

       No dbm on this machine
	   (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
	   should supply dbm nowadays, since Perl comes with SDBM.  See the
	   SDBM_File manpage.

       No DBsub routine
	   (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
	   but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
	   didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of
	   each ordinary subroutine call.

       No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
	   redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
	   can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
	   stderr.

       No input file after < on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
	   redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
	   the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.

       No output file after > on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
	   redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
	   so it doesn't know whither you wanted to redirect stdout.

       No output file after > or >> on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl handles its own command line
	   redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
	   can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
	   stdout.

       No Perl script found in input
	   (F) You called perl -x, but no line was found in the file beginning
	   with #! and containing the word "perl".

       No setregid available
	   (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
	   for your system.

       No setreuid available
	   (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
	   for your system.

       No space allowed after -I
	   (F) The argument to -I must follow the -I immediately with no
	   intervening space.

       No such pipe open
	   (P) An error peculiar to VMS.  The internal routine my_pclose()
	   tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened.  This should have
	   been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.

       No such signal: SIG%s
	   (W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was not
	   recognized.	Say kill -l in your shell to see the valid signal
	   names on your system.

       Not a CODE reference
	   (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
	   is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
	   You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
	   really was.	See also the perlref manpage.

       Not a format reference
	   (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an
	   anonymous format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't
	   exist.

       Not a GLOB reference
	   (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "type glob" (that
	   is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
	   reference to something else instead.	 You can use the ref()
	   function to find out what kind of ref it really was.	 See the
	   perlref manpage.

       Not a HASH reference
	   (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
	   found a reference to something else instead.	 You can use the ref()
	   function to find out what kind of ref it really was.	 See the
	   perlref manpage.

       Not a perl script
	   (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #!
	   line even on machines that don't support the #! construct.  The
	   line must mention perl.

       Not a SCALAR reference
	   (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
	   found a reference to something else instead.	 You can use the ref()
	   function to find out what kind of ref it really was.	 See the
	   perlref manpage.

       Not a subroutine reference
	   (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
	   is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
	   You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
	   really was.	See also the perlref manpage.

       Not a subroutine reference in %OVERLOAD
	   (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
	   that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine.  See the perlovl
	   manpage.

       Not an ARRAY reference
	   (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
	   found a reference to something else instead.	 You can use the ref()
	   function to find out what kind of ref it really was.	 See the
	   perlref manpage.

       Not enough arguments for %s
	   (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.

       Not enough format arguments
	   (W) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
	   supplied.  See the perlform manpage.

       Null filename used
	   (F) You can't require the null filename, especially since on many
	   machines that means the current directory!  See the require entry
	   in the perlfunc manpage.

       NULL OP IN RUN
	   (P) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode pointer.

       Null realloc
	   (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.

       NULL regexp argument
	   (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it bigtime.

       NULL regexp parameter
	   (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.

       Odd number of elements in hash list
	   (S) You specified an odd number of elements to a hash list, which
	   is odd, since hash lists come in key/value pairs.

       oops: oopsAV
	   (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.

       oops: oopsHV
	   (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.

       Operation `%s' %s: no method found,
	   (F) An attempt was made to use an entry in an overloading table
	   that somehow no longer points to a valid method.  See the perlovl
	   manpage.

       Operator or semicolon missing before %s
	   (S) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser was
	   expecting an operator.  The parser has assumed you really meant to
	   use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect.	For
	   example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you
	   said "*foo * 'foo'".

       Out of memory for yacc stack
	   (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
	   parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
	   otherwise.

       Out of memory!
	   (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
	   insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
	   request.

       page overflow
	   (W) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
	   page.  See the perlform manpage.

       panic: ck_grep
	   (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.

       panic: ck_split
	   (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.

       panic: corrupt saved stack index
	   (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
	   than there are in the savestack.

       panic: die %s
	   (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then
	   discovered it wasn't an eval context.

       panic: do_match
	   (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
	   operational data.

       panic: do_split
	   (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.

       panic: do_subst
	   (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
	   operational data.

       panic: do_trans
	   (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with invalid
	   operational data.

       panic: goto
	   (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
	   label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
	   goto in.

       panic: INTERPCASEMOD
	   (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.

       panic: INTERPCONCAT
	   (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.

       panic: last
	   (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
	   discovered it wasn't a block context.

       panic: leave_scope clearsv
	   (P) A writable lexical variable became readonly somehow within the
	   scope.

       panic: leave_scope inconsistency
	   (P) The savestack probably got out of sync.	At least, there was an
	   invalid enum on the top of it.

       panic: malloc
	   (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.

       panic: mapstart
	   (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.

       panic: null array
	   (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV
	   pointer.

       panic: pad_alloc
	   (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
	   allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

       panic: pad_free curpad
	   (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
	   allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

       panic: pad_free po
	   (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.

       panic: pad_reset curpad
	   (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
	   allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

       panic: pad_sv po
	   (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.

       panic: pad_swipe curpad
	   (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
	   allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

       panic: pad_swipe po
	   (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.

       panic: pp_iter
	   (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.

       panic: realloc
	   (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.

       panic: restartop
	   (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
	   and didn't supply the destination.

       panic: return
	   (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
	   and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.

       panic: scan_num
	   (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.

       panic: sv_insert
	   (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
	   there was string.

       panic: top_env
	   (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
	   that.

       panic: yylex
	   (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
	   modifier.

       Parens missing around "%s" list
	   (W) You said something like

	       my $foo, $bar = @_;

	   when you meant

	       my ($foo, $bar) = @_;

	   Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.

       Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
	   (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
	   recent than the currently running version.  How long has it been
	   since you upgraded, anyway?	See the require entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       Permission denied
	   (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.

       pid %d not a child
	   (W) A warning peculiar to VMS.  Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
	   process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.  While
	   this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you
	   intended.

       POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
	   (F) Your C compiler uses POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
	   unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.

       Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
	   (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
	   for.	 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
	   byte at the end of the buffer just in case.	This sentinel byte got
	   clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted.  See the
	   ioctl entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
	   (S) The old irregular construct

	       open FOO ⎪⎪ die;

	   is now misinterpreted as

	       open(FOO ⎪⎪ die);

	   because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
	   and list operators.	(The old open was a little of both.) You must
	   put parens around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
	   instead of "⎪⎪".

       print on closed filehandle %s
	   (W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
	   before now.	Check your logic flow.

       printf on closed filehandle %s
	   (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
	   before now.	Check your logic flow.

       Probable precedence problem on %s
	   (W) The compiler found a bare word where it expected a conditional,
	   which often indicates that an ⎪⎪ or && was parsed as part of the
	   last argument of the previous construct, for example:

	       open FOO ⎪⎪ die;

       Read on closed filehandle <%s>
	   (W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
	   before now.	Check your logic flow.

       Reallocation too large: %lx
	   (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MSDOS machine.

       Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
	   (F) You can't use the -D option unless the code to produce the
	   desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
	   which is why it's currently left out of your copy.

       Recursive inheritance detected
	   (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used.  Probably
	   indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.

       Reference miscount in sv_replace()
	   (W) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
	   reference count of other than 1.

       regexp memory corruption
	   (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
	   expression compiler gave it.

       regexp out of space
	   (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
	   it earlier.

       regexp too big
	   (F) The current implementation of regular expression uses shorts as
	   address offsets within a string.  Unfortunately this means that if
	   the regular expression compiles to longer than 32767, it'll blow
	   up.	Usually when you want a regular expression this big, there is
	   a better way to do it with multiple statements.  See the perlre
	   manpage.

       Reversed %s= operator
	   (W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards.  The = must
	   always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
	   operators.

       Runaway format
	   (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but
	   it produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly
	   like the 199th line.	 Apparently you didn't arrange for the
	   arguments to exhaust themselves, either by using ^ instead of @
	   (for scalar variables), or by shifting or popping (for array
	   variables).	See the perlform manpage.

       Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
	   (W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a single
	   value of an array.  Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
	   (indicated by $).  The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves
	   like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
	   argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when you assign to
	   it, and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do
	   weird things if you're only expecting one subscript.

	   On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
	   element as a list, you need to look into how references work, since
	   Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you.
	   See the perlref manpage.

       Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
	   (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script with its
	   setuid or setgid bit set.  This doesn't make much sense.

       Search pattern not terminated
	   (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
	   construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
	   level.

       seek() on unopened file
	   (W) You tried to use the seek() function on a filehandle that was
	   either never opened or has been closed since.

       select not implemented
	   (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.

       sem%s not implemented
	   (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.

       semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
	   (S) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a scalar
	   that had previously been marked as free.

       Semicolon seems to be missing
	   (W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
	   semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a
	   comma.

       Send on closed socket
	   (W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed sometime
	   before now.	Check your logic flow.

       Sequence (?#... not terminated
	   (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
	   parenthesis.	 Embedded parens aren't allowed.  See the perlre
	   manpage.

       Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
	   (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
	   reserved but has not yet been written.  See the perlre manpage.

       Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
	   (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
	   sense.  See the perlre manpage.

       setegid() not implemented
	   (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
	   support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
	   Configure didn't think so.

       seteuid() not implemented
	   (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
	   support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
	   Configure didn't think so.

       setrgid() not implemented
	   (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
	   support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
	   Configure didn't think so.

       setruid() not implemented
	   (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
	   support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
	   Configure didn't think so.

       Setuid/gid script is writable by world
	   (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
	   world, because the world might have written on it already.

       shm%s not implemented
	   (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.

       shutdown() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket.  Seems a bit
	   superfluous.

       SIG%s handler "%s" not defined.
	   (W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
	   Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?

       sort is now a reserved word
	   (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
	   anymore.  But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
	   as a filehandle.

       Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
	   (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number.	You probably
	   blew it by not using C<<=> or cmp, or by not using them correctly.
	   See the sort entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Sort subroutine didn't return single value
	   (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with
	   more or less than one element.  See the sort entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       Split loop
	   (P) The split was looping infinitely.  (Obviously, a split
	   shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
	   which is what happened.)  See the split entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       Stat on unopened file <%s>
	   (W) You tried to use the stat() function (or an equivalent file
	   test) on a filehandle that was either never opened or has been
	   closed since.

       Statement unlikely to be reached
	   (W) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
	   die().  This is almost always an error, because exec() never
	   returns unless there was a failure.	You probably wanted to use
	   system() instead, which does return.	 To suppress this warning, put
	   the exec() in a block by itself.

       Subroutine %s redefined
	   (W) You redefined a subroutine.  To suppress this warning, say

	       {
		   local $^W = 0;
		   eval "sub name { ... }";
	       }

       Substitution loop
	   (P) The substitution was looping infinitely.	 (Obviously, a
	   substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
	   of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
	   substitution in the section on Quote and Quotelike Operators in the
	   perlop manpage.

       Substitution pattern not terminated
	   (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a s/// or
	   s{}{} construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
	   level.

       Substitution replacement not terminated
	   (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
	   construct.  Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
	   level.

       substr outside of string
	   (W) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of a
	   string.  That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than
	   the length of the string.  See the substr entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       suidperl is no longer needed since...
	   (F) Your Perl was compiled with -DSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW,
	   but a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.

       syntax error
	   (F) Probably means you had a syntax error.  Common reasons include:

	       A keyword is misspelled.
	       A semicolon is missing.
	       A comma is missing.
	       An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
	       An opening or closing brace is missing.
	       A closing quote is missing.

	   Often there will be another error message associated with the
	   syntax error giving more information.  (Sometimes it helps to turn
	   on -w.)  The error message itself often tells you where it was in
	   the line when it decided to give up.	 Sometimes the actual error is
	   several tokens before this, since Perl is good at understanding
	   random input.  Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
	   once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
	   the error is to call perl -c repeatedly, chopping away half the
	   program each time to see if the error went away.  Sort of the
	   cybernetic version of 20 questions.

       System V IPC is not implemented on this machine
	   (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
	   "shm" or "msg".  See the semctl entry in the perlfunc manpage, for
	   example.

       Syswrite on closed filehandle
	   (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
	   before now.	Check your logic flow.

       tell() on unopened file
	   (W) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that was
	   either never opened or has been closed since.

       Test on unopened file <%s>
	   (W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle that
	   isn't open.	Check your logic.  See also the section on -X in the
	   perlfunc manpage.

       That use of $[ is unsupported
	   (F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
	   as a compiler directive.  You may only say one of

	       $[ = 0;
	       $[ = 1;
	       ...
	       local $[ = 0;
	       local $[ = 1;
	       ...

	   This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array
	   base out from under another module inadvertently.  See the section
	   on $[ in the perlvar manpage.

       The %s function is unimplemented
	   The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
	   according to the probings of Configure.

       The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
	   (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
	   probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
	   they think the U.S. Govermnment thinks it's a secret, or at least
	   that they will continue to pretend that it is.  And if you quote me
	   on that, I will deny it.

       The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat
	   (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
	   linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
	   went past the symlink to get to the real file.  Use an actual
	   filename instead.

       times not implemented
	   (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times().  I
	   suspect you're not running on Unix.

       Too few args to syscall
	   (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
	   the system call to call, silly dilly.

       Too many args to syscall
	   (F) Perl only supports a maximum of 14 args to syscall().

       Too many arguments for %s
	   (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.

       trailing \ in regexp
	   (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
	   Backslash it.   See the perlre manpage.

       Translation pattern not terminated
	   (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
	   tr[][] construct.

       Translation replacement not terminated
	   (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or
	   tr[][] construct.

       truncate not implemented
	   (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
	   Configure knows about.

       Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
	   (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
	   certain type.  Arrays must be @NAME or @{EXPR}.  Hashes must be
	   %NAME or %{EXPR}.  No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
	   {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference.  See the perlref manpage.

       umask: argument is missing initial 0
	   (W) A umask of 222 is incorrect.  It should be 0222, since octal
	   literals always start with 0 in Perl, as in C.

       Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
	   (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
	   execution contexts were entered and left.

       Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
	   (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
	   values were temporarily localized.

       Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
	   (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
	   blocks were entered and left.

       Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
	   (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
	   mortal scalars were allocated and freed.

       Undefined format "%s" called
	   (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist.  Perhaps it's
	   really in another package?  See the perlform manpage.

       Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
	   (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
	   Perhaps it's in a different package?	 See the sort entry in the
	   perlfunc manpage.

       Undefined subroutine &%s called
	   (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
	   has since been undefined.

       Undefined subroutine called
	   (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
	   defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.

       Undefined subroutine in sort
	   (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
	   seem to have been defined yet.  See the sort entry in the perlfunc
	   manpage.

       unexec of %s into %s failed!
	   (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason.  See your local
	   FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.

       Unknown BYTEORDER
	   (F) There are no byteswapping functions for a machine with this
	   byte order.

       unmatched () in regexp
	   (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
	   expressions.	 If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
	   finding the matching paren.	See the perlre manpage.

       Unmatched right bracket
	   (F) The lexer counted more closing curly brackets (braces) than
	   opening ones, so you're probably missing an opening bracket.	 As a
	   general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the
	   place you were last editing.

       unmatched [] in regexp
	   (F) The brackets around a character class must match.  If you wish
	   to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
	   put it first.  See the perlre manpage.

       Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
	   (W) You used a bare word that might someday be claimed as a
	   reserved word.  It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
	   capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it.  You might
	   also declare it as a subroutine.

       Unrecognized character \%03o ignored
	   (S) A garbage character was found in the input, and ignored, in
	   case it's a weird control character on an EBCDIC machine, or some
	   such.

       Unrecognized signal name "%s"
	   (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
	   recognized.	Say kill -l in your shell to see the valid signal
	   names on your system.

       Unrecognized switch: -%s
	   (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl.	 Don't do that.	 (If
	   you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
	   supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)

       Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
	   (W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
	   operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
	   newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chop() or chomp() it off.
	   See the chop entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       Unsupported directory function "%s" called
	   (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().

       Unsupported function %s
	   (F) This machines doesn't implement the indicated function,
	   apparently.	At least, Configure doesn't think so.

       Unsupported socket function "%s" called
	   (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
	   at least that's what Configure thought.

       Unterminated <> operator
	   (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
	   expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
	   bracket, and not finding it.	 Chances are you left some needed
	   parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
	   than".

       Use of $# is deprecated
	   (D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly defined awk
	   feature.  Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.

       Use of $* is deprecated
	   (D) This variable magically turned on multiline pattern matching,
	   both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen to
	   call.  You should use the new //m and //s modifiers now to do that
	   without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of $*.

       Use of %s in printf format not supported
	   (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
	   only from C.	 This usually means there's a better way to do it in
	   Perl.

       Use of %s is deprecated
	   (D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
	   generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because
	   the old way has bad side effects.

       Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
	   (D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber a
	   subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the
	   results of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).

       Use of uninitialized value
	   (W) An undefined value was used as if it were already defined.  It
	   was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.	To
	   suppress this warning assign an initial value to your variables.

       Useless use of %s in void context
	   (W) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
	   nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't
	   return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma
	   operator.  Very often this points not to stupidity on your part,
	   but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you thought it
	   would.  For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your C
	   precedence with Python precedence and said

	       $one, $two = 1, 2;

	   when you meant to say

	       ($one, $two) = (1, 2);

	   Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
	   list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
	   for example, if you say

	       $array = (1,2);

	   when you should have said

	       $array = [1,2];

	   The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
	   value, while parentheses do not.  So when a parenthesized list is
	   evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
	   operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
	   you want.  See the perlref manpage for more on this.

       Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly.
	   (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
	   on the close(0.  This usually indicates your filesystem ran out of
	   disk space.

       Warning: Use of "%s" without parens is ambiguous
	   (S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that looks
	   like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
	   term or unary operator.  For instance, if you know that the rand
	   function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write

	       rand + 5;

	   you may THINK you wrote the same thing as

	       rand() + 5;

	   but in actual fact, you got

	       rand(+5);

	   So put in parens to say what you really mean.

       Write on closed filehandle
	   (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
	   before now.	Check your logic flow.

       X outside of string
	   (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
	   before the beginning of the string being unpacked.  See the pack
	   entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       x outside of string
	   (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
	   after the end of the string being unpacked.	See the pack entry in
	   the perlfunc manpage.

       Xsub "%s" called in sort
	   (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not
	   yet supported.

       Xsub called in sort
	   (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not
	   yet supported.

       You can't use -l on a filehandle
	   (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the
	   file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to
	   look for.  Use a filename instead.

       YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
	   (F) And you probably never will, since you probably don't have the
	   sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
	   about what you want.	 Your best bet is to use the wrapsuid script
	   in the eg directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.

       You need to quote "%s"
	   (W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
	   Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
	   which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
	   assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want.	 (If
	   it IS what you want, put an & in front.)

       [gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
	   (W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a closed socket.
	   Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
	   See the getsockopt entry in the perlfunc manpage.

       \1 better written as $1
	   (W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.  The
	   use of backslashes is grandfathered on the righthand side of a
	   substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable
	   form because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works
	   better if there are more than 9 backreferences.

       '⎪' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
	   redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
	   tried to redirect STDIN using

       '⎪' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
	   (F) An error peculiar to VMS.  Perl does its own command line
	   redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
	   and into a pipe to another command.	You need to choose one or the
	   other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
	   Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as

	       open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
	       while (<STDIN>) {
		   print;
		   print OUT;
	       }
	       close OUT;

3rd Berkeley Distribution					   PERLDIAG(1)
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