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PERLSOURCE(1perl)      Perl Programmers Reference Guide	     PERLSOURCE(1perl)

NAME
       perlsource - A guide to the Perl source tree

DESCRIPTION
       This document describes the layout of the Perl source tree. If you're
       hacking on the Perl core, this will help you find what you're looking
       for.

FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND
       The Perl source tree is big. Here's some of the thing you'll find in
       it:

   C code
       The C source code and header files mostly live in the root of the
       source tree. There are a few platform-specific directories which
       contain C code. In addition, some of the modules shipped with Perl
       include C or XS code.

       See perlinterp for more details on the files that make up the Perl
       interpreter, as well as details on how it works.

   Core modules
       Modules shipped as part of the Perl core live in four subdirectories.
       Two of these directories contain modules that live in the core, and two
       contain modules that can also be released separately on CPAN. Modules
       which can be released on cpan are known as "dual-life" modules.

       ·   lib/

	   This directory contains pure-Perl modules which are only released
	   as part of the core. This directory contains all of the modules and
	   their tests, unlike other core modules.

       ·   ext/

	   This directory contains XS-using modules which are only released as
	   part of the core. These modules generally have their Makefile.PL
	   and are laid out more like a typical CPAN module.

       ·   dist/

	   This directory is for dual-life modules where the blead source is
	   canonical. Note that some modules in this directory may not yet
	   have been released separately on CPAN.

       ·   cpan/

	   This directory contains dual-life modules where the CPAN module is
	   canonical. Do not patch these modules directly! Changes to these
	   modules should be submitted to the maintainer of the CPAN module.
	   Once those changes are applied and released, the new version of the
	   module will be incorporated into the core.

       For some dual-life modules, it has not yet been determined if the CPAN
       version or the blead source is canonical. Until that is done, those
       modules should be in cpan/.

   Tests
       The Perl core has an extensive test suite. If you add new tests (or new
       modules with tests), you may need to update the t/TEST file so that the
       tests are run.

       ·   Module tests

	   Tests for core modules in the lib/ directory are right next to the
	   module itself. For example, we have lib/strict.pm and lib/strict.t.

	   Tests for modules in ext/ and the dual-life modules are in t/
	   subdirectories for each module, like a standard CPAN distribution.

       ·   t/base/

	   Tests for the absolute basic functionality of Perl. This includes
	   "if", basic file reads and writes, simple regexes, etc. These are
	   run first in the test suite and if any of them fail, something is
	   really broken.

       ·   t/cmd/

	   Tests for basic control structures, "if/else", "while",
	   subroutines, etc.

       ·   t/comp/

	   Tests for basic issues of how Perl parses and compiles itself.

       ·   t/io/

	   Tests for built-in IO functions, including command line arguments.

       ·   t/mro/

	   Tests for perl's method resolution order implementations (see mro).

       ·   t/op/

	   Tests for perl's built in functions that don't fit into any of the
	   other directories.

       ·   t/opbasic/

	   Tests for perl's built in functions which, like those in t/op/, do
	   not fit into any of the other directories, but which, in addition,
	   cannot use t/test.pl,as that program depends on functionality which
	   the test file itself is testing.

       ·   t/re/

	   Tests for regex related functions or behaviour. (These used to live
	   in t/op).

       ·   t/run/

	   Tests for features of how perl actually runs, including exit codes
	   and handling of PERL* environment variables.

       ·   t/uni/

	   Tests for the core support of Unicode.

       ·   t/win32/

	   Windows-specific tests.

       ·   t/porting/

	   Tests the state of the source tree for various common errors. For
	   example, it tests that everyone who is listed in the git log has a
	   corresponding entry in the AUTHORS file.

       ·   t/lib/

	   The old home for the module tests, you shouldn't put anything new
	   in here. There are still some bits and pieces hanging around in
	   here that need to be moved. Perhaps you could move them?  Thanks!

       ·   t/x2p

	   A test suite for the s2p converter.

   Documentation
       All of the core documentation intended for end users lives in pod/.
       Individual modules in lib/, ext/, dist/, and cpan/ usually have their
       own documentation, either in the Module.pm file or an accompanying
       Module.pod file.

       Finally, documentation intended for core Perl developers lives in the
       Porting/ directory.

   Hacking tools and documentation
       The Porting directory contains a grab bag of code and documentation
       intended to help porters work on Perl. Some of the highlights include:

       ·   check*

	   These are scripts which will check the source things like ANSI C
	   violations, POD encoding issues, etc.

       ·   Maintainers, Maintainers.pl, and Maintainers.pm

	   These files contain information on who maintains which modules. Run
	   "perl Porting/Maintainers -M Module::Name" to find out more
	   information about a dual-life module.

       ·   podtidy

	   Tidies a pod file. It's a good idea to run this on a pod file
	   you've patched.

   Build system
       The Perl build system starts with the Configure script in the root
       directory.

       Platform-specific pieces of the build system also live in platform-
       specific directories like win32/, vms/, etc.

       The Configure script is ultimately responsible for generating a
       Makefile.

       The build system that Perl uses is called metaconfig. This system is
       maintained separately from the Perl core.

       The metaconfig system has its own git repository. Please see its README
       file in <http://perl5.git.perl.org/metaconfig.git/> for more details.

       The Cross directory contains various files related to cross-compiling
       Perl. See Cross/README for more details.

   AUTHORS
       This file lists everyone who's contributed to Perl. If you submit a
       patch, you should add your name to this file as part of the patch.

   MANIFEST
       The MANIFEST file in the root of the source tree contains a list of
       every file in the Perl core, as well as a brief description of each
       file.

       You can get an overview of all the files with this command:

	 % perl -lne 'print if /^[^\/]+\.[ch]\s+/' MANIFEST

perl v5.18.2			  2013-11-04		     PERLSOURCE(1perl)
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