PNMTOJBIG(1)PNMTOJBIG(1)NAMEpnmtojbig - PNM to JBIG file converter
SYNOPSIS
pnmtojbg [ options ] [ input-file | - [ output-file ]]
DESCRIPTION
Reads in a PBM or PGM format image from a file or standard input, com‐
presses it, and outputs the image as a JBIG bi-level image entity (BIE)
file.
JBIG is a highly effective lossless compression algorithm for bi-level
images (one bit per pixel), which is particularly suitable for scanned
document pages.
A JBIG encoded image can be stored in several resolutions (progressive
mode). These resolution layers can be stored all in one single BIE or
they can be stored in several separate BIE files. All resolution lay‐
ers except the lowest one are stored merely as differences to the next
lower resolution layer, because this requires less space than encoding
the full image completely every time. Each resolution layer has twice
the number of horizontal and vertical pixels than the next lower layer.
JBIG files can also store several bits per pixel as separate bitmap
planes, and pnmtojbig can read a PGM file and transform it into a
multi-bitplane BIE.
OPTIONS
- A single hyphen instead of an input file name will cause
pnmtojbg to read the data from standard input instead
from a file.
-q Encode the image in one single resolution layer (sequen‐
tial mode). This is usually the most efficient compres‐
sion method. By default, the number of resolution layers
is chosen automatically such that the lowest layer image
is not larger than 640 × 480 pixels.
-x number Specify the maximal horizontal size of the lowest resolu‐
tion layer. The default is 640 pixels.
-y number Specify the maximal vertical size of the lowest resolu‐
tion layer. The default is 480 pixels.
-l number Select the lowest resolution layer that will be written
to the BIE. It is possible to store the various resolu‐
tion layers of a JBIG image in progressive mode into dif‐
ferent BIEs. Options -l and -h allow to select the reso‐
lution-layer interval that will appear in the created
BIE. The lowest resolution layer has number 0 and this is
also the default value. By default all layers will be
written.
-h number Select the highest resolution layer that will be written
to the BIE. By default all layers will be written. See
also option -l.
-b Use binary values instead of Gray code words in order to
encode pixel values in multiple bitplanes. This option
has only an effect if the input is a PGM file and if more
than one bitplane is produced. Note that the decoder has
to make the same selection but cannot determine from the
BIE, whether Gray or binary code words were used by the
encoder.
-d number Specify the total number of differential resolution lay‐
ers into which the input image will be split in addition
to the lowest layer. Each additional layer reduces the
size of layer 0 by 50 %. This option overrides options -x
and -y which are usually a more comfortable way of
selecting the number of resolution layers.
-s number The JBIG algorithm splits each image into a number of
horizontal stripes. This option specifies that each
stripe shall have number lines in layer 0. The default
value is selected so that approximately 35 stripes will
be used for the whole image.
-m number Select the maximum horizontal offset of the adaptive tem‐
plate pixel. The JBIG encoder uses a number of neighbour
pixels in order to get statistical a priori knowledge of
the probability, whether the next pixel will be black or
white. One single pixel out of this template of context
neighbor pixels can be moved around. Especially for
dithered images it can be a significant advantage to have
one neighbor pixel which has a distance large enough to
cover the period of a dither function. By default, the
adaptive template pixel can be moved up to 8 pixels away.
This encoder supports up to 23 pixels, however as
decoders are only required to support at least a distance
of 16 pixels by the standard, no higher value than 16 for
number is recommended in order to maintain interoperabil‐
ity with other JBIG implementations. The maximal vertical
offset of the adaptive template pixel is always zero.
-t number Encode only the specified number of most significant bit
planes. This option allows to reduce the depth of an
input PGM file if not all bits per pixel are needed in
the output.
-o number JBIG separates an image into several horizontal stripes,
resolution layers and planes, were each plane contains
one bit per pixel. One single stripe in one plane and
layer is encoded as a data unit called stripe data entity
(SDE) inside the BIE. There are 12 different possible
orders in which the SDEs can be stored inside the BIE and
number selects which one shall be used. The order of the
SDEs is only relevant for applications that want to
decode a JBIG file which has not yet completely arrived
from e.g. a slow network connection. For instance some
applications prefer that the outermost of the three loops
(stripes, layers, planes) is over all layers so that all
data of the lowest resolution layer is transmitted first.
The following values for number select these loop
arrangements for writing the SDEs (outermost loop first):
0 planes, layers, stripes
2 layers, planes, stripes
3 layers, stripes, planes
4 stripes, planes, layers
5 planes, stripes, layers
6 stripes, layers, planes
All loops count starting with zero, however by adding 8
to the above order code, the layer loop can be reversed
so that it counts down to zero and then higher resolution
layers will be stored before lower layers. Default order
is 3 which writes at first all planes of the first stripe
and then completes layer 0 before continuing with the
next layer and so on.
-p number This option allows to activate or deactivate various
optional algorithms defined in the JBIG standard. Just
add the numbers of the following options which you want
to activate in order to get the number value:
4 deterministic prediction (DPON)
8 layer 0 typical prediction (TPBON)
16 diff. layer typ. pred. (TPDON)
64 layer 0 two-line template (LRLTWO)
Except for special applications (like communication with
JBIG subset implementations) and for debugging purposes
you will normally not want to change anything here. The
default is 28, which provides the best compression
result.
-c The adaptive template pixel movement is determined as
suggested in annex C of the standard. By default the tem‐
plate change takes place directly in the next line which
is most effective. However a few conformance test exam‐
ples in the standard require the adaptive template change
to be delayed until the first line of the next stripe.
This option selects this special behavior, which is nor‐
mally not required except in order to pass some confor‐
mance test suite.
-v After the BIE has been created, a few technical details
of the created file will be listed (verbose mode).
FORMATS
Most of the format pnmtojbig creates is defined by the JBIG standard.
The standard, however, does not specify which values in the BIE mean
white and which mean black. It contains a recommendation that for a
single plane image zero mean background and one mean foreground, but
the Netpbm formats have no concept of foreground and background. And
the standard says nothing about values for multiple plane BIEs.
pnmtojbig follows Markus Kuhn's implementation of the standard in the
pbmtojbg program that comes with his JBIG library: If the BIE is a
single plane BIE, zero means white and one means black. If it is a
multiple plane BIE, zero means black and the maximal value is white.
STANDARDS
This program implements the JBIG image coding algorithm as specified in
ISO/IEC 11544:1993 and ITU-T T.82(1993).
AUTHORpnmtojbig is based on the JBIG library by Markus Kuhn, part of his
JBIG-KIT package. The pbmtojbg program is part of the JBIG-KIT pack‐
age. The most recent version of that library and tools set is freely
available on the Internet from anonymous ftp server ftp.informatik.uni-
erlangen.de in directory pub/doc/ISO/JBIG/.
pnmtojbig is part of the Netpbm package of graphics tools.
SEE ALSOpbm(5),pgm(5),jbigtopbm(1)LICENSE
If you use pnmtojbig, you are using various patents, particularly on
its arithmetic encoding method, and in all probability you do not have
a license from the patent owners to do so.
2000-05-20 PNMTOJBIG(1)
