strvis man page on MirBSD

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VIS(3)			   BSD Programmer's Manual			VIS(3)

NAME
     vis, strvis, strnvis, strvisx, svis, strsvis, strnsvis, strsvisx - visu-
     ally encode characters

SYNOPSIS
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <vis.h>

     char *
     vis(char *dst, int c, int flag, int nextc);

     int
     strvis(char *dst, const char *src, int flag);

     int
     strnvis(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size, int flag);

     int
     strvisx(char *dst, const char *src, size_t len, int flag);

     char *
     svis(char *dst, int c, int flag, int nextc, const char *extra);

     int
     strsvis(char *dst, const char *src, int flag, const char *extra);

     int
     strnsvis(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size, int flag,
	     const char *extra);

     int
     strsvisx(char *dst, const char *src, size_t len, int flag,
	     const char *extra);

DESCRIPTION
     The vis() function copies into dst a string which represents the charac-
     ter c. If c needs no encoding, it is copied in unaltered. The string is
     NUL terminated and a pointer to the end of the string is returned. The
     maximum length of any encoding is four characters (not including the
     trailing NUL); thus, when encoding a set of characters into a buffer, the
     size of the buffer should be four times the number of characters encoded,
     plus one for the trailing NUL. The flag parameter is used for altering
     the default range of characters considered for encoding and for altering
     the visual representation. The additional character, nextc, is only used
     when selecting the VIS_CSTYLE encoding format (explained below).

     The strvis(), strnvis() and strvisx() functions copy into dst a visual
     representation of the string src. The strvis() function encodes charac-
     ters from src up to the first NUL. The strnvis() function encodes charac-
     ters from src up to the first NUL or the end of dst, as indicated by
     size. The strvisx() function encodes exactly len characters from src
     (this is useful for encoding a block of data that may contain NULs). All
     three forms NUL terminate dst, except for strnvis() when size is zero, in
     which case dst is not touched. For strvis() and strvisx(), the size of
     dst must be four times the number of characters encoded from src (plus
     one for the NUL). strvis() and strvisx() return the number of characters
     in dst (not including the trailing NUL). strnvis() returns the length
     that dst would become if it were of unlimited size (similar to
     snprintf(3) or strlcpy(3)). This can be used to detect truncation but it
     also means that the return value of strnvis() must not be used without
     checking it against size.

     The functions svis(), strsvis(), strnsvis() and strsvisx() correspond to
     vis(), strvis(), strnvis(), and strvisx() but have an additional argument
     extra, pointing to a NUL terminated list of characters. These characters
     will be copied encoded or backslash-escaped into dst. These functions are
     useful e.g. to remove the special meaning of certain characters to
     shells.

     The encoding is a unique, invertible representation composed entirely of
     graphic characters; it can be decoded back into the original form using
     the unvis(3) or strunvis(3) functions.

     There are two parameters that can be controlled: the range of characters
     that are encoded (applies only to vis(), strvis(), strnvis(), and
     strvisx()), and the type of representation used. By default, all non-
     graphic characters except space, tab, and newline are encoded (see
     isgraph(3)). The following flags alter this:

     VIS_GLOB	 Also encode magic characters recognized by glob(3) ('*', '?',
		 '[') and '#'.

     VIS_SP	 Also encode space.

     VIS_TAB	 Also encode tab.

     VIS_NL	 Also encode newline.

     VIS_WHITE	 Synonym for VIS_SP | VIS_TAB | VIS_NL.

     VIS_SAFE	 Only encode "unsafe" characters. These are control characters
		 which may cause common terminals to perform unexpected func-
		 tions. Currently this form allows space, tab, newline, back-
		 space, bell, and return -- in addition to all graphic charac-
		 ters -- unencoded.

     (The above flags have no effect for svis(), strsvis(), strnsvis(), and
     strsvisx(). When using these functions, place all graphic characters to
     be encoded in an array pointed to by extra. In general, the backslash
     character should be included in this array, see the warning on the use of
     the VIS_NOSLASH flag below).

     There are four forms of encoding. All forms use the backslash '\' charac-
     ter to introduce a special sequence; two backslashes are used to
     represent a real backslash, except VIS_HTTPSTYLE which uses '%'. These
     are the visual formats:

     (default)	 Use an 'M' to represent meta characters (characters with the
		 8th bit set), and use a caret '^' to represent control char-
		 acters (see iscntrl(3)). The following formats are used:

		 \^C	Represents the control character 'C'. Spans characters
			'\000' through '\037', and '\177' (as '\^?').

		 \M-C	Represents character 'C' with the 8th bit set. Spans
			characters '\241' through '\376'.

		 \M^C	Represents control character 'C' with the 8th bit set.
			Spans characters '\200' through '\237', and '\377' (as
			'\M^?').

		 \040	Represents ASCII space.

		 \240	Represents Meta-space.

     VIS_CSTYLE	 Use C-style backslash sequences to represent standard non-
		 printable characters. The following sequences are used to
		 represent the indicated characters:

		       \a - BEL (007)
		       \b - BS (010)
		       \f - NP (014)
		       \n - NL (012)
		       \r - CR (015)
		       \s - SP (040)
		       \t - HT (011)
		       \v - VT (013)
		       \0 - NUL (000)

		 When using this format, the nextc parameter is looked at to
		 determine if a NUL character can be encoded as '\0' instead
		 of '\000'. If nextc is an octal digit, the latter representa-
		 tion is used to avoid ambiguity.

     VIS_OCTAL	 Use a three digit octal sequence. The form is '\ddd' where d
		 represents an octal digit.

     VIS_HTTPSTYLE
		 Use URI encoding as described in RFC 1738. The form is '%xx'
		 where x represents a hexadecimal digit.

     There is one additional flag, VIS_NOSLASH, which inhibits the doubling of
     backslashes and the backslash before the default format (that is, control
     characters are represented by '^C' and meta characters as 'M-C'). With
     this flag set, the encoding is ambiguous and non-invertible.

SEE ALSO
     unvis(1), vis(1), snprintf(3), strlcpy(3), unvis(3)

     T. Berners-Lee, Uniform Resource Locators (URL), RFC1738.

HISTORY
     The vis(), strvis() and strvisx() functions first appeared in 4.4BSD. The
     strnvis() function first appeared in OpenBSD 2.9. The svis(), strsvis(),
     and strsvisx() functions appeared in NetBSD 1.5. The strnsvis() function
     appeared in MirOS #10.

MirOS BSD #10-current		 May 7, 2007				     2
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