SYSTAT(1) BSD General Commands Manual SYSTAT(1)NAMEsystat — display system statistics on a CRT
SYNOPSISsystat [-n] [-M core] [-N system] [-t turns] [-w wait] [display]
[refresh-interval]
DESCRIPTIONsystat displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
using the curses screen display library, curses(3).
While systat is running the screen is usually divided into two windows
(an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
upper window depicts the current system load average. The information
displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user commands. The
last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
By default systat displays the processes getting the largest percentage
of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show more detailed
process information, swap space usage, disk usage statistics (a la
df(1)), disk I/O statistics (a la iostat(8)), virtual memory statistics
(a la vmstat(1)), network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections
(a la netstat(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global'' command
interpreter processes all keyboard input. If this command interpreter
fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a per-display
command interpreter. This allows each display to have certain display-
specific commands.
Command line options:
-M core Extract values associated with the name list from core
instead of the default /dev/mem.
-N system Extract the name list from system instead of the
default /netbsd.
-n Do not resolve IP addresses into string hostnames
(FQDNs) on netstat. It has the same effect as numbers
subcommand in netstat.
-w wait See refresh-interval.
-t turns How many refreshes to show each screen in 'all' display
mode.
display The display argument expects to be one of: all,
bufcache, df, inet.icmp, inet.ip, inet.tcp,
inet.tcpsyn, inet6.ip6, iostat, mbufs, netstat, pigs,
ps, swap, syscall or vmstat. These displays can also
be requested interactively and are described in full
detail below.
refresh-interval The refresh-interval specifies the screen refresh time
interval in seconds. This is provided for backwards
compatibility, and overrides the refresh-interval spec‐
ified with the -w flag.
Certain characters cause immediate action by systat. These are
^L Refresh the screen.
^G Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in the
lower window and the refresh interval.
^Z Stop systat.
?, h Print the names of the available displays on the command
line.
: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command. While entering a command the cur‐
rent character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
may be used.
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' command inter‐
preter.
help key Print the names of the available displays on the command
line. It will print long names as “inet.*”. To print items
under “inet”, give inet as key.
load Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes on
the command line.
stop Stop refreshing the screen.
[start] [number]
Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second,
numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh
interval in seconds. Supplying only a number will set the
refresh interval to this value.
quit Exit systat. (This may be abbreviated to q.)
The available displays are:
all Cycle through all displays automatically. At each display,
wait some refresh-turns, then switch to the next display.
Duration of one refresh-turn is adjustable with the -w
option, number of refresh-turns can be changed with the -t
option.
bufcache Display, in the lower window, statistics about the file sys‐
tem buffers. Statistics for each file system that has active
buffers include the number of buffers for that file system,
the number of active kilobytes in those buffers and the total
size of the buffers for that file system.
df Lists disk usage statistics for all filesystems, including
the available free space as well as a bar graph indicating
the used capacity.
The following commands are specific to the df display:
all Displays information for all filesystems, includ‐
ing kernfs, procfs and null-mounts.
some Suppress information about procfs, kernfs and
null-mounts (default).
inet.icmp Display ICMP statistics.
inet.ip Display IPv4 and UDP statistics.
inet.tcp Display TCP statistics.
inet.tcpsyn
Display statistics about the TCP ``syncache''.
inet6.ip6 Display IPv6 statistics.
iostat Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode
(``user''), in user mode running low priority processes
(``nice''), in system mode (``system''), and idle (``idle'').
Statistics on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes
of data transferred, number of disk transactions performed,
and time spent in disk accesses in milliseconds. This infor‐
mation may be displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers
which scroll downward. Bar graphs are shown by default;
The following commands are specific to the iostat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
numbers Show the disk I/O statistics in numeric form.
Values are displayed in numeric columns which
scroll downward.
bars Show the disk I/O statistics in bar graph form
(default).
secs Toggle the display of time in disk activity (the
default is to not display time).
all Show the read and write statistics combined
(default).
rw Show the read and write statistics separately.
mbufs Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
netstat Display, in the lower window, network connections. By
default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
Each address is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with
each shown symbolically, when possible. It is possible to
have addresses displayed numerically, limit the display to a
set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols (the minimum unambigu‐
ous prefix may be supplied):
all Toggle the displaying of server processes
awaiting requests (this is the equivalent of
the -a flag to netstat 1).
numbers Display network addresses numerically.
names Display network addresses symbolically.
protocol Display only network connections using the
indicated protocol (currently either ``tcp'' or
``udp'').
ignore [items]
Do not display information about connections
associated with the specified hosts or ports.
Hosts and ports may be specified by name
(``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host
addresses use the Internet dot notation
(``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items may be speci‐
fied with a single command by separating them
with spaces.
display [items]
Display information about the connections asso‐
ciated with the specified hosts or ports. As
for ignore, [items] may be names or numbers.
show [ports|hosts]
Show, on the command line, the currently
selected protocols, hosts, and ports. Hosts
and ports which are being ignored are prefixed
with a `!'. If ports or hosts is supplied as
an argument to show, then only the requested
information will be displayed.
reset Reset the port, host, and protocol matching
mechanisms to the default (any protocol, port,
or host).
pigs Display, in the lower window, those processes which are get‐
ting the largest portion of the processor (the default dis‐
play). When less than 100% of the processor is scheduled to
user processes, the remaining time is accounted to the
``idle'' process.
ps Display, in the lower window, the same information provided
by the command ps(1) with the flags -aux.
The following command is specific to the ps display; the min‐
imum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
user name Limit the list of processes displayed to those
owned by user name. If name is specified as `+',
processes owned by any user are displayed
(default).
swap Show information about swap space usage on all the swap areas
configured with swapctl(8). The first column is the device
name of the partition. The next column is the total space
available in the partition. The Used column indicates the
total blocks used so far; the graph shows the percentage of
space in use on each partition. If there are more than one
swap partition in use, a total line is also shown. Areas
known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not avail‐
able.
syscall Show per system call statistics. The display consists of
several columns of system call name and counts.
In order to stop entries moving around the screen too much,
an infinite response filter is applied to the values before
they are sorted.
The following commands are specific to the syscall display:
sort name Sort display by the syscall name (default).
sort count Sort display by the count of calls or time
spent in the calls.
sort syscall Sort display be syscall number.
show count Show the number of times the system call has be
called (default).
show time Show the average amount of time (in arbitrary
units) spent in a call of the syscall.
vmstat Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) com‐
pendium of statistics related to virtual memory usage,
process scheduling, device interrupts, system name transla‐
tion caching, disk I/O etc.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number of
users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
and fifteen minute intervals. Below this is a list of the
average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait
other than paging (`d'), sleeping (`s'). Below the queue
length listing is a numerical listing and a bar graph showing
the amount of system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'),
nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
To the right of the process statistics is a column that lists
the average number of context switches (`Csw'), traps (`Trp';
includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts
(`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), page faults
(`Flt').
Below this are statistics on memory utilization. The first
row of the table reports memory usage only among active pro‐
cesses, that is processes that have run in the previous
twenty seconds. The second row reports on memory usage of
all processes. The first column reports on the number of
physical pages claimed by processes. The second column
reports the number of pages of memory and swap. The third
column gives the number of pages of free memory and swap.
Below the memory display are statistics on name translations.
It lists the number of names translated in the previous
interval, the number and percentage of the translations that
were handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
the number and percentage of the translations that were han‐
dled by the per process name translation cache.
At the bottom left is the disk usage display. It reports the
number of seeks, transfers, number of kilobyte blocks trans‐
ferred per second averaged over the refresh period of the
display (by default, five seconds), and the time spent in
disk accesses. If there are more than five disks, and the
terminal window has more than 24 lines, the disks display
will be flipped so that more of the disk statistics are visi‐
ble.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statis‐
tics on paging and swapping activity. The first two columns
report the average number of pages brought in and out per
second over the last refresh interval due to page faults and
the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns report the
average number of pages brought in and out per second over
the last refresh interval due to swap requests initiated by
the scheduler. The first row of the display shows the aver‐
age number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh
interval; the second row of the display shows the average
number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh
interval.
Below the paging statistics is another columns of paging
data. From top to bottom, these represent average numbers of
copy on write faults (`cow'), object cache lookups (`objlk'),
object cache hits (`objht'), pages zero filled on demand
(`zfodw'), number zfod's created (`nzfod'), percentage of
zfod's used (`%zfod'), number of kernel pages (`kern'), num‐
ber of wired pages (`wire'), number of active pages (`act'),
number of inactive pages (`inact'), number of free pages
(`free'), pages freed by daemon (`daefr'), pages freed by
exiting processes (`prcfr'), number of pages reactivated from
freelist (`react'), scans in page out daemon (`scan'), revo‐
lutions of the hand (`hdrev'), and in-transit blocking page
faults (`intrn'), per second over the refresh period. Note
that the `%zfod' percentage is usually less than 100%, how‐
ever it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests are
actually used long after they were set up during a period
when no new pages are being set up. Thus this figure is most
interesting when observed over a long time period, such as
from boot time (see below on getting such a display).
To the left of the column of paging statistics is a breakdown
of the interrupts being handled by the system. At the top of
the list is the total interrupts per second over the time
interval. The rest of the column breaks down the total on a
device by device basis. Only devices that have interrupted
at least once since boot time are shown.
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the minimum
unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. Certain informa‐
tion may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display.
For example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar graph displays
only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would overflow the
allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value is printed
``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are common to each display which shows information
about disk drives. These commands are used to select a set of drives to
report on, should your system have more drives configured than can nor‐
mally be displayed on the screen.
display [drives]
Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
ignore [drives]
Do not display information about the drives indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
drives [drives]
With no arguments, display a list of available drives.
With arguments, replace the list of currently displayed
drives with the ones specified.
The following commands are specific to the inet.*, inet6.*, syscall and
vmstat displays; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
boot Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
run Display statistics as a running total from the point this
command is given.
time Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the
default).
zero Reset running statistics to zero.
FILES
/netbsd For the namelist.
/dev/kmem For information in main memory.
/etc/hosts For host names.
/etc/networks For network names.
/etc/services For port names.
NOTES
Much of the information that systat vmstat uses is obtained from struct
vmmeter cnt.
SEE ALSOdf(1), netstat(1), ps(1), top(1), vmstat(1), iostat(8), pstat(8)HISTORY
The systat program appeared in 4.3BSD.
BUGS
Consumes CPU resources and thus may skew statistics.
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
The vmstat display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as a
separate display from what used to be a different program).
BSD January 5, 2012 BSD
