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TAIL(1)				 User Commands			       TAIL(1)

NAME
       tail - output the last part of files

SYNOPSIS
       tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       Print  the  last	 10  lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more
       than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file  name.	  With
       no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       Mandatory  arguments  to	 long  options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       -c, --bytes=K
	      output the last K bytes; alternatively,  use  -c	+K  to	output
	      bytes starting with the Kth of each file

       -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
	      output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --fol‐
	      low=descriptor are equivalent

       -F     same as --follow=name --retry

       -n, --lines=K
	      output the last K lines, instead of the last 10; or use -n +K to
	      output lines starting with the Kth

       --max-unchanged-stats=N
	      with  --follow=name,  reopen  a  FILE which has not changed size
	      after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or
	      renamed  (this  is  the  usual case of rotated log files).  With
	      inotify, this option is rarely useful.

       --pid=PID
	      with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies

       -q, --quiet, --silent
	      never output headers giving file names

       --retry
	      keep trying to open a file even when it is or becomes inaccessi‐
	      ble; useful when following by name, i.e., with --follow=name

       -s, --sleep-interval=N
	      with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between
	      iterations.  With inotify, this option is rarely useful.

       -v, --verbose
	      always output headers giving file names

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines)  is  a  `+',
       print  beginning	 with the Kth item from the start of each file, other‐
       wise, print the last K items in the file.  K may have a multiplier suf‐
       fix:   b	  512,	kB  1000,  K  1024,  MB	 1000*1000,  M	1024*1024,  GB
       1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

       With --follow (-f), tail defaults to  following	the  file  descriptor,
       which  means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue
       to track its end.  This default behavior	 is  not  desirable  when  you
       really want to track the actual name of the file, not the file descrip‐
       tor (e.g., log rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.  That causes
       tail  to	 track	the  named  file  in a way that accommodates renaming,
       removal and creation.

AUTHOR
       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim  Mey‐
       ering.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report tail bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
       GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
       Report tail translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright  ©  2011  Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU
       GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free  to	change	and  redistribute  it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       The  full documentation for tail is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If
       the info and tail programs are properly installed  at  your  site,  the
       command

	      info coreutils 'tail invocation'

       should give you access to the complete manual.

GNU coreutils 8.8.12-b3c95	 January 2011			       TAIL(1)
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