tcpreplay-edit(1) User Commands tcpreplay-edit(1)NAME
tcpreplay-edit - Replay network traffic stored in pcap files
SYNOPSIS
tcpreplay-edit [-flags] [-flag [value]] [--option-name[[=| ]value]]
<pcap_file(s)>
tcpreplay is a tool for replaying network traffic from files saved with
tcpdump or other tools which write pcap(3) files.
DESCRIPTION
The basic operation of tcpreplay is to resend all packets from the
input file(s) at the speed at which they were recorded, or a specified
data rate, up to as fast as the hardware is capable.
Optionally, the traffic can be split between two interfaces, written to
files, filtered and edited in various ways, providing the means to test
firewalls, NIDS and other network devices.
For more details, please see the Tcpreplay Manual at: http://tcpre‐
play.appneta.com
OPTIONS-r string, --portmap=string
Rewrite TCP/UDP ports. This option may appear up to 9999 times.
Specify a list of comma delimited port mappingings consisting of
colon delimited port number pairs. Each colon delimited port
pair consists of the port to match followed by the port number
to rewrite.
Examples:
--portmap=80:8000 --portmap=8080:80 # 80->8000 and 8080->80
--portmap=8000,8080,88888:80 # 3 different ports become 80
--portmap=8000-8999:80 # ports 8000 to 8999 become 80
-s number, --seed=number
Randomize src/dst IPv4/v6 addresses w/ given seed. This option
may appear up to 1 times. This option must not appear in combi‐
nation with any of the following options: fuzz-seed. This
option takes an integer number as its argument.
Causes the source and destination IPv4/v6 addresses to be pseudo
randomized but still maintain client/server relationships.
Since the randomization is deterministic based on the seed, you
can reuse the same seed value to recreate the traffic.
-N string, --pnat=string
Rewrite IPv4/v6 addresses using pseudo-NAT. This option may
appear up to 2 times. This option must not appear in combina‐
tion with any of the following options: srcipmap.
Takes a comma delimited series of colon delimited CIDR netblock
pairs. Each netblock pair is evaluated in order against the IP
addresses. If the IP address in the packet matches the first
netblock, it is rewritten using the second netblock as a mask
against the high order bits.
IPv4 Example:
--pnat=192.168.0.0/16:10.77.0.0/16,172.16.0.0/12:10.1.0.0/24
IPv6 Example:
--pnat=[2001:db8::/32]:[dead::/16],[2001:db8::/32]:[::ffff:0:0/96]
-S string, --srcipmap=string
Rewrite source IPv4/v6 addresses using pseudo-NAT. This option
may appear up to 1 times. This option must not appear in combi‐
nation with any of the following options: pnat.
Works just like the --pnat option, but only affects the source
IP addresses in the IPv4/v6 header.
-D string, --dstipmap=string
Rewrite destination IPv4/v6 addresses using pseudo-NAT. This
option may appear up to 1 times. This option must not appear in
combination with any of the following options: pnat.
Works just like the --pnat option, but only affects the destina‐
tion IP addresses in the IPv4/v6 header.
-e string, --endpoints=string
Rewrite IP addresses to be between two endpoints. This option
may appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combina‐
tion with the following options: cachefile.
Takes a pair of colon delimited IPv4/v6 addresses which will be
used to rewrite all traffic to appear to be between the two IP
addresses.
IPv4 Example:
--endpoints=172.16.0.1:172.16.0.2
IPv6 Example:
--endpoints=[2001:db8::dead:beef]:[::ffff:0:0:ac:f:0:2]
-b, --skipbroadcast
Skip rewriting broadcast/multicast IPv4/v6 addresses.
By default --seed, --pnat and --endpoints will rewrite broadcast
and multicast IPv4/v6 and MAC addresses. Setting this flag will
keep broadcast/multicast IPv4/v6 and MAC addresses from being
rewritten.
-C, --fixcsum
Force recalculation of IPv4/TCP/UDP header checksums.
Causes each IPv4/v6 packet to have their checksums recalculated
and fixed. Automatically enabled for packets modified with
--seed, --pnat, --endpoints or --fixlen.
-m number, --mtu=number
Override default MTU length (1500 bytes). This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as
its argument. The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 1 through MAXPACKET
Override the default 1500 byte MTU size for determining the max‐
imum padding length (--fixlen=pad) or when truncating (--mtu-
trunc).
--mtu-trunc
Truncate packets larger then specified MTU. This option may
appear up to 1 times.
Similar to --fixlen, this option will truncate data in packets
from Layer 3 and above to be no larger then the MTU.
-E, --efcs
Remove Ethernet checksums (FCS) from end of frames.
Note, this option is pretty dangerous! We do not actually check
to see if a FCS actually exists in the frame, we just blindly
delete the last 4 bytes. Hence, you should only use this if you
know know that your OS provides the FCS when reading raw pack‐
ets.
--ttl=string
Modify the IPv4/v6 TTL/Hop Limit.
Allows you to modify the TTL/Hop Limit of all the IPv4/v6 pack‐
ets. Specify a number to hard-code the value or +/-value to
increase or decrease by the value provided (limited to 1-255).
Examples:
--ttl=10
--ttl=+7
--ttl=-64
--tos=number
Set the IPv4 TOS/DiffServ/ECN byte. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its argu‐
ment. The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 255
Allows you to override the TOS (also known as DiffServ/ECN)
value in IPv4.
--tclass=number
Set the IPv6 Traffic Class byte. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 255
Allows you to override the IPv6 Traffic Class field.
--flowlabel=number
Set the IPv6 Flow Label. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 1048575
Allows you to override the 20bit IPv6 Flow Label field. Has no
effect on IPv4 packets.
-F string, --fixlen=string
Pad or truncate packet data to match header length. This option
may appear up to 1 times.
Packets may be truncated during capture if the snaplen is
smaller then the packet. This option allows you to modify the
packet to pad the packet back out to the size stored in the
IPv4/v6 header or rewrite the IP header total length to reflect
the stored packet length.
pad Truncated packets will be padded out so that the packet
length matches the IPv4 total length
trunc Truncated packets will have their IPv4 total length field
rewritten to match the actual packet length
del Delete the packet
--fuzz-seed=number
Fuzz 1 in X packets. Edit bytes, length, or emulate packet drop.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 0
The default number for this option is:
0
This fuzzing was designed as to test layer 7 protocols such as
voip protocols. It modifies randomly 1 out of X packets (where
X = --fuzz-factor) in order for stateful protocols to cover more
of their code. The random fuzzing actions focus on data start
and end because it often is the part of the data application
protocols base their decisions on.
Possible fuzzing actions list:
* drop packet
* reduce packet size
* edit packet Bytes:
* Not all Bytes have the same probability of appearance in
real life.
Replace with 0x00, 0xFF, or a random byte with equal like‐
lyhook
* Not all Bytes have the same significance in a packet.
Replace the start, the end, or the middle of the packet
with equal likelihood.
* do nothing (7 out of 8 packets)
--fuzz-factor=number
Set the Fuzz 1 in X packet ratio (default 1 in 8 packets). This
option must appear in combination with the following options:
fuzz-seed. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The value of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 1
The default number for this option is:
8
Sets the ratio of for --fuzz-seed option. By default this value
is 8, which means 1 in 8 packets are modified by fuzzing. Note
that this ratio is based on the random number genereated by the
supplied fuzz seed. Therefore by default you cannot expect that
exactly every eighth packet will be modified.
--skipl2broadcast
Skip rewriting broadcast/multicast Layer 2 addresses.
By default, editing Layer 2 addresses will rewrite broadcast and
multicast MAC addresses. Setting this flag will keep broad‐
cast/multicast MAC addresses from being rewritten.
--dlt=string
Override output DLT encapsulation. This option may appear up to
1 times.
By default, no DLT (data link type) conversion will be made. To
change the DLT type of the output pcap, select one of the fol‐
lowing values:
enet Ethernet aka DLT_EN10MB
hdlc Cisco HDLC aka DLT_C_HDLC
jnpr_ether Juniper Ethernet DLT_C_JNPR_ETHER
pppserial PPP Serial aka DLT_PPP_SERIAL
user User specified Layer 2 header and DLT type
--enet-dmac=string
Override destination ethernet MAC addresses. This option may
appear up to 1 times.
Takes a pair of comma deliminated ethernet MAC addresses which
will replace the destination MAC address of outbound packets.
The first MAC address will be used for the server to client
traffic and the optional second MAC address will be used for the
client to server traffic.
Example:
--enet-dmac=00:12:13:14:15:16,00:22:33:44:55:66
--enet-smac=string
Override source ethernet MAC addresses. This option may appear
up to 1 times.
Takes a pair of comma deliminated ethernet MAC addresses which
will replace the source MAC address of outbound packets. The
first MAC address will be used for the server to client traffic
and the optional second MAC address will be used for the client
to server traffic.
Example:
--enet-smac=00:12:13:14:15:16,00:22:33:44:55:66
--enet-subsmac=string
Substitute MAC addresses. This option may appear up to 9999
times.
Allows you to rewrite ethernet MAC addresses of packets. It
takes comma delimited pair or MACs address and rewrites all
occurrences of the first MAC with the value of the second MAC.
Example:
--enet-subsmac=00:12:13:14:15:16,00:22:33:44:55:66
--enet-mac-seed=number
Randomize MAC addresses. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option must not appear in combination with any of the fol‐
lowing options: enet-smac, enet-dmac, enet-subsmac. This option
takes an integer number as its argument.
Allows you to randomize ethernet MAC addresses of packets,
mostly like what --seed option does for IPv4/IPv6 addresses.
--enet-mac-seed-keep-bytes=number
Randomize MAC addresses. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option must appear in combination with the following
options: enet-mac-seed. This option takes an integer number as
its argument. The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 1 through 6
Keep some bytes untouched when usinging --enet-mac-seed option.
--enet-vlan=string
Specify ethernet 802.1q VLAN tag mode. This option may appear
up to 1 times.
Allows you to rewrite ethernet frames to add a 802.1q header to
standard 802.3 ethernet headers or remove the 802.1q VLAN tag
information.
add Rewrites the existing 802.3 ethernet header as an 802.1q
VLAN header
del Rewrites the existing 802.1q VLAN header as an 802.3 ether‐
net header
--enet-vlan-tag=number
Specify the new ethernet 802.1q VLAN tag value. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: enet-vlan. This option takes an
integer number as its argument. The value of number is con‐
strained to being:
in the range 0 through 4095
--enet-vlan-cfi=number
Specify the ethernet 802.1q VLAN CFI value. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: enet-vlan. This option takes an
integer number as its argument. The value of number is con‐
strained to being:
in the range 0 through 1
--enet-vlan-pri=number
Specify the ethernet 802.1q VLAN priority. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: enet-vlan. This option takes an
integer number as its argument. The value of number is con‐
strained to being:
in the range 0 through 7
--hdlc-control=number
Specify HDLC control value. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The Cisco HDLC header has a 1 byte "control" field. Apparently
this should always be 0, but if you can use any 1 byte value.
--hdlc-address=number
Specify HDLC address. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The Cisco HDLC header has a 1 byte "address" field which has two
valid values:
0x0F Unicast
0xBF Broadcast
You can however specify any single byte value.
--user-dlt=number
Set output file DLT type. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
Set the DLT value of the output pcap file.
--user-dlink=string
Rewrite Data-Link layer with user specified data. This option
may appear up to 2 times.
Provide a series of comma deliminated hex values which will be
used to rewrite or create the Layer 2 header of the packets.
The first instance of this argument will rewrite both server and
client traffic, but if this argument is specified a second time,
it will be used for the client traffic.
Example:
--user-dlink=01,02,03,04,05,06,00,1A,2B,3C,4D,5E,6F,08,00
-d number, --dbug=number
Enable debugging output. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 5
The default number for this option is:
0
If configured with --enable-debug, then you can specify a ver‐
bosity level for debugging output. Higher numbers increase ver‐
bosity.
-q, --quiet
Quiet mode.
Print nothing except the statistics at the end of the run
-T string, --timer=string
Select packet timing mode: select, ioport, gtod, nano. This
option may appear up to 1 times. The default string for this
option is:
gtod
Allows you to select the packet timing method to use:
nano - Use nanosleep() API
select - Use select() API
ioport - Write to the i386 IO Port 0x80
gtod [default] - Use a gettimeofday() loop
--maxsleep=number
Sleep for no more then X milliseconds between packets. This
option takes an integer number as its argument. The default
number for this option is:
0
Set a limit for the maximum number of milliseconds that tcpre‐
play will sleep between packets. Effectively prevents long
delays between packets without effecting the majority of pack‐
ets. Default is disabled.
-v, --verbose
Print decoded packets via tcpdump to STDOUT. This option may
appear up to 1 times.
-A string, --decode=string
Arguments passed to tcpdump decoder. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option must appear in combination with the
following options: verbose.
When enabling verbose mode (-v) you may also specify one or more
additional arguments to pass to tcpdump to modify the way pack‐
ets are decoded. By default, -n and -l are used. Be sure to
quote the arguments like: -A "-axxx" so that they are not inter‐
preted by tcpreplay. Please see the tcpdump(1) man page for a
complete list of options.
-K, --preload-pcap
Preloads packets into RAM before sending.
This option loads the specified pcap(s) into RAM before starting
to send in order to improve replay performance while introducing
a startup performance hit. Preloading can be used with or with‐
out --loop. This option also suppresses flow statistics collec‐
tion for every iteration, which can significantly reduce memory
usage. Flow statistics are predicted based on options supplied
and statistics collected from the first loop iteration.
-c string, --cachefile=string
Split traffic via a tcpprep cache file. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination with the
following options: intf2. This option must not appear in combi‐
nation with any of the following options: dualfile.
If you have a pcap file you would like to use to send bi-direc‐
tional traffic through a device (firewall, router, IDS, etc)
then using tcpprep you can create a cachefile which tcpreplay
will use to split the traffic across two network interfaces.
-2, --dualfile
Replay two files at a time from a network tap. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: intf2. This option must not appear
in combination with any of the following options: cachefile.
If you captured network traffic using a network tap, then you
can end up with two pcap files- one for each direction. This
option will replay these two files at the same time, one on each
interface and inter-mix them using the timestamps in each.
-i string, --intf1=string
Client to server/RX/primary traffic output interface. This
option may appear up to 1 times.
Required network interface used to send either all traffic or
traffic which is marked as 'primary' via tcpprep. Primary traf‐
fic is usually client-to-server or inbound (RX) on khial virtual
interfaces.
-I string, --intf2=string
Server to client/TX/secondary traffic output interface. This
option may appear up to 1 times.
Optional network interface used to send traffic which is marked
as 'secondary' via tcpprep. Secondary traffic is usually
server-to-client or outbound (TX) on khial virtual interfaces.
Generally, it only makes sense to use this option with
--cachefile.
--listnics
List available network interfaces and exit.
-l number, --loop=number
Loop through the capture file X times. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its argu‐
ment. The value of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 0
The default number for this option is:
1
--loopdelay-ms=number
Delay between loops in milliseconds. This option must appear in
combination with the following options: loop. This option takes
an integer number as its argument. The value of number is con‐
strained to being:
greater than or equal to 0
The default number for this option is:
0
--pktlen
Override the snaplen and use the actual packet len. This option
may appear up to 1 times.
By default, tcpreplay will send packets based on the size of the
"snaplen" stored in the pcap file which is usually the correct
thing to do. However, occasionally, tools will store more bytes
then told to. By specifying this option, tcpreplay will ignore
the snaplen field and instead try to send packets based on the
original packet length. Bad things may happen if you specify
this option.
-L number, --limit=number
Limit the number of packets to send. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its argu‐
ment. The value of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 1
The default number for this option is:
-1
By default, tcpreplay will send all the packets. Alternatively,
you can specify a maximum number of packets to send.
--duration=number
Limit the number of seconds to send. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its argu‐
ment. The value of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 1
The default number for this option is:
-1
By default, tcpreplay will send all the packets. Alternatively,
you can specify a maximum number of seconds to transmit.
-x string, --multiplier=string
Modify replay speed to a given multiple. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option must not appear in combination with
any of the following options: pps, mbps, oneatatime, topspeed.
Specify a value to modify the packet replay speed. Examples:
2.0 will replay traffic at twice the speed captured
0.7 will replay traffic at 70% the speed captured
-p string, --pps=string
Replay packets at a given packets/sec. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option must not appear in combination with
any of the following options: multiplier, mbps, oneatatime, top‐
speed.
Specify a value to regulate the packet replay to a specific
packet-per-second rate. Examples:
200 will replay traffic at 200 packets per second
0.25 will replay traffic at 15 packets per minute
-M string, --mbps=string
Replay packets at a given Mbps. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option must not appear in combination with any of
the following options: multiplier, pps, oneatatime, topspeed.
Specify a floating point value for the Mbps rate that tcpreplay
should send packets at.
-t, --topspeed
Replay packets as fast as possible. This option must not appear
in combination with any of the following options: mbps, multi‐
plier, pps, oneatatime.
-o, --oneatatime
Replay one packet at a time for each user input. This option
must not appear in combination with any of the following
options: mbps, pps, multiplier, topspeed.
Allows you to step through one or more packets at a time.
--pps-multi=number
Number of packets to send for each time interval. This option
must appear in combination with the following options: pps.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 1
The default number for this option is:
1
When trying to send packets at very high rates, the time between
each packet can be so short that it is impossible to accurately
sleep for the required period of time. This option allows you
to send multiple packets at a time, thus allowing for longer
sleep times which can be more accurately implemented.
--unique-ip
Modify IP addresses each loop iteration to generate unique
flows. This option must appear in combination with the follow‐
ing options: loop. This option must not appear in combination
with any of the following options: seed, fuzz-seed.
Ensure IPv4 and IPv6 packets will be unique for each --loop
iteration. This is done in a way that will not alter packet
CRC, and therefore will genrally not affect performance. This
option will significantly increase the flows/sec over generated
over multiple loop iterations.
--unique-ip-loops=string
Number of times to loop before assigning new unique ip. This
option may appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in
combination with the following options: unique-ip.
Number of --loop iterations before a new unique IP is assigned.
Default is 1. Assumes both --loop and --unique-ip.
--netmap
Write packets directly to netmap enabled network adapter.
This feature will detect netmap capable network drivers on Linux
and BSD systems. If detected, the network driver is bypassed for
the execution duration, and network buffers will be written to
directly. This will allow you to achieve full line rates on com‐
modity network adapters, similar to rates achieved by commercial
network traffic generators. Note that bypassing the network
driver will disrupt other applications connected through the
test interface. See INSTALL for more information.
This feature can also be enabled by specifying an interface as
'netmap:<intf>' or 'vale:<intf>. For example 'netmap:eth0' spec‐
ifies netmap over interface eth0.
--nm-delay=number
Netmap startup delay. This option takes an integer number as
its argument. The default number for this option is:
10
Number of seconds to delay after netmap is loaded. Required to
ensure interfaces are fully up before netmap transmit. Requires
netmap option. Default is 10 seconds.
--no-flow-stats
Suppress printing and tracking flow count, rates and expira‐
tions.
Suppress the collection and printing of flow statistics. This
option may improve performance when not using --preload-pcap
option, otherwise its only function is to suppress printing.
The flow feature will track and print statistics of the flows
being sent. A flow is loosely defined as a unique combination
of a 5-tuple, i.e. source IP, destination IP, source port, des‐
tination port and protocol.
If --loop is specified, the flows from one iteration to the next
will not be unique, unless the packets are altered. Use
--unique-ip or tcpreplay-edit to alter packets between itera‐
tions.
--flow-expiry=number
Number of inactive seconds before a flow is considered expired.
This option must not appear in combination with any of the fol‐
lowing options: no-flow-stats. This option takes an integer
number as its argument. The value of number is constrained to
being:
greater than or equal to 0
The default number for this option is:
0
This option will track and report flow expirations based on the
flow idle times. The timestamps within the pcap file are used to
determine the expiry, not the actual timestamp of the packets
are replayed. For example, a value of 30 suggests that if no
traffic is seen on a flow for 30 seconds, any subsequent traffic
would be considered a new flow, and thereby will increment the
flows and flows per second (fps) statistics.
This option can be used to optimize flow timeout settings for
flow products. Setting the timeout low may lead to flows being
dropped when in fact the flow is simply slow to respond. Config‐
uring your flow timeouts too high may increase resources
required by your flow product.
Note that using this option while replaying at higher than orig‐
inal speeds can lead to inflated flows and fps counts.
Default is 0 (no expiry) and a typical value is 30-120 seconds.
-P, --pid
Print the PID of tcpreplay at startup.
--stats=number
Print statistics every X seconds, or every loop if '0'. This
option takes an integer number as its argument. The value of
number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 0
Note that timed delays are a "best effort" and long delays
between sending packets may cause equally long delays between
printing statistics.
-V, --version
Print version information.
-h, --less-help
Display less usage information and exit.
-H, --help
Display usage information and exit.
-!, --more-help
Pass the extended usage information through a pager.
--save-opts [=cfgfile]
Save the option state to cfgfile. The default is the last con‐
figuration file listed in the OPTION PRESETS section, below.
The command will exit after updating the config file.
--load-opts=cfgfile, --no-load-opts
Load options from cfgfile. The no-load-opts form will disable
the loading of earlier config/rc/ini files. --no-load-opts is
handled early, out of order.
OPTION PRESETS
Any option that is not marked as not presettable may be preset by load‐
ing values from configuration ("RC" or ".INI") file(s). The homerc
file is "$$/", unless that is a directory. In that case, the file
".tcpreplay-editrc" is searched for within that directory.
FILES
See OPTION PRESETS for configuration files.
EXIT STATUS
One of the following exit values will be returned:
0 (EXIT_SUCCESS)
Successful program execution.
1 (EXIT_FAILURE)
The operation failed or the command syntax was not valid.
66 (EX_NOINPUT)
A specified configuration file could not be loaded.
70 (EX_SOFTWARE)
libopts had an internal operational error. Please report it to
autogen-users@lists.sourceforge.net. Thank you.
AUTHORS
Copyright 2013-2017 Fred Klassen - AppNeta Copyright 2000-2012 Aaron
Turner For support please use the tcpreplay-users@lists.sourceforge.net
mailing list. The latest version of this software is always available
from: http://tcpreplay.appneta.com/
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2000-2017 Aaron Turner and Fred Klassen all rights
reserved. This program is released under the terms of the GNU General
Public License, version 3 or later.
BUGS
Please send bug reports to: tcpreplay-users@lists.sourceforge.net
NOTES
This manual page was AutoGen-erated from the tcpreplay-edit option def‐
initions.
tcpreplay 16 May 2017 tcpreplay-edit(1)
