xfs_quota man page on Manjaro

Man page or keyword search:  
man Server   11224 pages
apropos Keyword Search (all sections)
Output format
Manjaro logo
[printable version]

xfs_quota(8)							  xfs_quota(8)

NAME
       xfs_quota - manage use of quota on XFS filesystems

SYNOPSIS
       xfs_quota  [  -x ] [ -p prog ] [ -c cmd ] ... [ -d project ] ... [ path
       ... ]
       xfs_quota -V

DESCRIPTION
       xfs_quota is a utility for reporting and	 editing  various  aspects  of
       filesystem quota.

       The options to xfs_quota are:

       -c cmd	 xfs_quota  commands may be run interactively (the default) or
		 as arguments on the command line. Multiple -c	arguments  may
		 be  given.   The commands are run in the sequence given, then
		 the program exits.

       -p prog	 Set the program name for prompts and some error messages, the
		 default value is xfs_quota.

       -x	 Enable	 expert mode.  All of the administrative commands (see
		 the ADMINISTRATOR COMMANDS section below) which allow modifi‐
		 cations  to  the  quota  system  are available only in expert
		 mode.

       -d project
		 Project names or numeric identifiers may  be  specified  with
		 this  option,	which  restricts  the output of the individual
		 xfs_quota commands to the set of projects specified. Multiple
		 -d arguments may be given.

       -V	 Prints the version number and exits.

       The  optional  path  argument(s) can be used to specify mount points or
       device files which identify XFS filesystems. The output of the individ‐
       ual  xfs_quota  commands will then be restricted to the set of filesys‐
       tems specified.

       This manual page is divided into two sections  -	 firstly,  information
       for users of filesystems with quota enabled, and the xfs_quota commands
       of interest to such users; and then information which is useful only to
       administrators  of  XFS	filesystems using quota and the quota commands
       which allow modifications to the quota system.

       Note that common to almost all of  the  individual  commands  described
       below  are the options for specifying which quota types are of interest
       - user quota (-u), group quota (-g), and/or project quota (-p).	 Also,
       several	commands  provide  options  to	operate on "blocks used" (-b),
       "inodes used" (-i), and/or "realtime blocks used" (-r).

       Many commands also have extensive online help. Use the help command for
       more details on any command.

QUOTA OVERVIEW
       In  most computing environments, disk space is not infinite.  The quota
       subsystem provides a mechanism to control usage of disk space.	Quotas
       can  be	set  for each individual user on any/all of the local filesys‐
       tems.  The quota subsystem warns users when they exceed their  allotted
       limit,  but  allows  some extra space for current work (hard limit/soft
       limit).	In addition, XFS filesystems with limit enforcement turned off
       can be used as an effective disk usage accounting system.

   Users' View of Disk Quotas
       To  most	 users, disk quotas are either of no concern or a fact of life
       that cannot be avoided.	There are two  possible	 quotas	 that  can  be
       imposed	- a limit can be set on the amount of space a user can occupy,
       and there may be a limit on the number of files (inodes) he can own.

       The quota command provides information on the quotas that have been set
       by the system administrators and current usage.

       There  are  four	 numbers  for  each  limit:  current usage, soft limit
       (quota), hard limit, and time limit.  The soft limit is the  number  of
       1K-blocks  (or  files)  that the user is expected to remain below.  The
       hard limit cannot be exceeded.  If a  user's  usage  reaches  the  hard
       limit,  further	requests for space (or attempts to create a file) fail
       with the "Quota exceeded" (EDQUOT) error.

       When a user exceeds the soft limit, the timer is enabled.  Any time the
       quota drops below the soft limits, the timer is disabled.  If the timer
       pops, the particular limit that has been exceeded is treated as if  the
       hard limit has been reached, and no more resources are allocated to the
       user.  The only way to reset this condition, short of turning off limit
       enforcement  or	increasing  the limit, is to reduce usage below quota.
       Only the superuser (i.e. a sufficiently capable process)	 can  set  the
       time limits and this is done on a per filesystem basis.

   Surviving When the Quota Limit Is Reached
       In  most cases, the only way for a user to recover from over-quota con‐
       ditions is to abort whatever activity is in progress on the  filesystem
       that  has reached its limit, remove sufficient files to bring the limit
       back below quota, and retry the failed program.
       However, if a user is in the editor and a write	fails  because	of  an
       over  quota  situation, that is not a suitable course of action.	 It is
       most likely that initially attempting to write the file	has  truncated
       its  previous  contents,	 so if the editor is aborted without correctly
       writing the file, not only are the recent changes  lost,	 but  possibly
       much, or even all, of the contents that previously existed.
       There  are several possible safe exits for a user caught in this situa‐
       tion.  He can use the editor shell escape command to examine  his  file
       space  and  remove  surplus  files.  Alternatively, using sh(1), he can
       suspend the editor, remove some files, then resume it.  A third	possi‐
       bility is to write the file to some other filesystem (perhaps to a file
       on /tmp) where the user's quota has not been exceeded.  Then after rec‐
       tifying the quota situation, the file can be moved back to the filesys‐
       tem it belongs on.

USER COMMANDS
       print  Lists all paths with devices/project identifiers.	 The path list
	      can  come	 from several places - the command line, the mount ta‐
	      ble, and the /etc/projects file.

       df     See the free command.

       quota [ -gpu ] [ -bir ] [ -hnNv ] [ -f file ] [ ID | name ] ...
	      Show individual usage and limits, for  a	single	user  name  or
	      numeric  user  ID.   The -h option reports in a "human-readable"
	      format similar to the df(1) command. The -n option  reports  the
	      numeric  IDs  rather  than  the  name.  The  -N option omits the
	      header. The -v option outputs verbose information. The -f option
	      sends the output to file instead of stdout.

       free [ -bir ] [ -hN ] [ -f file ]
	      Reports  filesystem  usage, much like the df(1) utility.	It can
	      show usage for blocks, inode, and/or realtime block  space,  and
	      shows  used, free, and total available.  If project quota are in
	      use (see the DIRECTORY TREE QUOTA section below), it  will  also
	      report  utilisation for those projects (directory trees). The -h
	      option reports in a "human-readable" format. The -N option omits
	      the  header. The -f option outputs the report to file instead of
	      stdout.

       help [ command ]
	      Online help for all commands, or one specific command.

       quit   Exit xfs_quota.

       q      See the quit command.

QUOTA ADMINISTRATION
       The XFS quota system differs to that of other filesystems in  a	number
       of ways.	 Most importantly, XFS considers quota information as filesys‐
       tem metadata and uses journaling to provide a higher level guarantee of
       consistency.  As such, it is administered differently, in particular:

       1.     The  quotacheck  command	has no effect on XFS filesystems.  The
	      first time quota accounting is turned on (at  mount  time),  XFS
	      does  an	automatic quotacheck internally; afterwards, the quota
	      system will always be completely	consistent  until  quotas  are
	      manually turned off.

       2.     There  is	 no  need  for	quota  file(s)	in the root of the XFS
	      filesystem.

       3.     XFS distinguishes between quota accounting  and  limit  enforce‐
	      ment.   Quota accounting must be turned on at the time of mount‐
	      ing the XFS filesystem.  However, it is possible to turn	on/off
	      limit  enforcement  any time quota accounting is turned on.  The
	      "quota" option to the mount command turns on both	 (user)	 quota
	      accounting  and  enforcement.   The "uqnoenforce" option must be
	      used to turn on user accounting with limit enforcement disabled.

       4.     Turning on quotas on the root filesystem is  slightly  different
	      from  the above.	For IRIX XFS, refer to quotaon(1M).  For Linux
	      XFS, the quota mount flags must be passed	 in  with  the	"root‐
	      flags=" boot parameter.

       5.     It is useful to use the state to monitor the XFS quota subsystem
	      at various stages - it can be used to see if quotas  are	turned
	      on,  and	also to monitor the space occupied by the quota system
	      itself..

       6.     There is a mechanism built into xfsdump that allows quota	 limit
	      information  to  be  backed up for later restoration, should the
	      need arise.

       7.     Quota limits cannot be set before turning on quotas on.

       8.     XFS filesystems keep quota accounting on the superuser (user  ID
	      zero),  and the tool will display the superuser's usage informa‐
	      tion.  However, limits are never enforced on the superuser  (nor
	      are they enforced for group and project ID zero).

       9.     XFS  filesystems	perform	 quota accounting whether the user has
	      quota limits or not.

       10.    XFS supports the notion of project quota, which can be  used  to
	      implement	 a  form  of  directory tree quota (i.e. to restrict a
	      directory tree to only being able to use up a component  of  the
	      filesystems  available  space;  or  simply  to keep track of the
	      amount of space used, or number of inodes, within the tree).

ADMINISTRATOR COMMANDS
       path [ N ]
	      Lists all paths with devices/project identifiers or set the cur‐
	      rent  path  to  the  Nth list entry (the current path is used by
	      many of the commands described here, it identifies the  filesys‐
	      tem  toward  which  a  command is directed).  The patch list can
	      come from several places - the command line,  the	 mount	table,
	      and the /etc/projects file.

       report [ -gpu ] [ -bir ] [ -ahntLNU ] [ -f file ]
	      Report  filesystem  quota	 information.	This reports all quota
	      usage for a filesystem, for  the	specified  quota  type	(u/g/p
	      and/or  blocks/inodes/realtime).	It reports blocks in 1KB units
	      by default. The -h option reports in a  "human-readable"	format
	      similar  to  the df(1) command. The -f option outputs the report
	      to file instead of stdout. The -a option reports on all filesys‐
	      tems.  The -n option outputs the numeric ID instead of the name.
	      The -L and -U options specify  lower  and	 upper	ID  bounds  to
	      report  on. The -N option reports information without the header
	      line. The -t option performs a terse report.

       state [ -gpu ] [ -av ] [ -f file ]
	      Report overall quota state information.	This  reports  on  the
	      state  of quota accounting, quota enforcement, and the number of
	      extents being used by quota metadata within the filesystem.  The
	      -f  option  outputs state information to file instead of stdout.
	      The -a option reports state on all filesystems and not just  the
	      current path.

       limit [ -gpu ] bsoft=N | bhard=N | isoft=N | ihard=N | rtbsoft=N | rtb‐
	      hard=N -d | id | name
	      Set  quota  block	 limits	 (bhard/bsoft),	 inode	count	limits
	      (ihard/isoft)  and/or  realtime  block limits (rtbhard/rtbsoft).
	      The -d option (defaults) can be used to set  the	default	 value
	      that  will be used, otherwise a specific user/group/project name
	      or numeric identifier must be specified.

       timer [ -gpu ] [ -bir ] value
	      Allows the quota enforcement timeout (i.e. the  amount  of  time
	      allowed  to pass before the soft limits are enforced as the hard
	      limits) to be modified. The current timeout setting can be  dis‐
	      played  using  the state command. The value argument is a number
	      of seconds, but units of 'minutes', 'hours', 'days', and 'weeks'
	      are  also	 understood (as are their abbreviations 'm', 'h', 'd',
	      and 'w').

       warn [ -gpu ] [ -bir ] value -d | id | name
	      Allows the quota warnings limit (i.e.  the  number  of  times  a
	      warning  will  be	 send  to someone over quota) to be viewed and
	      modified. The -d option  (defaults)  can	be  used  to  set  the
	      default	time   that   will   be	 used,	otherwise  a  specific
	      user/group/project name or numeric identifier must be specified.
	      NOTE: this feature is not currently implemented.

       enable [ -gpu ] [ -v ]
	      Switches	on  quota enforcement for the filesystem identified by
	      the current path.	 This requires the  filesystem	to  have  been
	      mounted  with  quota enabled, and for accounting to be currently
	      active. The -v option (verbose) displays	the  state  after  the
	      operation has completed.

       disable [ -gpu ] [ -v ]
	      Disables	quota  enforcement,  while  leaving  quota  accounting
	      active. The -v option (verbose) displays	the  state  after  the
	      operation has completed.

       off [ -gpu ] [ -v ]
	      Permanently  switches quota off for the filesystem identified by
	      the current path.	 Quota can only be  switched  back  on	subse‐
	      quently by unmounting and then mounting again.

       remove [ -gpu ] [ -v ]
	      Remove any space allocated to quota metadata from the filesystem
	      identified by the current path.  Quota must not  be  enabled  on
	      the filesystem, else this operation will report an error.

       dump [ -gpu ] [ -f file ]
	      Dump out quota limit information for backup utilities, either to
	      standard output (default) or to a file.  This is only  the  lim‐
	      its, not the usage information, of course.

       restore [ -gpu ] [ -f file ]
	      Restore  quota  limits  from a backup file.  The file must be in
	      the format produced by the dump command.

       quot [ -gpu ] [ -bir ] [ -acnv ] [ -f file ]
	      Summarize filesystem ownership, by user, group or project.  This
	      command  uses a special XFS "bulkstat" interface to quickly scan
	      an entire filesystem and report usage information.  This command
	      can be used even when filesystem quota are not enabled, as it is
	      a full-filesystem scan (it may also take a long time...). The -a
	      option  displays	information  on all filesystems. The -c option
	      displays a histogram instead of a report. The -n option displays
	      numeric  IDs  rather  than names. The -v option displays verbose
	      information. The -f option send the output to  file  instead  of
	      stdout.

       project [ -cCs [ -d depth ] [ -p path ] id | name ]
	      Without  arguments,  this	 command lists known project names and
	      identifiers (based on entries in the /etc/projects and /etc/pro‐
	      jid  files). The -c, -C, and -s options allow the directory tree
	      quota mechanism to be maintained.	 -d allows to limit  recursion
	      level when processing project directories and -p allows to spec‐
	      ify project paths at command line ( instead of /etc/projects  ).
	      All options are discussed in detail below.

DIRECTORY TREE QUOTA
       The  project  quota mechanism in XFS can be used to implement a form of
       directory tree quota, where a specified directory and all of the	 files
       and  subdirectories below it (i.e. a tree) can be restricted to using a
       subset of the available space in the filesystem.

       A managed tree must be setup initially  using  the  -s  option  to  the
       project command. The specified project name or identifier is matched to
       one or more trees defined in /etc/projects, and these  trees  are  then
       recursively descended to mark the affected inodes as being part of that
       tree.  This process sets an inode flag and the  project	identifier  on
       every  file  in	the affected tree.  Once this has been done, new files
       created in the tree will automatically be accounted to the  tree	 based
       on  their  project  identifier.	 An attempt to create a hard link to a
       file in the tree will only succeed if the  project  identifier  matches
       the project identifier for the tree.  The xfs_io utility can be used to
       set the project ID for an arbitrary file, but this can only be done  by
       a privileged user.

       A  previously  setup  tree  can	be  cleared from project quota control
       through use of the project -C option, which  will  recursively  descend
       the tree, clearing the affected inodes from project quota control.

       Finally,	 the  project -c option can be used to check whether a tree is
       setup, it reports nothing if the tree is correct, otherwise it  reports
       the paths of inodes which do not have the project ID of the rest of the
       tree, or if the inode flag is not set.

       Option -d can be used to limit recursion level (-1 is  infinite,	 0  is
       top  level only, 1 is first level ... ).	 Option -p adds possibility to
       specify project paths in command line without a need for	 /etc/projects
       to exist. Note that if projects file exists then it is also used.

EXAMPLES
       Enabling	 quota	enforcement on an XFS filesystem (restrict a user to a
       set amount of space).

	    # mount -o uquota /dev/xvm/home /home
	    # xfs_quota -x -c 'limit bsoft=500m bhard=550m tanya' /home
	    # xfs_quota -x -c report /home

       Enabling project quota on an XFS filesystem (restrict files in log file
       directories to only using 1 gigabyte of space).

	    # mount -o prjquota /dev/xvm/var /var
	    # echo 42:/var/log >> /etc/projects
	    # echo logfiles:42 >> /etc/projid
	    # xfs_quota -x -c 'project -s logfiles' /var
	    # xfs_quota -x -c 'limit -p bhard=1g logfiles' /var

       Same as above without a need for configuration files.

	    # rm -f /etc/projects /etc/projid
	    # mount -o prjquota /dev/xvm/var /var
	    # xfs_quota -x -c 'project -s -p /var/log 42' /var
	    # xfs_quota -x -c 'limit -p bhard=1g 42' /var

CAVEATS
       XFS implements delayed allocation (aka. allocate-on-flush) and this has
       implications for the quota subsystem.  Since quota accounting can  only
       be  done	 when  blocks  are actually allocated, it is possible to issue
       (buffered) writes into  a  file	and  not  see  the  usage  immediately
       updated.	 Only when the data is actually written out, either via one of
       the kernels flushing mechanisms, or via	a  manual  sync(2),  will  the
       usage reported reflect what has actually been written.

       In addition, the XFS allocation mechanism will always reserve the maxi‐
       mum amount of space required before proceeding with an allocation.   If
       insufficient  space for this reservation is available, due to the block
       quota limit being reached for example, this may result in  the  alloca‐
       tion  failing even though there is sufficient space.  Quota enforcement
       can thus sometimes happen in situations where the user is  under	 quota
       and  the	 end  result  of some operation would still have left the user
       under quota had the operation been allowed to  run  its	course.	  This
       additional overhead is typically in the range of tens of blocks.

       Both  of	 these	properties are unavoidable side effects of the way XFS
       operates, so should be kept in mind when assigning block limits.

BUGS
       Quota support for filesystems  with  realtime  subvolumes  is  not  yet
       implemented, nor is the quota warning mechanism (the Linux warnquota(8)
       tool can be used to provide similar functionality on that platform).

FILES
       /etc/projects	   Mapping of numeric project identifiers to  directo‐
			   ries trees.
       /etc/projid	   Mapping  of	numeric project identifiers to project
			   names.

IRIX SEE ALSO
       quotaon(1M), xfs(4).

LINUX SEE ALSO
       warnquota(8), xfs(5).

SEE ALSO
       df(1), mount(1), sync(2), projid(5), projects(5).

								  xfs_quota(8)
[top]

List of man pages available for Manjaro

Copyright (c) for man pages and the logo by the respective OS vendor.

For those who want to learn more, the polarhome community provides shell access and support.

[legal] [privacy] [GNU] [policy] [cookies] [netiquette] [sponsors] [FAQ]
Tweet
Polarhome, production since 1999.
Member of Polarhome portal.
Based on Fawad Halim's script.
....................................................................
Vote for polarhome
Free Shell Accounts :: the biggest list on the net