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Xws(8)									Xws(8)

NAME
       Xws - X Window System server

SYNOPSIS
       Xws [ option ... ]

DESCRIPTION
       The Xws command starts the X server.

SUPPORTED GRAPHICS OPTIONS
       The  Xws	 X server is based on X11R5 and supports the following systems
       and graphics options:

	   DECstation 2100/3100 monochrome (PMAX-MFB)
	   DECstation 2100/3100 color (PMAX-CFB)
	   DECstation 5000/25 baseboard graphics (PMAG-DV)
	   DECstation 5000/33 baseboard graphics (PMAG-DV)
	   MX (PMAG-AA)
	   CX (PMAG-BA)
	   HX (PMAGB-BA)
	   PX (PMAG-CA)

NETWORK CONNECTIONS
       The X server supports connections made  using  the  following  reliable
       byte-streams:

       TCPIP
	   The server listens on port 6000+n, where n is the display number.

       UNIX Domain
	   The X server uses /tmp/.X11-unix/Xn as the filename for the socket,
	   where n is the display number.

       Shared Memory
	   The X server uses shared memory.

       DECnet
	   The server responds to connections to object X$Xn, where n  is  the
	   display number.

OPTIONS
       The X server accepts the following command line options:

       -a number
	       Sets  pointer  acceleration  (that is, the ratio of how much is
	       reported to how much the user actually moved the pointer).

       -ac     Disables host-based access control mechanisms.  Enables	access
	       by  any host, and permits any host to modify the access control
	       list.  Use with extreme caution.	 This option exists  primarily
	       for running test suites remotely.

       -audit level
	       Sets  the  audit	 trail level.  The default level is 1, meaning
	       only connection rejections are reported.	 Level 2  additionally
	       reports all successful connections and disconnections.  Level 0
	       turns off the audit trail.  Audit lines are  sent  as  standard
	       error output.

       -auth authorization-file
	       Specifies  a  file which contains a collection of authorization
	       records used to authenticate access.  See also the xdm and Xse‐
	       curity manual pages.

       bc      Disables certain kinds of error checking, for bug compatibility
	       with previous releases (for example, to work around bugs in  R2
	       and  R3 xterms and toolkits).  Use of this option is not recom‐
	       mended.

       -bs     Disables backing store support on all screens.

       -c      Turns off key-click.

       c volume
	       Sets the key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).

       -cc class
	       Sets the visual class for the root  window  of  color  screens.
	       The  class numbers are those specified in the X protocol.  This
	       option is not obeyed by all servers.

       -co filename
	       Sets the name of the RGB color database.

       -core   Causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors.

       -f volume
	       Sets the bell volume (allowable range: 0-100).

       -fc cursorFont
	       Sets the default cursor font.

       -fn font
	       Sets the default font.

       -fp fontPath
	       Sets the search path for fonts.	This path is a comma separated
	       list  of directories which the X server searches for font data‐
	       bases. All components of the list must be valid	font  directo‐
	       ries or the X server will exit, not finding the default font.

	       It  is  recommended that you not use this option because of the
	       problems caused by an invalid font path.	 If you install a  new
	       set of fonts, it is best to specify the font path in a start-up
	       file such as Xsession or .xsession using the xset +fp  command.
	       Then,  if the font path is invalid for any reason, the X server
	       will still run.

       -help
	   Prints a usage message.

       -I  Causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored.

       -ld kilobytes
	   Sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number  of
	   kilobytes.	A value of zero makes the data size as large as possi‐
	   ble.	  The  default	value  of  -1  leaves  the  data  space	 limit
	   unchanged.

       -lf files
	   Sets	 the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified
	   number.  A value is zero makes the limit as large as possible.  The
	   default value of -1 leaves the limit unchanged.

       -ls kilobytes
	   Sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of
	   kilobytes.  A value of zero makes the stack size as large as possi‐
	   ble.	  The  default	value  of  -1  leaves  the  stack  space limit
	   unchanged.

       -logo
	   Turns on the X Window System	 logo  display	in  the	 screen-saver.
	   There is currently no way to change this setting from a client.

       nologo
	   Turns  off  the  X  Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
	   There is currently no way to change this setting from a client.

       -p minutes
	   Sets the screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.

       -pn Permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all
	   of its well-known sockets, but establishes at least one. (Default)

       pn  Prevents the server from continuing to run if it fails to establish
	   all of its well-known sockets.

       -r  Turns off auto-repeat.

       r   Turns on auto-repeat.

       -s minutes
	   Sets the screen-saver timeout time in minutes.

       -su Disables the save under support on all screens.

       -t number
	   Sets the pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (that  is,	 after
	   how many pixels pointer acceleration should take effect).

       -terminate
	   Causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continu‐
	   ing to run.

       -to seconds
	   Sets the default connection timeout in seconds.

       -tst
	   Disables all testing extensions (for example, XTEST,	 XTrap,	 XTes‐
	   tExtension1).

       ttyxx
	   This option is a valid option but is ignored by the Xws server.

       v   Sets video-off screen-saver preference.

       -v  Sets video-on screen-saver preference.

       -wm Forces  the	default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped.
	   This option is a quick way of getting backing-store to apply to all
	   windows.

       -x extension
	   Loads  the  specified  extension at initialization. Some extensions
	   have only a small portion loaded at initialization,	saving	memory
	   until  the  extension is actually requested. This option forces the
	   complete loading of the extension at initialization time, saving  a
	   small  amount of startup time when the first request for the exten‐
	   sion is made by a  client  application.  Not	 all  extensions  will
	   implement this feature.

       You  can	 also  have the X server connect to xdm using XDMCP.  Although
       this method is not typically useful as it does not allow xdm to	manage
       the  server process, it can be used to debug XDMCP implementations, and
       serves as a sample implementation of the server	side  of  XDMCP.   For
       more  information  on  this protocol, see the X Display Manager Control
       Protocol specification.	The following options control the behavior  of
       XDMCP.

       -query host-name
	       Enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified host.

       -broadcast
	       Enables XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the net‐
	       work.  The first responding display manager will be chosen  for
	       the session.

       -indirect host-name
	       Enables	XDMCP and sends IndirectQuery packets to the specified
	       host.

       -port port-num
	       Uses an alternate port number for XDMCP packets.	 Must be spec‐
	       ified before any -query, -broadcast, or -indirect options.

       -class display-class
	       XDMCP  has  an  additional  display  qualifier used in resource
	       lookup for display-specific options.   This  option  sets  that
	       value.	By default, it is "MIT-Unspecified", which is not very
	       useful.

       -cookie xdm-auth-bits
	       When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1,  a  private  key  is	shared
	       between the server and the manager.  This option sets the value
	       of that private data, although because it  is  on  the  command
	       line, it is not very private.

       -displayID display-id
	       Yet  another  XDMCP-specific value, this one allows the display
	       manager to identify each display so  that  it  can  locate  the
	       shared key.

       The  following options are device dependent and Digital specific.  When
       the server is run on multiscreen-capable	 platforms,  selected  device-
       dependent  options  take	 an  optional  screen-specification  argument.
       Omitting the screen-specification argument defines  the	parameter  for
       all available screens.

       -btn num
	       Specifies  the  number  of  buttons on the pointer device.  The
	       default is 3 for a mouse device and 4 for a tablet device.

       -bp[screen]  color
	       Sets the color of black pixels for the screen.  The color argu‐
	       ment  can  be  a named color from the database or a number sign
	       (#) followed by a hexidecimal number.

       -vclass[screen]	visual class
	       Sets the visual class for the root window of the screen.	  Pos‐
	       sible   values	are   StaticGray,   StaticColor,  PseudoColor,
	       GrayScale, TrueColor, and DirectColor.

       -dpi[screen]  num
	       Sets the dots-per-inch for the x and y coordinates.

       -dpix[screen]  num
	       Sets the dots-per-inch for the x coordinates.

       -dpiy[screen]  num
	       Sets the dots-per-inch for the y coordinates.

       -edge_bottomscr1 scr2
	       Attaches the bottom edge of the screen specified by scr1 to the
	       screen specified by scr2.

       -edge_leftscr1 scr2
	       Attaches	 the  left edge of the screen specified by scr1 to the
	       screen specified by scr2.

       -edge_rightscr1 scr2
	       Attaches the right edge of the screen specified by scr1 to  the
	       screen specified by scr2.

       -edge_topscr1 scr2
	       Attaches	 the  top  edge of the screen specified by scr1 to the
	       screen specified by scr2.

       -wp[screen]  color
	       Sets the color of white pixels for the screen.  The syntax  for
	       color is the same as for the argument to the -bp option.

RESTRICTIONS
       If  options  not listed in this reference page are used, the server may
       fail. Using invalid options for the X server in the /etc/ttys file  may
       cause the X server to start and fail repetitively.

       Multiscreen  configurations  may only contain homogeneous configuration
       display devices.

       To connect two screens,	two  command  line  options  must  be  issued.
       Attaching two screens using only one -edge_ argument produces a one-way
       mouse-travel path.  You can create a wrap-around mouse path by  attach‐
       ing  noncontiguous  screen edges.  The -edge_ arguments are disabled on
       single screen systems.

       Nonsensical screen connections are not allowed; the top edge of a  par‐
       ticular	screen	must  be  connected  with  the	bottom edge of another
       screen, and the right edge of a particular  screen  must	 be  connected
       with  the  left edge of another screen.	Left and right edges cannot be
       connected to top or bottom edges.

EXAMPLES
       The following example specifies that  screen  0	has  a	resolution  of
       100x100	dots-per-inch and screen 1 has a resolution of 75x70 dots-per-
       inch:

	 Xws -dpi0 100 -dpix1 75 -dpiy1 70

       If no screen is specified, the value specified is used for all screens.
       If the screen resolution is not specified using command line options, a
       default value based on pixel dimensions and screen size	is  calculated
       for each screen.

       The  following example specifies that black pixels on screen 1 have the
       hexadecimal value 3a009e005c0 prefixed with a number sign (#) and white
       pixels on screen 1 are color "wheat" from the X rgb color database.

	 Xws -bp1 #3a009e005c0 -wp1 wheat

       For  monochrome	display	 devices, values of 0 and 1 are the only valid
       pixel colors.

       To specify the default visual class of a root window  on	 a  particular
       screen,	append	the  screen number (0, 1, or 2) to the -vclass command
       line option.  Possible visual  classes  are:  StaticGray,  StaticColor,
       PseudoColor,  GrayScale,	 TrueColor,  and  DirectColor.	 The following
       example specifies that the screen 0 root window is a TrueColor  visual,
       and the screen 1 root window is a PseudoColor visual.

	 Xws -class0 TrueColor -class1 PseudoColor

       The  following example attaches screen 1 above screen 0 and screen 2 to
       the right of screen 0 (an L-shaped configuration):

	 Xws -edge_top0 1 -edge_bottom1 0 -edge_right0 2 -edge_left2 0

       The following example is identical to the default state	(a  horizontal
       line) with the addition of a wraparound from screen 0 to screen 2:

	 Xws -edge_left0 2 -edge_right0 1 -edge_left1 0 -edge_right1 2 \
	 -edge_left2 1 -edge_right2 0

SECURITY
       The X server implements a simplistic authorization protocol, MIT-MAGIC-
       COOKIE-1.  This protocol uses data private to  authorized  clients  and
       the server.  It is a rather trivial scheme; if the client passes autho‐
       rization data that is the same as the server has, it is allowed access.
       This  scheme  is worse than the host-based access control mechanisms in
       environments with unsecure networks because it allows any host to  con‐
       nect,  given that it has discovered the private key.  But in many envi‐
       ronments, this level of security is better than the  host-based	scheme
       because it allows access control per-user instead of per-host.

       The  authorization data is passed to the server in a private file named
       with the -auth command line option.  Each time the server is  about  to
       accept the first connection after a reset (or when the server is start‐
       ing), it reads this file.  If  this  file  contains  any	 authorization
       records,	 the  local  host  is  not automatically allowed access to the
       server, and only clients which send one of  the	authorization  records
       contained  in  the  file	 in  the  connection setup information will be
       allowed access.	See the Xau manual  page  for  a  description  of  the
       binary format of this file.

       The  X  server  also uses a host-based access control list for deciding
       whether to accept connections from clients on a particular machine.  If
       no  other  authorization	 mechanism  is being used, this list initially
       consists of the host on which the server is  running  as	 well  as  any
       machines	 listed in the file /etc/Xn.hosts, where n is the display num‐
       ber of the server.  Each line of the  file  should  contain  either  an
       Internet	 hostname (for example, expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet hostname
       in double colon format (for example,  hydra::).	 There	should	be  no
       leading or trailing spaces on any lines.	 For example:

	       joesworkstation
	       corporate.company.com
	       star::
	       bigcpu::

       Users  can  add	or  remove  hosts from this list and enable or disable
       access control using the xhost command from the	same  machine  as  the
       server.

SIGNALS
       The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals:

       SIGHUP  This  signal  causes  the  server to close all existing connec‐
	       tions, free all resources, and restore  all  defaults.	It  is
	       sent  by	 the  display  manager	whenever  the main user's main
	       application (usually an xterm or window manager) exits to force
	       the server to clean up and prepare for the next user.

       SIGTERM This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.

       SIGUSR1 This signal is used quite differently from either of the above.
	       When the server starts, it checks to see if  it	has  inherited
	       SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN instead of the usual SIG_DFL.	 In this case,
	       the server sends a SIGUSR1 to its parent process after  it  has
	       set  up	the various connection schemes.	 Xdm uses this feature
	       to recognize when it is possible to connect to the server.

FONTS
       Fonts are usually stored as individual files  in	 directories.	The  X
       server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers.  The
       list of directories and font servers the X server uses when  trying  to
       open  a	font is controlled by the font path.  Although most sites will
       choose to have the X server start up with  the  appropriate  font  path
       (using the -fp option described previously), it can be overridden using
       the xset program.

       The default font path for the X server contains eight directories:

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/decwin
	       This directory contains font directories for  75dpi  fonts  and
	       100dpi fonts used by Digital's out-of-the-box applications such
	       as dxcalendar and dxterm.

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc
	       This directory contains many miscellaneous  bitmap  fonts  that
	       are useful on all systems.  It contains a family of fixed-width
	       fonts, a family of fixed-width fonts from Dale Schumacher, sev‐
	       eral Kana fonts from Sony Corporation, two JIS Kanji fonts, two
	       Hangul fonts from Daewoo Electronics,  two  Hebrew  fonts  from
	       Joseph  Friedman,  the  standard	 cursor font, two cursor fonts
	       from Digital Equipment Corporation, and cursor and glyph	 fonts
	       from  Sun  Microsystems.	 It also has various font name aliases
	       for the fonts, including fixed and variable.

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo
	       This directory contains outline fonts  for  Bitstream's	Speedo
	       rasterizer.   A single font face - in normal, bold, italic, and
	       bold italic - is provided, contributed by Bitstream, Inc.

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
	       This directory contains "Type 1"	 (PostScript)  format  outline
	       fonts for IBM's rasterizer.

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts
	       This  directory contains bitmap fonts for 75dpi and 100dpi dis‐
	       plays contributed by Adobe  Systems,  Inc.,  Digital  Equipment
	       Corporation,  Bitstream,	 Inc.,	Bigelow	 and  Holmes,  and Sun
	       Microsystems, Inc.  An integrated selection of  sizes,  styles,
	       and weights are provided for each family.

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/local

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/apps

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/private

       Font  databases	are  created  by  running the mkfontdir program in the
       directory containing the compiled  versions  of	the  fonts  (the  .pcf
       files).	 Whenever  fonts are added to a directory, mkfontdir should be
       rerun so that the server can find the new fonts.	 If mkfontdir  is  not
       run, the server will not be able to find any fonts in the directory.

FILES
       /etc/X*.hosts			   Initial access control list

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc,		   Bitmap font directories
       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi,
       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/speedo,	   Outline font directories
       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1

       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/100dpi,   DECwindows font directories
       /usr/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/75dpi

       /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt		   Color database

       /tmp/.X11-unix/X*		   UNIX domain socket

       /usr/adm/X*msgs			   Error log file

       /usr/bin/X11/Xws			   Executable image

SEE ALSO
       X(1X),  bdftopcf(1X),  mkfontdir(1X),  xauth(1X),  xdm(1X),  xhost(1X),
       xset(1X), xsetroot(1X), xterm(1X), X Window System Protocol, Definition
       of  the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server, Strategies for Port‐
       ing the X v11 Sample Server, Godzilla's Guide to Porting the X V11 Sam‐
       ple Server

									Xws(8)
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