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CHMOD(2)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		      CHMOD(2)

NAME
       chmod, fchmod - change permissions of a file

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/stat.h>

       int chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode);
       int fchmod(int fd, mode_t mode);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       fchmod(): _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500

DESCRIPTION
       These  system calls change the permissions of a file.  They differ only
       in how the file is specified:

       * chmod() changes the permissions of the file specified whose  pathname
	 is given in path, which is dereferenced if it is a symbolic link.

       * fchmod()  changes the permissions of the file referred to by the open
	 file descriptor fd.

       The new file permissions are specified in mode, which  is  a  bit  mask
       created by ORing together zero or more of the following:

       S_ISUID	(04000)	 set-user-ID   (set   process  effective  user	ID  on
			 execve(2))

       S_ISGID	(02000)	 set-group-ID  (set  process  effective	 group	ID  on
			 execve(2);   mandatory	  locking,   as	 described  in
			 fcntl(2); take a new file's group from parent	direc‐
			 tory, as described in chown(2) and mkdir(2))

       S_ISVTX	(01000)	 sticky bit (restricted deletion flag, as described in
			 unlink(2))

       S_IRUSR	(00400)	 read by owner

       S_IWUSR	(00200)	 write by owner

       S_IXUSR	(00100)	 execute/search by owner ("search" applies for	direc‐
			 tories,  and  means that entries within the directory
			 can be accessed)

       S_IRGRP	(00040)	 read by group

       S_IWGRP	(00020)	 write by group

       S_IXGRP	(00010)	 execute/search by group

       S_IROTH	(00004)	 read by others

       S_IWOTH	(00002)	 write by others

       S_IXOTH	(00001)	 execute/search by others

       The effective UID of the calling process must match the	owner  of  the
       file,  or  the  process	must  be  privileged  (Linux: it must have the
       CAP_FOWNER capability).

       If the calling process is not privileged	 (Linux:  does	not  have  the
       CAP_FSETID  capability),	 and  the group of the file does not match the
       effective group ID of the process or one	 of  its  supplementary	 group
       IDs,  the  S_ISGID  bit	will be turned off, but this will not cause an
       error to be returned.

       As a security measure, depending on the file  system,  the  set-user-ID
       and set-group-ID execution bits may be turned off if a file is written.
       (On Linux this  occurs  if  the	writing	 process  does	not  have  the
       CAP_FSETID  capability.)	  On some file systems, only the superuser can
       set the sticky bit, which may have a special meaning.  For  the	sticky
       bit,  and  for  set-user-ID  and	 set-group-ID bits on directories, see
       stat(2).

       On NFS file  systems,  restricting  the	permissions  will  immediately
       influence already open files, because the access control is done on the
       server, but open files are maintained by the client.  Widening the per‐
       missions	 may  be  delayed  for	other  clients if attribute caching is
       enabled on them.

RETURN VALUE
       On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and  errno  is
       set appropriately.

ERRORS
       Depending  on  the file system, other errors can be returned.  The more
       general errors for chmod() are listed below:

       EACCES Search permission is denied on a component of the	 path  prefix.
	      (See also path_resolution(7).)

       EFAULT path points outside your accessible address space.

       EIO    An I/O error occurred.

       ELOOP  Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving path.

       ENAMETOOLONG
	      path is too long.

       ENOENT The file does not exist.

       ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.

       ENOTDIR
	      A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

       EPERM  The  effective UID does not match the owner of the file, and the
	      process  is  not	privileged  (Linux:  it	 does  not  have   the
	      CAP_FOWNER capability).

       EROFS  The named file resides on a read-only file system.

       The general errors for fchmod() are listed below:

       EBADF  The file descriptor fd is not valid.

       EIO    See above.

       EPERM  See above.

       EROFS  See above.

CONFORMING TO
       4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.

SEE ALSO
       chown(2), execve(2), fchmodat(2), open(2), stat(2), path_resolution(7)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 3.24 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, and information about reporting  bugs,  can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux				  2008-05-26			      CHMOD(2)
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