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DVIPS(1)							      DVIPS(1)

NAME
       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

SYNOPSIS
       dvips [ options ] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION
       THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You
       can read it either in Emacs or with the standalone info	program	 which
       comes with the GNU texinfo distribution as prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/tex‐
       info*.tar.gz.

       The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by  TeX  (or  by
       some  other  processor  such as GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript,
       normally sending the result directly to the  (laser)printer.   The  DVI
       file  may  be  specified	 without  the  .dvi extension.	Fonts used may
       either be resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files, or
       a  `virtual' combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed,
       dvips will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts  that	 don't
       already exist.

       For  more  information, see the Texinfo manual dvips.texi, which should
       be installed somewhere on your system, hopefully accessible through the
       standard Info tree.

OPTIONS
       -a     Conserve	memory	by  making  three  passes  over	 the .dvi file
	      instead of two and only loading those characters actually	 used.
	      Generally	 only useful on machines with a very limited amount of
	      memory, like some PCs.

       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -b num Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page  body
	      rather  than using the #numcopies option.	 This can be useful in
	      conjunction with a header file setting  \bop-hook	 to  do	 color
	      separations or other neat tricks.

       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.	 (For collated
	      copies, see the -C option below.)

       -C num Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in  the
	      PostScript  file).  Slower than the -c option, but easier on the
	      hands, and faster than resubmitting  the	same  PostScript  file
	      multiple times.

       -d num Set  the	debug flags.  This is intended only for emergencies or
	      for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips
	      has  been	 compiled  with	 the DEBUG option.  If nonzero, prints
	      additional information on standard error.	 The number  is	 taken
	      as  a set of independent bits.  The meaning of each bit follows.
	      1=specials; 2=paths; 4=fonts; 8=pages; 16=headers; 32=font  com‐
	      pression;	 64=files;  128=memory;	 256=Kpathsea  stat(2)	calls;
	      512=Kpathsea hash	 table	lookups;  1024=Kpathsea	 path  element
	      expansion;  2048=Kpathsea	 searches.  To trace everything having
	      to do with file searching and opening, use 3650 (2048 +  1024  +
	      512 + 64 + 2). To track all classes, you can use `-1' (output is
	      extremely voluminous).

       -D num Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.	 This  affects
	      the  choice  of  bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the posi‐
	      tioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between
	      10  and  10000.	This  affects both the horizontal and vertical
	      resolution.  If a high resolution (something  greater  than  400
	      dpi, say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also be used.

       -e num Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
	      from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
	      default value of this parameter is resolution dependent.	Allow‐
	      ing  individual  characters  to  `drift'	from  their  correctly
	      rounded  positions  by  a	 few  pixels, while regaining the true
	      position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing
	      of letters in words.

       -E     makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bound‐
	      ing box.	This only works on one-page files, and it  only	 looks
	      at  marks	 made  by  characters  and  rules, not by any included
	      graphics.	 In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from  the  tfm
	      file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may
	      confuse it.  In addition, the bounding box might be  a  bit  too
	      loose  if the character glyph has significant left or right side
	      bearings.	 Nonetheless, this  option  works  well	 for  creating
	      small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note, of
	      course, that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus  does
	      not  make	 very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to
	      be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)

       -f     Run as a filter.	Read the .dvi file  from  standard  input  and
	      write  the  PostScript  to  standard output.  The standard input
	      must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe.	 If  you  must	use  a
	      pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a tem‐
	      porary file and then points dvips at  this  file.	  This	option
	      also  disables  the automatic reading of the PRINTER environment
	      variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it
	      was  turned  on with the -F option or in the configuration file;
	      use -F after this option if you want both.

       -F     Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very  last
	      character	 of the PostScript file.  This is useful when dvips is
	      driving the  printer  directly  instead  of  working  through  a
	      spooler,	as is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO NOT
	      USE THIS OPTION!

       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered
	      positions.  This may be useful sometimes.

       -h name
	      Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
	      name is simply `-' suppress all header files from	 the  output.)
	      This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.

       -i     Make  each  section  be  a separate file.	 Under certain circum‐
	      stances, dvips will split the document up into `sections' to  be
	      processed independently; this is most often done for memory rea‐
	      sons.  Using this option tells dvips to place each section  into
	      a	 separate  file;  the new file names are created replacing the
	      suffix of	 the  supplied	output	file  name  by	a  three-digit
	      sequence	number.	 This option is most often used in conjunction
	      with the -S option which sets  the  maximum  section  length  in
	      pages.   For  instance,  some phototypesetters cannot print more
	      than ten or so consecutive pages before running  out  of	steam;
	      these  options  can  be  used to automatically split a book into
	      ten-page sections, each to its own file.

       -j     Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This  is  the
	      default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this
	      operation.  You can also control partial downloading on  a  per-
	      font basis, via the psfonts.map file.

       -k     Print  crop  marks.  This option increases the paper size (which
	      should be specified, either with a paper size  special  or  with
	      the  -T option) by a half inch in each dimension.	 It translates
	      each page by a quarter inch and draws  cross-style  crop	marks.
	      It  is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size
	      automatically.

       -K     This option causes comments  in  included	 PostScript  graphics,
	      font files, and headers to be removed.  This is sometimes neces‐
	      sary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript	 post-process‐
	      ing  programs.  Specifically, the %%Page comments, when left in,
	      often cause difficulties.	 Use  of  this	flag  can  cause  some
	      included	graphics  to  fail, since the PostScript header macros
	      from some software packages read portions of  the	 input	stream
	      line  by	line, searching for a particular comment.  This option
	      has been turned off by default because PostScript previewers and
	      spoolers have been getting better.

       -l num The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default
	      is the last page in the document.	 If the num is prefixed by  an
	      equals  sign,  then  it  (and  any argument to the -p option) is
	      treated as a sequence number, rather than	 a  value  to  compare
	      with  \count0 values.  Thus, using -l =9 will end with the ninth
	      page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually num‐
	      bered.

       -m     Specify manual feed for printer.

       -mode mode
	      Use mode as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
	      generation.  This overrides any value from configuration	files.
	      With  the	 default  paths,  explicitly  specifying the mode also
	      makes the program assume the fonts are in a  subdirectory	 named
	      mode.

       -M     Turns  off the automatic font generation facility.  If any fonts
	      are missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to  the
	      file  missfont.log  in the current directory; this file can then
	      be executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.

       -n num At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.

       -N     Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary  on  some
	      systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways,
	      or on some PostScript printers.  Old versions of	TranScript  in
	      particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.

       -noomega
	      This  will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting
	      DVI files.  By default, the additional opcodes 129 and  134  are
	      recognized  by  dvips  as	 Omega	extensions  and interpreted as
	      requests to set 2-byte characters. The only drawback is that the
	      virtual  font  array  will  (at least temporarily) require 65536
	      positions instead of the default 256 positions, i.e. the	memory
	      requirements  of dvips will be slightly larger. If you find this
	      unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega	exten‐
	      sions,  you can switch this extension off by using -noomega (but
	      please do send a bug report if you find such problems - see  the
	      bug address in the AUTHORS section below).

       -o name
	      The  output  will be sent to file name If no file name is given,
	      the default name is file.ps  where  the  .dvi  file  was	called
	      file.dvi; if this option isn't given, any default in the config‐
	      uration file is used.  If the first character  of	 the  supplied
	      output file name is an exclamation mark, then the remainder will
	      be used as an argument to popen; thus, specifying	 !lpr  as  the
	      output  file  will  automatically	 queue	the file for printing.
	      This option also disables the automatic reading of  the  PRINTER
	      environment  variable,  and  turns  off the automatic sending of
	      control D if it was turned on with the -F option or in the  con‐
	      figuration file; use -F after this option if you want both.

       -O offset
	      Move the origin by a certain amount.  The offset is a comma-sep‐
	      arated pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm (in the same  syn‐
	      tax  used	 in the papersize special).  The origin of the page is
	      shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to
	      the  right  from	the  upper  left  corner of the paper) by this
	      amount.

       -p num The first page printed will  be  the  first  one	numbered  num.
	      Default  is  the first page in the document.  If the num is pre‐
	      fixed by an equals sign, then it (and any	 argument  to  the  -l
	      option)  is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to
	      compare with \count0 values.  Thus, using -p =3 will start  with
	      the  third  page	of  the document, no matter what the pages are
	      actually numbered.

       -pp pagelist
	      A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may  be	given,
	      which  will  be interpreted as \count0 values.  Pages not speci‐
	      fied will not be printed.	 Multiple -pp options may be specified
	      or  all  pages  and  page	 ranges	 can be specified with one -pp
	      option.

       -P printername
	      Sets up the output for the appropriate printer.  This is	imple‐
	      mented by reading in config.printername , which can then set the
	      output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername as well as the font paths
	      and  any	other  config.ps defaults for that printer only.  Note
	      that config.ps is read before  config.printername	 In  addition,
	      another file called ~/.dvipsrc is searched for immediately after
	      config.ps; this file is intended for user defaults.   If	no  -P
	      command  is  given, the environment variable PRINTER is checked.
	      If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration  file
	      exists, that configuration file is read in.

       -q     Run  in  quiet mode.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.;
	      report nothing but errors to standard error.

       -r     Stack pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be  printed
	      first.

       -R     Run in secure mode. This means that ``backtick'' commands from a
	      \special{} or \psffile{} macro in the (La)TeX source like	 \spe‐
	      cial{psfile="`zcat  foo.ps.Z"} or \psffile[72 72 540 720]{"`zcat
	      screendump.ps.gz"} are not executed.

       -s     Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore
	      pair.   This  causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is
	      thus not recommended, but is  useful  if	you  are  driving  the
	      printer  directly	 and don't care too much about the portability
	      of the output.

       -S num Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This	option
	      is most commonly used with the -i option; see that documentation
	      above for more information.

       -t papertype
	      This sets the paper type to papertype.  The papertype should  be
	      defined in one of the configuration files, along with the appro‐
	      priate code to select it.	 (Currently known types	 include  let‐
	      ter, legal, ledger, a4, a3).  You can also specify -t landscape,
	      which rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To  rotate  a  document
	      whose  size is not letter, you can use the -t option twice, once
	      for the page size, and once for landscape.  You should  not  use
	      any  -t  option  when  the DVI file already contains a papersize
	      special, as is done  by  some  LaTeX  packages,  notably	hyper‐
	      ref.sty.

	      The  upper  left	corner of each page in the .dvi file is placed
	      one inch from the left and one inch from the top.	 Use  of  this
	      option is highly dependent on the configuration file.  Note that
	      executing the letter or a4 or other PostScript  operators	 cause
	      the  document  to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print
	      on certain printers, so the paper size should not	 execute  such
	      an operator if at all possible.

       -T papersize
	      Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions.  This option
	      takes its arguments in the same style as -O.  It	overrides  any
	      paper size special in the dvi file.

       -u psmapfile
	      Set  psmapfile  to  be  the  file that dvips uses for looking up
	      PostScript font aliases.	If psmapfile begins with a  +  charac‐
	      ter,  then  the  rest of the name is used as the name of the map
	      file, and the map file is appended to  the  list	of  map	 files
	      (instead	of  replacing the list).  In either case, if psmapfile
	      has no extension, then .map is added at the end.

       -U     Disable a PostScript virtual  memory  saving  optimization  that
	      stores  the character metric information in the same string that
	      is used to store the bitmap information.	This is only necessary
	      when  driving  the  Xerox	 4045  PostScript  interpreter.	 It is
	      caused by a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on
	      the  bottom  of each character.  Not recommended unless you must
	      drive this printer.

       -v     Print the dvips version number and exit.

       -V     Download	non-resident  PostScript  fonts	 as   bitmaps.	  This
	      requires	use  of	 `gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some other such pro‐
	      gram(s) in order to generate the required	 bitmap	 fonts;	 these
	      programs are supplied with dvips.

       -x num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000.	Overrides the magnifi‐
	      cation specified in the .dvi  file.   Must  be  between  10  and
	      100000.	Instead	 of  an	 integer, num may be a real number for
	      increased precision.

       -X num Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -y num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000 times the	 magnification
	      specified in the .dvi file.  See -x above.

       -Y num Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -z     Pass  html  hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
	      distillation into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to	 avoid
	      including	 the  header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary
	      files in creating the output.

       -Z     Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before  they  are	 down‐
	      loaded,  thereby	reducing the size of the PostScript font-down‐
	      loading information.  Especially useful at high  resolutions  or
	      when  very  large fonts are used.	 Will slow down printing some‐
	      what, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers.

SEE ALSO
       mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), dvips.texi.

ENVIRONMENT
       Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms  for  finding
       font  files  as	TeX and its friends do.	 See the documentation for the
       Kpathsea library for details.  (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)

       KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.

       PRINTER: see above.

NOTES
       PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

AUTHOR
       Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu>; extended to virtual  fonts  by
       Don   Knuth.    Path   searching	 and  configuration  modifications  by
       kb@mail.tug.org.

				  27 May 2004			      DVIPS(1)
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